# Ahrom Labs: every page as Markdown > 154 pages of https://ahromlabs.com, one after another. The index is https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt. --- title: "Ahrom Labs: custom ERP for manufacturers and traders" url: https://ahromlabs.com description: "Custom ERP for Indian manufacturers and trading groups: BOMs, shop floor, IBR, GST and TDS compliance and TallyPrime in one system. Built in Ahmedabad." --- # We build the systems your business runs on. One system for the whole business, from enquiry to dispatch to the books, that also tells you what's late, what's owed and what needs a decision today. Tally can stay. Already in daily use at manufacturers, traders and design studios. [Start a conversation](#contact) [Or try a live demo](#demos) ## Your business runs on disconnected systems. A typical business runs on a CRM, an ERP, a handful of spreadsheets, and a dozen smaller tools, each holding a partial view of how the business works. None of them share a model of the [entities](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#entity), [relationships](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#relationship), or [workflows](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#workflow) underneath. Every integration between them is a workaround. Every new tool adds another place the truth can diverge from what actually happened. ## What we build Start with records that are correct and compliant. Add the workflows your people run every day. Then analytics, then AI — each layer built on the same model, so nothing has to be rebuilt to climb to the next one. ### [One system for the whole business, from enquiry to dispatch Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) Any business that has outgrown spreadsheets and off-the-shelf software — where a few people are the only ones who know how everything connects. ### [Win orders and keep customers in the loop Sales CRM, quotations and customer portal](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) - [Every enquiry followed up, every quotation findable](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customers follow their order and ask for quotes, without calling you](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ### [Buy at the right price and know what's in stock Procurement, supplier portal and inventory](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) - [Suppliers quote on a link and see their PO when you accept](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [Stock you can scan, set aside for each customer order](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ### [Know what goes into everything you make BOM management and material traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) - [Every plate, cut and offcut accounted for](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [A BOM built from your own Excel sheets that learns your categories](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ### [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time Accounting, GST, TallyPrime and payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST returns and TDS, prepared from the work you already enter](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Your software and Tally in sync, with no double entry](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Sister concerns, one set of books, and staff see only their part](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Who owes you and who you owe, always current, straight from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage attendance and payroll without a register](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ### [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers AI assistants and analytics for operations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) - [An assistant built on your own records that never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Your numbers, without anyone building an Excel sheet first](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [Purchase bills read by AI, checked by your accountant before posting](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Search your documents and past decisions, with the source shown](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) [How each one works, with the numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services) ## Try it before you talk to us Three of the systems we've built, running with sample companies. A short form, then pick a sample login. Free, and every demo resets each night. ### Electronics trading demo Electronics-components import/export trading Scan reels in and out, approve staff entries, and see the customer portal and partner store. [Try the live demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) ### Interior design and furniture demo Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies Projects, workshop orders, vendors, payroll, and two free questions to the Atelier AI assistant. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) ### Boiler manufacturing demo Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Twelve sample logins, one per department, from enquiry to dispatch and the IBR folder. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) ## Free guides and tools Written from the systems we run, checked against the official texts, and free to use without talking to us. - [IBR 2026 guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) All 34 forms of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 with their IBR 1950 numbers, what changed, registration documents and record keeping, quoted from the Gazette. - [Interior BOQ guide](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) How to write a bill of quantities contractors price the same way: 41 items in 9 trades, a free checker and an Excel template. - [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) 71 testable requirements for Indian manufacturers and traders, a builder, an Excel scorecard and the GST and company-law rules quoted. - [AI assistants guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) How an assistant on your records should answer, a check for made-up numbers, 82 questions to ask it and a vendor test. ## The Ahrom approach We start by modeling how your business actually works, then build the systems on top of that model. The application layer comes second. [How we map a business before building](https://ahromlabs.com/approach) Common approach Every department gets its own application. Data is duplicated and synced between them by hand or by fragile integrations. Our approach We model your entities, relationships, and workflows once. Every surface you use reads from and writes to that same structure, built around the way your people already work, not the other way round. ## One structure, not a stack of tools. BUSINESS ENTITIES RELATIONSHIPS WORKFLOWS DATA DECISIONS EVIDENCE OPERATIONAL INTELLIGENCE BUSINESS EXECUTION Structure and reasoning are one system. Each layer feeds the next. Business connects entities, relationships, and workflows into a single structure. That structure produces data, decisions, and evidence. Data, decisions, and evidence combine into operational intelligence, which drives business execution. ## What we believe Understand before automating. Automation on top of a business no one has modeled just moves the mess faster. Systems over features. A feature solves one task. A system explains how the tasks relate. Evidence over assumptions. Decisions should trace back to the data and events that produced them. One coherent system over disconnected tools. Every additional disconnected tool is another place the truth can diverge. ## Systems we've built ### [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Electronics-components import/export trading Approved invoices post into TallyPrime as vouchers within 30 seconds, through a local agent on the Tally PC. ### [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies Each invoice picks its own company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN from a single shared app. ### [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Each boiler's IBR statutory folder — cover letter and IBR 2026 Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B (Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950) — put together from a bank of material test certificates, with the parts added by a person in a few minutes. [Browse by industry](https://ahromlabs.com/industries) · [See all work](https://ahromlabs.com/work) · [Read the engineering notes](https://ahromlabs.com/notes) ## Who this is for You run a business that has outgrown the tools holding it together: a CRM here, a spreadsheet there, and a few people who remember how it all actually connects. You don't need another application bolted onto the pile. You need the structure your business can finally stand on, modeled properly before anyone writes a line of code. Industry doesn't decide the fit; the shape of the problem does. So far that has meant a boiler manufacturer, a PCB trading company, and an interior design firm with a sister furniture workshop — each with its accounts in TallyPrime and its operations spread across spreadsheets and chat. ## How we work Every engagement starts the same way: we model your business before we design anything. That model becomes the specification. What gets built after it is not up for negotiation halfway through, because the structure was agreed on first. We work with a small number of businesses at a time, not a pipeline. Modeling a business properly takes real attention, and we protect the time that takes. Every project is priced in fixed phases, with the scope written down and agreed before any work starts. [How pricing, licensing and support work](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) ## Start a conversation Tell us what your business runs on today, and where it's held together with workarounds. We reply to every message ourselves. Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "About: industrial systems engineering in Ahmedabad | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/about description: "Ahrom Labs is an industrial systems engineering practice: we map how a factory or trading house actually runs, then build the systems it runs on." --- # About Ahrom Labs exists for one kind of business: one that has outgrown the tools holding it together. ## The business you're running now You didn't plan for a CRM, an ERP, six spreadsheets, and a chat channel to become your source of truth. It happened one urgent decision at a time, and now a handful of people are the only ones who remember how it all actually connects. That works, until someone leaves, or the business grows past what memory can hold. ## What changes when there is one structure A business with one coherent model of its entities, workflows, and decisions doesn't need someone to remember how things connect, because the system already knows. New hires read the structure instead of asking around. New tools plug into it instead of becoming another island. Decisions carry their [evidence](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#evidence) instead of living in someone's memory. ## How we work with you Ahrom Labs is an industrial systems engineering practice: we build custom ERP, CRM and AI systems, not off-the-shelf software. We take on a small number of engagements at a time, because modeling a business properly takes real attention. We map how your business actually works before we design or build anything, and that map becomes the foundation the systems are built on. The practice is run by [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala), founder and Principal: the same person who does the modeling, writes the code, and answers your first message. Ahrom Labs works out of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, with clients across India. [See how an engagement runs: pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) ## What we publish Written from the systems we run, checked against the official texts, and free to use without talking to us. - [IBR 2026 guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) All 34 forms of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 with their IBR 1950 numbers, what changed, registration documents and record keeping, quoted from the Gazette. - [Interior BOQ guide](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) How to write a bill of quantities contractors price the same way: 41 items in 9 trades, a free checker and an Excel template. - [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) 71 testable requirements for Indian manufacturers and traders, a builder, an Excel scorecard and the GST and company-law rules quoted. - [AI assistants guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) How an assistant on your records should answer, a check for made-up numbers, 82 questions to ask it and a vendor test. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Pujan Motiwala, founder of Ahrom Labs | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala description: "Pujan Motiwala founded Ahrom Labs in Ahmedabad: nine years in data science and process mapping, now building the operations and AI systems Indian manufacturers run on." --- [About](https://ahromlabs.com/about) # Pujan Motiwala Founder and Principal, Ahrom Labs. I map how a business actually runs, then build the system it runs on, and I'm the person who answers when you write in. ## The map comes first I learned to draw how work moves before I wrote software for anyone. During my master's in Information Systems at Stevens Institute of Technology, where I studied business process management, I mapped the workflows of a defence research centre: how each request moved, where it waited and what it should look like instead. That habit is the first phase of every Ahrom Labs engagement. We draw your business as it is before anything is built, because a system built on the wrong picture only makes the workarounds faster. ## Nine years inside other people's numbers My work has been where the data meets the money. I analysed insurance claims at Bajaj Allianz and customer data at Liberty Mutual. At USAA I built predictive maintenance and asset optimisation models, at Arkose Labs fraud and bot detection, and at ABC Fitness churn and retention models across their clubs. I also taught Python for data analysis in Columbia University's Applied Analytics programme. Every one of those projects taught the same lesson: a model is only as good as the records under it. Most Indian manufacturers and traders don't have an AI problem yet. They have a records problem: the truth is split across Tally, spreadsheets and a few people's memory. So that's where we start. ## What I build at Ahrom Labs Since January 2025 Ahrom Labs has built and run the operations and accounting systems for an electronics component trader, an interior design studio and its furniture workshop, and a boiler manufacturer: sales to dispatch, stock, statutory documents, payroll, TallyPrime posting, and AI that reads invoices and answers questions from the books, with a person confirming anything that matters. The systems are in [the work](https://ahromlabs.com/work); how they were built, and why, is in the [engineering notes](https://ahromlabs.com/notes) and [patterns](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns), every one written by me. ## Where your system goes next Once your records live in one structure, the work I did for banks, insurers and security teams applies to your business too. These are the next steps on a system you already run, and none of them needs a new one. - ### Machines and jobs that are about to slip Your job cards, breakdowns and dispatch dates already hold the pattern. A model trained on them can flag the machine due for trouble or the order likely to run late, while there is still time to act. [Making and delivering](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) - ### Cash and stock, before the month closes Receivables, payables and stock movement in one ledger can be projected forward: what comes in, what goes out, and which item runs short first. [Receivables from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - ### The entry that doesn't fit The methods banks and security teams use to catch fraud work on a factory's books too: a rate far off the purchase order, a payment out of pattern, stock that moved without a document. One version already runs: every vendor and freight charge is checked against its agreed rate. [Operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - ### Customers going quiet, or due to reorder Order history shows who usually buys when. The system can tell sales who has gone silent and who is due, before a competitor calls them. [Sales CRM](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - ### Questions answered from your own records Ask in plain words, in English or Hinglish, and get the number from your own data with its source. Invoices, certificates and drawings are read for you and checked by a person before they post. [AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) The rule doesn't change as the AI grows. The system suggests, a person confirms, and nothing posts to your books on a guess. ## Elsewhere - **Education:** Master's in Information Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA (2016). Bachelor's in Information Technology, Gujarat Technological University (2014). - **Also founded:** [ClickCatalyst](https://clickcatalyst.digital/author/pujan-motiwala), a separate company that builds Google Ads audit software. - **Profiles:** [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/pujanmotiwala/) · [GitHub](https://github.com/PujanMotiwala) · [Medium](https://medium.com/@motiwalapujan) · [pujan@ahromlabs.com](mailto:pujan@ahromlabs.com) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "MCP server and files for AI agents | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/agents description: "Connect an AI agent to Ahrom Labs' published content: a read-only MCP search server, llms.txt, every page as Markdown, and a knowledge graph in JSON." --- # MCP server and files for AI agents Everything Ahrom Labs publishes can be read by an AI agent: searched through an MCP server, or fetched as plain files. All of it is read-only and public; any page can also be requested as Markdown by sending `Accept: text/markdown`. ## MCP server A search over the site's notes, patterns, guides, services and pricing answers. Each result is a passage with the URL of the page it came from. No sign-in. Endpoint (streamable HTTP): ``` https://ahromlabs.com/mcp ``` For Claude Desktop or any client that takes a local command, the open-source [ahromlabs-mcp](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/ahromlabs-mcp) server (MIT) connects to it for you: ``` { "mcpServers": { "ahromlabs-search": { "command": "npx", "args": [ "-y", "github:Ahrom-Labs/ahromlabs-mcp" ] } } } ``` ## Files - [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) A summary of the site for language models: every page, tool and guide with one line on each. - [llms-full.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms-full.txt) Every page as Markdown, in one file, for an agent that wants the whole site in one fetch. - [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) The knowledge graph: notes, patterns, services, clients, IBR forms, BOQ items, ERP requirements and AI assistant questions, with typed links between them. - [MCP server card](https://ahromlabs.com/.well-known/mcp/server-card.json) The MCP server's description, also at /.well-known/mcp.json. - [API catalog](https://ahromlabs.com/.well-known/api-catalog) All of the above, listed in one place (RFC 9727). ## Datasets Free to reuse under CC BY 4.0, with credit to Ahrom Labs: [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements), [interior BOQ items](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) and the [AI assistant question library](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions), each with a download (JSON, CSV or Excel) on its page. --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI assistants over your business data | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant description: "AI assistants for ERP and business data that never invent a number: a free hallucinated-number check, a question library and a vendor test." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) # AI assistants over your business data An AI assistant on your ERP or books is only useful if its numbers match the reports. The way to get that is to keep the model away from the numbers: it picks which fixed look-up answers the question, and code does the maths. Here is how to tell whether an assistant works that way, a free check for made-up numbers, the questions to ask it and the tests to run on any vendor. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 ## Tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Paste what the assistant said and the report it should have used. Every number that isn't in the report is marked. Nothing leaves your browser. - [Questions to ask an AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) 82 questions by industry and role, each with what should answer it and what to check it against, including the ones a good assistant refuses. Free under CC BY 4.0, also as JSON. - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) 12 tests for any vendor's demo, with pass and fail for each and a test sheet for Excel. ## Why assistants get numbers wrong Most assistants on business data do one of two things: the model writes a database query, or it reads rows and summarises them. Both let the model produce the figure, and sooner or later it produces one that is nearly right: a total that misses a credit note, a share worked out from the wrong base, a figure rounded to look tidy. In a business system one wrong number is enough for nobody to trust the assistant again. ## How an assistant should answer Keep the model away from the figures. A small model only chooses which question is being asked; code runs a fixed, read-only look-up with the same maths as the screens; a written sentence with any number that isn't in the result is dropped; and what the data can't answer gets “the data doesn't have that”. The four steps, for buyers, are in [how an AI assistant answers from your records](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works); the engineering note is [an assistant that only answers from your own records](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger). ## By business - [Manufacturing](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) Ember AI, at a boiler manufacturer: 12 of its 21 questions answered today. - [Trading and distribution](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) Ohm AI, at LS Technologies, an electronic component trader: 24 of its 24 questions answered today. - [Project businesses (interiors, fit-out)](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) Atelier AI, at Savistar & Saag, an interior design studio and furniture workshop: 37 of its 37 questions answered today. ## Guides - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) The design that keeps figures right has four parts: a small AI model only chooses which question is being asked; code runs a fixed, read-only look-up with the same maths as the app's screens; any written sentence with a number that isn't in the result is dropped; and questions the data can't answer get a plain "the data doesn't have that". The model never produces a figure. - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) Ask what is sent to the AI provider with each question. It is one of three things: the question only, the question with the rows of the answer, or your records themselves. Ahrom Labs' assistants send the question only by default. Under India's DPDP Act the business stays responsible for safeguards, breach notice and erasure, including at its AI provider; the Rules putting those duties into effect start in May 2027. Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety description: "What an AI assistant sends to the AI provider with each question, and what India's DPDP Act and Rules require of the business, with start dates." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act Ask what is sent to the AI provider with each question. It is one of three things: the question only, the question with the rows of the answer, or your records themselves. Ahrom Labs' assistants send the question only by default. Under India's DPDP Act the business stays responsible for safeguards, breach notice and erasure, including at its AI provider; the Rules putting those duties into effect start in May 2027. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [What is sent with each question?](#what-is-sent-with-each-question) 2. [Can the assistant change anything?](#can-the-assistant-change-anything) 3. [Can a junior staff member ask what they can't see?](#can-a-junior-staff-member-ask-what-they-can-t-see) 4. [Whose account does it run on, and what does it cost?](#whose-account-does-it-run-on-and-what-does-it-cost) 5. [What happens when the AI provider is down?](#what-happens-when-the-ai-provider-is-down) 6. [What does India's DPDP Act ask of the business?](#what-does-india-s-dpdp-act-ask-of-the-business) An AI assistant on your system sends something to an AI provider every time someone asks a question. Whether that is safe depends on exactly what is sent, so start there, and get the vendor's answer in writing. ## What is sent with each question? There are three designs, and they send very different amounts: | Design | What goes to the AI provider | Ahrom Labs' assistants | | ---------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | The model only chooses | The question, and the one before it for follow-ups | Atelier AI and Ohm AI by default; Ember AI for how-to answers (the question and the help-guide sections picked) | | The model writes the answer | The question and the rows of the answer | Atelier AI when a person picks a voice for it; Ohm AI in its "write" answer mode; Ember AI's live-data answers, built and switched off at the client | | The model reads your records | Documents or tables, loaded so it can "understand the business" | None | In the first design the ledger never leaves: the model picks a look-up and a period, and your own system runs it and builds the table. [How it works](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) explains the design. The second design sends a few rows per answer: not the database, but your data, so you should be able to switch it off. The third sends the most: ask what, how often, and where it is kept. Ember AI's live-data answers are switched on only when the client's approver is recorded by name in Settings, because in that mode the rows of each answer go to the writing model. On the public demo they are on, with a sample company. ## Can the assistant change anything? It shouldn't be able to. Look-ups should be read-only queries, so the worst a wrong choice can do is show the wrong table. "Remind me to call them on Friday" should draft a task that a person saves. Ask it to mark an invoice paid or delete an order, and check nothing changed: test 6 of the [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test#read-only). ## Can a junior staff member ask what they can't see? Only if the assistant ignores the screens' rules. Each look-up should run as the signed-in person, with the same limits as the screens: - **Atelier AI:** staff see only their own tasks and cash entries; payroll, advances and bank statements are refused to them. - **Ohm AI:** answers LS Technologies' own staff, never the partner store's logins or customers; its settings are for the admin. - **Ember AI:** answers each person from the guides of their own departments, and each live-data look-up follows the same department limits as the screens. Test it with a junior login. ## Whose account does it run on, and what does it cost? The business's own. Ahrom Labs' assistants use the client's own key with the AI provider (OpenRouter), set in the system's Settings, so the client pays the provider directly and can switch it off at any time. A daily question limit caps the cost: at LS Technologies it is about a hundredth of a rupee per question. Ask a vendor whose key it is, what the limit is, and what happens when the credit runs out. ## What happens when the AI provider is down? The screens carry on as before, and the assistant should get simpler, not wrong. In Savistar's system a keyword router takes over, so answers get less clever but the figures still come from the same look-ups. ## What does India's DPDP Act ask of the business? If the assistant handles personal data (names and details of staff, customers or contacts), the business is the Data Fiduciary and the AI provider is its Data Processor. The duties stay with the business: | Duty | Where it is | Starts | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | | Reasonable security safeguards, including at the processor | Act section 8(5); rule 6 | May 2027 | | A valid contract with the processor, with safeguards in it | Act section 8(2); rule 6(1)(f) | May 2027 | | Breach notice to the Data Protection Board and each person affected, without delay, then a detailed report to the Board within 72 hours | Act section 8(6); rule 7 | May 2027 | | Erase the data when consent is withdrawn or the purpose is served, and cause the processor to erase it | Act section 8(7) | With the rule on retention, rule 8: May 2027 | | Transfer outside India allowed, subject to requirements the Government may set | Act section 16; rule 15 | May 2027 | "May 2027" is rule 1(4): the rules that set out these duties come into force eighteen months after the Rules were published on 13 November 2025\. Rules on the Data Protection Board itself are already in force. The Act's own sections are brought into force by separate notification, so check which are in force on the date you sign. What it means for an assistant, in practice: - **Know where the model runs.** A provider like OpenRouter routes to models run outside India. That is allowed under rule 15, but you should know which countries, and that the contract covers it. - **Send only what the answer needs.** The question-only design sends no personal data unless the question itself contains some. - **Put it in the contract.** Safeguards, breach notice to you, and erasure at the provider, as rule 6(1)(f) and section 8(7) expect. How the Act applies to your business is a question for your lawyer. The same rules, for the system underneath, are in the [ERP compliance guide](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance). Quoted from the official text (9) > “reasonable security safeguards to prevent personal data breach” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(5) > “A Data Fiduciary may engage, appoint, use or otherwise involve a Data Processor to process personal data on its behalf for any activity related to offering of goods or services to Data Principals only under a valid contract” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(2) > “the Data Fiduciary shall give the Board and each affected Data Principal, intimation of such breach in such form and manner as may be prescribed” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(6) > “erase personal data, upon the Data Principal withdrawing her consent” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(7)(a) > “cause its Data Processor to erase any personal data that was made available by the Data Fiduciary for processing to such Data Processor” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(7)(b) > “Rules 3, 5 to 16, 22 and 23 shall come into force eighteen months after the date of publication” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, rule 1(4) > “appropriate provision in the contract entered into between such Data Fiduciary and such a Data Processor, wherever applicable, for taking reasonable security safeguards” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, rule 6(1)(f) > “within seventy-two hours of becoming aware of the breach, or within such longer period as the Board may allow on a request made in writing in this behalf” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, rule 7(2)(b) > “Any personal data processed by a Data Fiduciary under the Act may be transferred outside the territory of India subject to the restriction that the Data Fiduciary shall meet such requirements as the Central Government may, by general or special order, specify” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, rule 15 Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E))](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, November 13, 2025. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works description: "How the design works, for buyers: the model picks the question, code runs a fixed look-up, and sentences with numbers not in the data are dropped." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers The design that keeps figures right has four parts: a small AI model only chooses which question is being asked; code runs a fixed, read-only look-up with the same maths as the app's screens; any written sentence with a number that isn't in the result is dropped; and questions the data can't answer get a plain "the data doesn't have that". The model never produces a figure. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Step 1: the model only chooses](#step-1-the-model-only-chooses) 2. [Step 2: code runs a fixed look-up](#step-2-code-runs-a-fixed-look-up) 3. [Step 3: words are checked against the table](#step-3-words-are-checked-against-the-table) 4. [Step 4: it says what it can't answer](#step-4-it-says-what-it-can-t-answer) 5. [How is it tested?](#how-is-it-tested) 6. [What does it cost to run?](#what-does-it-cost-to-run) 7. [What it doesn't do](#what-it-doesn-t-do) Most AI assistants on business data let the model produce the answer's figures, either by writing a database query ([text-to-SQL](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/text-to-sql)) or by reading rows and summarising them. Both work most of the time, and that is the problem: an owner can't tell the answer that is right from the one that is nearly right (an [AI hallucination](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ai-hallucination)). The design below takes the figures away from the model altogether. It is how [Atelier AI, Ohm AI and Ember AI](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) work. ## Step 1: the model only chooses A small AI model reads the question and picks from fixed options: what kind of question it is (a figure, how to do something, a reminder, small talk, something the data can't answer), which look-up fits, which period, and whether it follows on from the last question. It returns a choice, not text. Names in the question (a client, an item, a reel number) are matched to real records by code; when two records could match, Ohm AI, for one, asks which one is meant. ## Step 2: code runs a fixed look-up Each question type has a [fixed look-up](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-look-up): a read-only query written in advance, with only the values filled in. It uses the same maths as the app's own screens, so "who owes us money?" counts the same invoices, the same way, as the unpaid-invoices screen. The answer is shown as a table, with a link to that screen. Because the look-ups only read, the assistant can't change anything. "Remind me to call them on Friday" drafts a task that is saved only when the person presses Save. ## Step 3: words are checked against the table A sentence above the table is optional, in the voice the person picked. Before it is shown, a [grounding check](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/grounding-check) compares every number in it with the table. If any number isn't there, such as a total the writer added up, a percentage it worked out or a figure it rounded, the sentence is dropped and only the table is shown. You can run the same check on any assistant with the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check). ## Step 4: it says what it can't answer Advice ("should we raise prices?") and data the system doesn't hold get a plain "the data doesn't have that", with questions it can answer instead. Every question it couldn't answer, and every thumbs-down, is listed for the owner, so the next look-up to add comes from what people actually asked. ## How is it tested? Each assistant has its own set of real questions, run through the real pipeline before it goes live: plain English, fragments, typos and Hinglish. Atelier AI routed 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real phrasings correctly. The questions each assistant answers are in the [question library](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions). ## What does it cost to run? Very little, because the model only makes a choice. At LS Technologies it is about a hundredth of a rupee per question, on the client's own AI account, with a daily question limit. What is sent to the AI provider is set out in [what leaves your server](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety). ## What it doesn't do It doesn't answer questions nobody built a look-up for, and it doesn't search documents. Questions over drawings, certificates and past decisions are a different design, [retrieval and knowledge graphs](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs), where each answer shows the document it came from. The full engineering note is [an assistant that only answers from your own records](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger). Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms description: "An AI assistant for interior designers and furniture workshops: the questions it should answer from your own projects, invoices and orders, and how to check…" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers An interior design firm's assistant should answer how each project is going, who owes money, which workshop orders are late, what material is still to come and whether a project made money, all from the firm's own records and matching its screens. Atelier AI does this at Savistar & Saag today, in English and Hinglish, and refuses staff the payroll and bank questions. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [What should it answer?](#what-should-it-answer) 2. [What should it refuse?](#what-should-it-refuse) 3. [How Atelier AI does it](#how-atelier-ai-does-it) 4. [How to check a vendor's](#how-to-check-a-vendor-s) 5. [What Atelier AI answers](#what-atelier-ai-answers) A design studio runs on projects, quotations, site visits, a workshop and a lot of money owed. The owner's questions cut across all of them: how is this client's project going, who still owes us, are we delivering on time. An assistant earns its place if it answers those in one line, with the same figures as the screens. ## What should it answer? Every question Atelier AI answers today is listed below, with the screen to check each answer against. They cut across the whole firm: one project end to end, money owed and billed with the GST split, quotations waiting and won, late workshop orders and on-time delivery, material still to come, attendance and payroll, the cash book and the bank, and whether a project made money. ## What should it refuse? Advice ("should we raise our design fee?") and anything a login can't see on the screens. A site supervisor asking for payroll should get a refusal, not a figure. ## How Atelier AI does it [Atelier AI](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) is the assistant in Savistar & Saag, an interior design studio and a furniture workshop sharing one system. A small model picks one of its [fixed look-ups](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-look-up); code runs it with the same maths as the screens. It routed 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real phrasings correctly, including Hinglish. Each person can pick a voice for it, and a written line with a number not in the table is dropped. "Remind me to call them on Friday" drafts a task that is saved only when the person presses Save. You can ask it two questions yourself on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo), from any sample login. ## How to check a vendor's Run the [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) on a copy of your own projects, and paste its written answers into the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) with the finance screen beside them. If the assistant comes with a new system, the [ERP guide for interior design firms](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) lists what the system itself should do. ## What Atelier AI answers Status is Atelier AI's, the assistant in Savistar & Saag, an interior design studio and furniture workshop, used by everyone, staff limited to their own tasks and cash entries. Try it on the [public demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo): two questions from any sample login. ### What's on this week? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Milestones, site visits, workshop orders due and tasks in the week, from the calendar's own records. - **Check it against:** The calendar, same week: every item there is in the answer. - **Also asked as:** “anything due tomorrow?” · “what do i have today” ### How is a named project going? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** That project's milestones done and overdue, the next milestone, site visits, its workshop orders, open purchase orders, and what it has been invoiced and paid. - **Check it against:** The project page: milestone count and invoiced and paid totals match. - **Also asked as:** “\[client\] update?” · “\[project\] job details” · “\[client\] ka kaam kaha tak pahucha” ### Which milestones are overdue? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Open milestones past their due date, by project. - **Check it against:** The projects list filtered to overdue. ### Who owes us money? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Invoices sent and not paid, with the amount including GST and how many days overdue. Drafts are not counted. - **Check it against:** The unpaid invoices on the finance screen: same invoices, same total to the rupee. - **Also asked as:** “receivables” ### How much did we bill this month, and how much GST? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Invoice lines in the month (quantity × rate), GST split into CGST and SGST, and how much is paid. - **Check it against:** The invoice register for the month, and the GST figures your accountant files. - **Also asked as:** “GST collected by the furniture side this year” ### How did billing this month compare with last month? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The same look-up run for both months, side by side with the change. - **Check it against:** The register for each month, separately. - **Also asked as:** “and last month?” ### Which quotations are still waiting for a reply? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Quotations drafted or sent, not accepted or declined, with value including GST and whether they have expired. - **Check it against:** The quotations list filtered to open. ### How many quotes did we win this month? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Quotations accepted and declined in the month, by count and value, and the share won. - **Check it against:** The quotations list for the month, counted by status. ### Which workshop orders are late? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Workshop orders past their due date and not delivered. - **Check it against:** The workshop orders screen sorted by due date. - **Also asked as:** “orders due this week” · “late orders and overdue milestones” ### Are we delivering workshop orders on time? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Average days from start to delivery, and the share delivered on or before the due date, over delivered orders. - **Check it against:** Count the delivered orders in the period by hand: on time ÷ delivered. - **Also asked as:** “are we delivering orders on time?” ### What material is still to come for a project? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Open purchase orders for the project: ordered, minus delivered, plus returned. - **Check it against:** The vendor screen's open purchase orders for that project. - **Also asked as:** “material not recieved yet” ### Did a transporter charge us above the rate card? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Freight charges above that vendor's rate card for the same route, and by how much. - **Check it against:** The freight entries against the vendor's rate card. - **Also asked as:** “\[transporter\] overcharge?” ### Which clients haven't we spoken to in two weeks? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Clients with an active project and no conversation logged in 14 days. - **Check it against:** Each client's conversation log. - **Also asked as:** “Which clients haven't we spoken to in a while?” ### Did a project make money? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Billed, minus vendor materials, minus estimated workshop labour, with the margin. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The project's invoices, vendor purchase orders and work logs. - **Also asked as:** “which projects are most profitable?” · “\[project\] mein kitna margin hai” ### How much cash came in and went out this month? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The cash book (not the bank) for the month: in, out, net, the running balance and the largest entries. - **Check it against:** The cash book for the month. - **Also asked as:** “kitna paisa aaya is mahine” · “cash this month compared to last month” · “what is the cash balance?” ### How much money do we have? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Cash in hand, plus the bank balances from the latest statements, plus what is owed to us, shown separately and together. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The cash book, the latest bank statements and the unpaid invoices. - **Also asked as:** “where do we stand financially” ### What's overdue? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Follow-up tasks past their due date, for a person or a client. - **Check it against:** The task list filtered to overdue. - **Also asked as:** “my tasks this week” ### How are the projects doing? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Every project, or those with one status (active, on hold, completed), with milestone progress and what is overdue. - **Check it against:** The projects list, same status filter. - **Also asked as:** “which projects are on hold” ### When did we last visit a site? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Site visits by project: who went and when, past or coming up. - **Check it against:** The project's site-visit log. - **Also asked as:** “site visits last month” ### When did we last talk to a client, and what was said? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** That client's latest conversations, their projects and workshop orders, and their invoices. - **Check it against:** The client's page: conversation log and invoices. - **Also asked as:** “When did we last talk to \[client\]?” ### Who worked on a workshop order? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The order's work log: who worked on which part, on which days, the hours and the rating. - **Check it against:** The order's work log. - **Also asked as:** “Who worked on the \[order\]?” ### Who is in today? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Present, half day and absent for one day, with in and out times. - **Check it against:** The attendance screen for that day. ### How many days did a workshop person work this month? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Days worked in the period (present 1, half day 0.5) and absences. - **Check it against:** The attendance register for the month. - **Also asked as:** “How many days did \[person\] work this month?” ### What is the payroll for last month? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Days × daily rate or the monthly salary, minus that month's advances: what is owed and what is paid. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The payroll screen for the month. - **Also asked as:** “payroll for last month” ### Which advances haven't been recovered yet? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Advances given to workshop people, and whether that month's payroll has recovered them. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The advances list against the payroll. - **Also asked as:** “advances not recovered yet” ### Who is doing the best work? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Each workshop person's logged work rated 1 to 5 in the period, with the number of logs, days and orders. - **Check it against:** The work logs for the period. - **Also asked as:** “who's doing the best work?” ### How much have we spent with vendors? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Spend per vendor: purchase orders at rate, plus freight, minus returns and cash already paid, with open orders and overcharges. - **Check it against:** The vendor screen's totals. ### What is our bank balance? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Each account's balance from its latest uploaded bank statement (not the cash book). Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The latest statement of each account. - **Also asked as:** “how much is in \[bank\]” ### What were the biggest debits from the bank last month? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Bank statement lines in the period: money in or out, the largest, or payments to or from someone by name. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The bank statement for the month. - **Also asked as:** “what came into the bank last month?” · “bank payments to \[person\]” ### What did I note about a client? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The notes this person asked the assistant to keep, optionally about one client. - **Check it against:** The notes list. - **Also asked as:** “What did I note about \[client\]?” ### Note that a client prefers WhatsApp. Sales · Draft a task or a note · Answered today - **What should answer it:** A drafted private note; saved only when the person presses Save. - **Check it against:** The notes list before and after pressing Save. ### How do I log a site visit? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The steps from the system's own guide. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### Mark an invoice paid. Accounts · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Not done: the assistant only reads. It says where in the app to record the payment. - **Check it against:** The invoice is unchanged. ### What is the value of our stock? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** "The data doesn't have that": the system doesn't keep a stock valuation, so it says so instead of estimating. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no figure. ### Remind me to call a client on Friday. Sales · Draft a task or a note · Answered today - **What should answer it:** A drafted task for Friday; nothing is saved until the person presses Save. - **Check it against:** The task list before and after pressing Save. - **Also asked as:** “remind me to send the revised quote to \[client\] tomorrow” ### What is the payroll this month? (asked from a staff login) Plant and stores · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Refused: staff see only their own tasks and cash entries, as on the screens. - **Check it against:** The same login can't open payroll on the screens either. ### Should we raise our design fee? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Declined as advice the data can't give, with questions it can answer instead. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no recommendation. - **Also asked as:** “what should we charge \[client\] next” Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers description: "An AI assistant for a manufacturing ERP: start with how-to answers from your own help guide, then stock, purchase and approval questions, and how to check it." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start For a manufacturer, start with how-to questions answered from the system's own help guide, for each person's departments, and add live-data questions (stock, purchase orders, approvals) once the owner has decided what may be sent to the AI provider. That is where Ember AI stands at a boiler manufacturer: how-to answers live, live data built and switched off. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Step 1: how-to answers from your own guide](#step-1-how-to-answers-from-your-own-guide) 2. [Step 2: live data, when the owner decides](#step-2-live-data-when-the-owner-decides) 3. [How Ember AI does it](#how-ember-ai-does-it) 4. [How to check a vendor's](#how-to-check-a-vendor-s) 5. [What Ember AI answers](#what-ember-ai-answers) A manufacturing system has many departments and many screens, and most questions on the shop floor and in the office are "how do I". That is the safest place for an assistant to start: the answers come from the system's own help guide, and no business data leaves. ## Step 1: how-to answers from your own guide The assistant picks the right section of the help guide for the question, from the departments the person works in, and answers from it with a link to the screen. Questions like: - How do I raise a purchase request? - How do I send a packing list for approval before dispatch? - How do I assign test certificates to units? - Where do I change my password? Unrelated questions ("write me a poem") should get a fixed reply that never reaches a writing model. Each person gets a daily question limit set per department. ## Step 2: live data, when the owner decides Stock on hand, items below minimum, purchase orders not received, an order's value and payments, approvals waiting. These need a decision first: in a design where the rows are worded by a writing model, the rows of each answer are sent to the AI provider. The owner should approve that by name, and each look-up should follow the same department limits as the screens. The [data safety guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) sets out what to ask. ## How Ember AI does it Ember AI is the assistant in a boiler manufacturer's system, open to staff. How-to answers are live; the live-data look-ups are built and switched off until the client records its approval. Job-card and work-in-progress questions are not built yet. On the [boiler demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo), with a sample company, live data is on: anyone can ask it two questions. Every question it handles is listed below. ## How to check a vendor's Ask ten how-to questions from your own process and follow the answers: do the steps work? Then run the [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test). For the system itself, see the [ERP guide for small manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers). ## What Ember AI answers Status is Ember AI's, the assistant in a boiler manufacturer, used by staff, each about their own departments. Try it on the [public demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo): two questions, including live data from the sample company. ### How do I raise a purchase request? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The steps from the system's help guide for the person's own department, with a link to the screen. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how do i rais a purchse reqest” ### How do I send a packing list for approval before dispatch? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The dispatch guide's approval-before-dispatch section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “where is pakcing list aproval” ### How do I assign test certificates to units? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The quality guide's section on assigning certificates to units. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to add test certifcate” ### Where do I change my password? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The general section on profile and password, open to every department. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### How do I convert a quotation into a sale order? Sales · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The sales guide's section, with a link to the screen. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to creat quotaton for custmer” ### How do I receive material that came today? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The stores guide's inward section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to recieve material in stors” ### How do I create a job card? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The production guide's job card section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### How do I release the BOM? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The engineering guide's BOM release section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to relese the bom” ### How do I reconcile the bank statement? Accounts · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The accounts guide's bank section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how do i reconsile bank statment” ### How do I mark attendance for workers? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The HR guide's attendance section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “hw to mark attendence” ### How do I log a service visit? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The installation guide's service visit section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### Write me a poem. Plant and stores · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** A fixed reply saying what it can help with; the question never reaches a writing model. - **Check it against:** The reply is the same every time. ### How much of a material do we have in stock? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Stock on hand from the stores records. - **Check it against:** The stores screen for the material. - **Also asked as:** “stock of gaskets” · “stok of \[material\]” ### Which items are below their minimum? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Items whose stock is under the minimum set for them. - **Check it against:** The reorder list on the stores screen. - **Also asked as:** “what do we need to reorder” ### Which purchase orders haven't been received? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Purchase orders with material not yet received. - **Check it against:** The purchase orders screen filtered to pending. - **Also asked as:** “Which purchase orders are late this week?” · “list POs waiting for delivery” ### What is an order worth and how much has been paid? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** The order's value and the payments recorded against it, for those whose department may see money. - **Check it against:** The order's page. - **Also asked as:** “what is pending on \[order\]” ### What approvals are waiting for me? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Inward and pre-dispatch approvals waiting for this person. - **Check it against:** The approvals screen. - **Also asked as:** “any packing lists waiting for my approval” · “how many inward reviews are pending” ### What are my open tasks? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Open tasks for this person or their department. - **Check it against:** Home → tasks. - **Also asked as:** “what is pending for my department today” ### Is a project delayed? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** The project's stage and dates against plan. - **Check it against:** The project's page. - **Also asked as:** “how far along is \[project\]” ### Which customers owe us the most? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Outstanding by customer, for those whose department may see money. - **Check it against:** The receivables screen. - **Also asked as:** “who has not paid us yet” · “hw much does \[customer\] ow us” ### Which job cards are behind schedule? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Not yet built by Ahrom Labs - **What should answer it:** Job cards past their planned date, by work centre. - **Check it against:** The shop floor's job cards. Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Check an AI answer for made-up numbers | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check description: "Free check for AI hallucinated numbers: paste an answer and its source data; every figure not in the data is marked. Understands ₹, lakh and crore." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # Check an AI answer for made-up numbers Paste what an AI assistant said and the report or table it should have answered from. Every number in the answer that isn't in the data is marked: a total it added up, a share it worked out, a figure it rounded or invented. It runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com ## How the check works - **Any format.** ₹8,72,020, 872020 and 8.7202 lakh are the same number; so are 1.2 crore and 1,20,00,000\. Commas, the rupee sign and spaces are ignored. - **No rounding.** “About ₹12.4 lakh” against ₹12,43,500 is marked. A rounded figure is one the assistant made (a mild [hallucination](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ai-hallucination)), and the owner should see the real one. - **Whole numbers only.** 25 doesn't count as found because 1,250 is in the data. - **Single digits are skipped** (“3 invoices”, “on 2 Oct”): too common to tell anything. ## Where the rule comes from It is a [grounding check](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/grounding-check), the one Atelier AI, the assistant in Savistar & Saag, an interior design studio and furniture workshop, runs before it shows a written line: if the sentence contains a number that isn't in the table, the sentence is dropped and only the table is shown. The figures themselves come from fixed look-ups in code, never from the model. How that works is in [an assistant that only answers from your own records](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger). To use the check on a vendor, run it on the answers you collect with the [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test). Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions description: "Questions to ask an AI assistant over your ERP or business data, by industry and role, with what should answer each one and how to check the answer." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data 82 questions owners and staff ask an assistant built on their own records, by industry and role. For each: what should answer it, what to compare the answer with, and whether Ahrom Labs' assistants answer it today. Some should be refused, and a good assistant refuses them. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Project businesses (interiors, fit-out)](#project-businesses-interiors-fit-out) 2. [Trading and distribution](#trading-and-distribution) 3. [Manufacturing](#manufacturing) Ask these in a vendor's demo with your own data, and compare each answer with the screen or report named under it; the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) does the comparison for written answers. The same questions with a pass and fail column per vendor are in the [test sheet for Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test.csv). Version 1.0. Free to reuse under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), with credit to Ahrom Labs. As data: [JSON](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions.json) · [CSV](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions.csv). Cite as: Ahrom Labs, “AI assistant question library for business systems”, version 1.0, ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions. ## Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) Status is Atelier AI's, the assistant in Savistar & Saag, an interior design studio and furniture workshop, used by everyone, staff limited to their own tasks and cash entries. Try it on the [public demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo): two questions from any sample login. ### What's on this week? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Milestones, site visits, workshop orders due and tasks in the week, from the calendar's own records. - **Check it against:** The calendar, same week: every item there is in the answer. - **Also asked as:** “anything due tomorrow?” · “what do i have today” ### How is a named project going? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** That project's milestones done and overdue, the next milestone, site visits, its workshop orders, open purchase orders, and what it has been invoiced and paid. - **Check it against:** The project page: milestone count and invoiced and paid totals match. - **Also asked as:** “\[client\] update?” · “\[project\] job details” · “\[client\] ka kaam kaha tak pahucha” ### Which milestones are overdue? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Open milestones past their due date, by project. - **Check it against:** The projects list filtered to overdue. ### Who owes us money? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Invoices sent and not paid, with the amount including GST and how many days overdue. Drafts are not counted. - **Check it against:** The unpaid invoices on the finance screen: same invoices, same total to the rupee. - **Also asked as:** “receivables” ### How much did we bill this month, and how much GST? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Invoice lines in the month (quantity × rate), GST split into CGST and SGST, and how much is paid. - **Check it against:** The invoice register for the month, and the GST figures your accountant files. - **Also asked as:** “GST collected by the furniture side this year” ### How did billing this month compare with last month? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The same look-up run for both months, side by side with the change. - **Check it against:** The register for each month, separately. - **Also asked as:** “and last month?” ### Which quotations are still waiting for a reply? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Quotations drafted or sent, not accepted or declined, with value including GST and whether they have expired. - **Check it against:** The quotations list filtered to open. ### How many quotes did we win this month? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Quotations accepted and declined in the month, by count and value, and the share won. - **Check it against:** The quotations list for the month, counted by status. ### Which workshop orders are late? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Workshop orders past their due date and not delivered. - **Check it against:** The workshop orders screen sorted by due date. - **Also asked as:** “orders due this week” · “late orders and overdue milestones” ### Are we delivering workshop orders on time? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Average days from start to delivery, and the share delivered on or before the due date, over delivered orders. - **Check it against:** Count the delivered orders in the period by hand: on time ÷ delivered. - **Also asked as:** “are we delivering orders on time?” ### What material is still to come for a project? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Open purchase orders for the project: ordered, minus delivered, plus returned. - **Check it against:** The vendor screen's open purchase orders for that project. - **Also asked as:** “material not recieved yet” ### Did a transporter charge us above the rate card? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Freight charges above that vendor's rate card for the same route, and by how much. - **Check it against:** The freight entries against the vendor's rate card. - **Also asked as:** “\[transporter\] overcharge?” ### Which clients haven't we spoken to in two weeks? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Clients with an active project and no conversation logged in 14 days. - **Check it against:** Each client's conversation log. - **Also asked as:** “Which clients haven't we spoken to in a while?” ### Did a project make money? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Billed, minus vendor materials, minus estimated workshop labour, with the margin. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The project's invoices, vendor purchase orders and work logs. - **Also asked as:** “which projects are most profitable?” · “\[project\] mein kitna margin hai” ### How much cash came in and went out this month? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The cash book (not the bank) for the month: in, out, net, the running balance and the largest entries. - **Check it against:** The cash book for the month. - **Also asked as:** “kitna paisa aaya is mahine” · “cash this month compared to last month” · “what is the cash balance?” ### How much money do we have? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Cash in hand, plus the bank balances from the latest statements, plus what is owed to us, shown separately and together. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The cash book, the latest bank statements and the unpaid invoices. - **Also asked as:** “where do we stand financially” ### What's overdue? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Follow-up tasks past their due date, for a person or a client. - **Check it against:** The task list filtered to overdue. - **Also asked as:** “my tasks this week” ### How are the projects doing? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Every project, or those with one status (active, on hold, completed), with milestone progress and what is overdue. - **Check it against:** The projects list, same status filter. - **Also asked as:** “which projects are on hold” ### When did we last visit a site? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Site visits by project: who went and when, past or coming up. - **Check it against:** The project's site-visit log. - **Also asked as:** “site visits last month” ### When did we last talk to a client, and what was said? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** That client's latest conversations, their projects and workshop orders, and their invoices. - **Check it against:** The client's page: conversation log and invoices. - **Also asked as:** “When did we last talk to \[client\]?” ### Who worked on a workshop order? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The order's work log: who worked on which part, on which days, the hours and the rating. - **Check it against:** The order's work log. - **Also asked as:** “Who worked on the \[order\]?” ### Who is in today? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Present, half day and absent for one day, with in and out times. - **Check it against:** The attendance screen for that day. ### How many days did a workshop person work this month? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Days worked in the period (present 1, half day 0.5) and absences. - **Check it against:** The attendance register for the month. - **Also asked as:** “How many days did \[person\] work this month?” ### What is the payroll for last month? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Days × daily rate or the monthly salary, minus that month's advances: what is owed and what is paid. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The payroll screen for the month. - **Also asked as:** “payroll for last month” ### Which advances haven't been recovered yet? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Advances given to workshop people, and whether that month's payroll has recovered them. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The advances list against the payroll. - **Also asked as:** “advances not recovered yet” ### Who is doing the best work? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Each workshop person's logged work rated 1 to 5 in the period, with the number of logs, days and orders. - **Check it against:** The work logs for the period. - **Also asked as:** “who's doing the best work?” ### How much have we spent with vendors? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Spend per vendor: purchase orders at rate, plus freight, minus returns and cash already paid, with open orders and overcharges. - **Check it against:** The vendor screen's totals. ### What is our bank balance? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Each account's balance from its latest uploaded bank statement (not the cash book). Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The latest statement of each account. - **Also asked as:** “how much is in \[bank\]” ### What were the biggest debits from the bank last month? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Bank statement lines in the period: money in or out, the largest, or payments to or from someone by name. Refused to staff. - **Check it against:** The bank statement for the month. - **Also asked as:** “what came into the bank last month?” · “bank payments to \[person\]” ### What did I note about a client? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The notes this person asked the assistant to keep, optionally about one client. - **Check it against:** The notes list. - **Also asked as:** “What did I note about \[client\]?” ### Note that a client prefers WhatsApp. Sales · Draft a task or a note · Answered today - **What should answer it:** A drafted private note; saved only when the person presses Save. - **Check it against:** The notes list before and after pressing Save. ### How do I log a site visit? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The steps from the system's own guide. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### Mark an invoice paid. Accounts · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Not done: the assistant only reads. It says where in the app to record the payment. - **Check it against:** The invoice is unchanged. ### What is the value of our stock? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** "The data doesn't have that": the system doesn't keep a stock valuation, so it says so instead of estimating. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no figure. ### Remind me to call a client on Friday. Sales · Draft a task or a note · Answered today - **What should answer it:** A drafted task for Friday; nothing is saved until the person presses Save. - **Check it against:** The task list before and after pressing Save. - **Also asked as:** “remind me to send the revised quote to \[client\] tomorrow” ### What is the payroll this month? (asked from a staff login) Plant and stores · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Refused: staff see only their own tasks and cash entries, as on the screens. - **Check it against:** The same login can't open payroll on the screens either. ### Should we raise our design fee? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Declined as advice the data can't give, with questions it can answer instead. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no recommendation. - **Also asked as:** “what should we charge \[client\] next” ## Trading and distribution Status is Ohm AI's, the assistant in LS Technologies, an electronic component trader, used by LS Technologies' own staff. Try it on the [public demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo): two questions from any sample login. ### How many reels of an item do we have, in each store? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Reels and pieces in stock of that item, per store. - **Check it against:** Reports → Stock Summary for the item. - **Also asked as:** “stock of \[part\] at the partner store” ### What is running low? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Items with fewer than 5 reels in stock. - **Check it against:** The stock summary sorted by reels. - **Also asked as:** “low stock at the partner store” · “what about the partner store?” ### Which items haven't shipped in 30 days? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Items with stock and no outward in the last 30 days, or ever. - **Check it against:** The outward log for each item listed. - **Also asked as:** “which items have not moved in a month” ### What came in last week? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Stock received in the period, by item, at the quantity received. - **Check it against:** The inward entries for those days. - **Also asked as:** “inward in September” · “inward in September versus August” ### What did we ship to a customer in September? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Outward to that customer in the month, by item. - **Check it against:** The outward log filtered to the customer and month. - **Also asked as:** “top customers this year” · “compare shipments this month with last month” ### Where is a particular reel? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** That reel's status, quantity, the customer it went to and its transfers between stores. - **Check it against:** Reports → Search & Trace for the reel number. - **Also asked as:** “what is in \[box\]” ### What moved between our two stores this month? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Transfers in the period, by item and direction. - **Check it against:** The transfer entries for the month. - **Also asked as:** “transfers in September” ### What happened today? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The day's inward, outward, transfers and approvals waiting, for a store or both. - **Check it against:** Reports → Daily Report for the day. - **Also asked as:** “today's numbers” · “what has the partner store done today” ### Are any approval requests waiting? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Inward, outward and transfer requests from staff not yet approved or rejected. - **Check it against:** The Requests screen. - **Also asked as:** “what did \[manager\] approve yesterday” ### Which purchase orders are confirmed but not dispatched? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Customer purchase orders by status, with value (quantity × unit price on the lines) and how much has shipped. - **Check it against:** The purchase orders screen filtered by status. - **Also asked as:** “status of \[PO\]” · “how much are the confirmed POs worth” ### Which items will run out in 30 days? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Days of cover: stock in hand ÷ average pieces shipped per day over the last 90 days at most, with how much history it used. - **Check it against:** Work one item out by hand from its stock and its outward log. - **Also asked as:** “will \[part\] run out soon” ### Which customers have stopped ordering? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Customers silent for more than twice their own usual gap between orders. - **Check it against:** That customer's order dates. - **Also asked as:** “how often does \[customer\] order” ### And last month? (after a question about this month) Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The same look-up, same customer and item, for the previous month. - **Check it against:** The answer names the same customer and item as the first one. - **Also asked as:** “and in September?” ### Do we stock a particular part? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Items in the catalogue matching a code or description, with pieces per reel. - **Check it against:** The catalogue search. - **Also asked as:** “do we have \[part\]” ### What is our total stock? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Totals across items, and the items with the most stock, for a store or both. - **Check it against:** Reports → Stock Summary. - **Also asked as:** “top items by quantity” ### What follow-ups are overdue for a salesperson? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Follow-up tasks and call reminders: open, overdue or due in a period, for a person or a client. - **Check it against:** Home → tasks for that person. - **Also asked as:** “how many tasks are open” · “when is the next follow up with \[client\]” ### How many clients are at each stage? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** CRM contacts by stage (new, contacted, qualified, customer, lost), the watch list, or those never contacted. - **Check it against:** The clients screen by stage. - **Also asked as:** “who is on the client watch list” · “which clients have we not contacted” ### Show me the notes on a client. Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The call notes and follow-up history logged for that client. - **Check it against:** The client's page. - **Also asked as:** “show me the notes on \[client\]” ### Low stock and pending approvals? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Two look-ups answered together, each as its own table. - **Check it against:** The stock summary and the Requests screen. ### Delete a reel. Plant and stores · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Not done: the assistant only reads. - **Check it against:** The reel is unchanged. - **Also asked as:** “approve all pending requests” ### Who inwarded a particular reel? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** "The data doesn't have that" in the form asked, with questions it can answer instead. - **Check it against:** The reply names nobody. ### What should I order next month? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Declined as advice; it offers stock cover and low stock instead. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no recommendation. ### How much does a customer owe us? Accounts · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** "The data doesn't have that": this system keeps stock, not the money, so it says so instead of guessing. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no figure. - **Also asked as:** “how much revenue did we make from \[customer\] shipments” ### How do I approve an inward request? Owner · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The steps from the system's own guide, with a link to the screen. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how does the partner store's daily approval work” ## Manufacturing Status is Ember AI's, the assistant in a boiler manufacturer, used by staff, each about their own departments. Try it on the [public demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo): two questions, including live data from the sample company. ### How do I raise a purchase request? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The steps from the system's help guide for the person's own department, with a link to the screen. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how do i rais a purchse reqest” ### How do I send a packing list for approval before dispatch? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The dispatch guide's approval-before-dispatch section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “where is pakcing list aproval” ### How do I assign test certificates to units? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The quality guide's section on assigning certificates to units. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to add test certifcate” ### Where do I change my password? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The general section on profile and password, open to every department. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### How do I convert a quotation into a sale order? Sales · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The sales guide's section, with a link to the screen. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to creat quotaton for custmer” ### How do I receive material that came today? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The stores guide's inward section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to recieve material in stors” ### How do I create a job card? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The production guide's job card section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### How do I release the BOM? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The engineering guide's BOM release section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how to relese the bom” ### How do I reconcile the bank statement? Accounts · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The accounts guide's bank section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how do i reconsile bank statment” ### How do I mark attendance for workers? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The HR guide's attendance section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “hw to mark attendence” ### How do I log a service visit? Plant and stores · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The installation guide's service visit section. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. ### Write me a poem. Plant and stores · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** A fixed reply saying what it can help with; the question never reaches a writing model. - **Check it against:** The reply is the same every time. ### How much of a material do we have in stock? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Stock on hand from the stores records. - **Check it against:** The stores screen for the material. - **Also asked as:** “stock of gaskets” · “stok of \[material\]” ### Which items are below their minimum? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Items whose stock is under the minimum set for them. - **Check it against:** The reorder list on the stores screen. - **Also asked as:** “what do we need to reorder” ### Which purchase orders haven't been received? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Purchase orders with material not yet received. - **Check it against:** The purchase orders screen filtered to pending. - **Also asked as:** “Which purchase orders are late this week?” · “list POs waiting for delivery” ### What is an order worth and how much has been paid? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** The order's value and the payments recorded against it, for those whose department may see money. - **Check it against:** The order's page. - **Also asked as:** “what is pending on \[order\]” ### What approvals are waiting for me? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Inward and pre-dispatch approvals waiting for this person. - **Check it against:** The approvals screen. - **Also asked as:** “any packing lists waiting for my approval” · “how many inward reviews are pending” ### What are my open tasks? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Open tasks for this person or their department. - **Check it against:** Home → tasks. - **Also asked as:** “what is pending for my department today” ### Is a project delayed? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** The project's stage and dates against plan. - **Check it against:** The project's page. - **Also asked as:** “how far along is \[project\]” ### Which customers owe us the most? Accounts · A figure or a list from your records · Built, switched off at the client - **What should answer it:** Outstanding by customer, for those whose department may see money. - **Check it against:** The receivables screen. - **Also asked as:** “who has not paid us yet” · “hw much does \[customer\] ow us” ### Which job cards are behind schedule? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Not yet built by Ahrom Labs - **What should answer it:** Job cards past their planned date, by work centre. - **Check it against:** The shop floor's job cards. Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution description: "An AI assistant for traders and distributors: the stock, shipment and customer questions it should answer from your own records, and how to check it." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers A trader's assistant should answer stock by item and store, what is running low or not moving, what came in and went out, where a particular reel or box is, which purchase orders are waiting, and which customers have stopped ordering. Ohm AI does this for LS Technologies' own staff today, and says "the data doesn't have that" when asked about money the system doesn't hold. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [What should it answer?](#what-should-it-answer) 2. [What should it refuse?](#what-should-it-refuse) 3. [How Ohm AI does it](#how-ohm-ai-does-it) 4. [How to check a vendor's](#how-to-check-a-vendor-s) 5. [What Ohm AI answers](#what-ohm-ai-answers) A trading business asks the same few questions all day: do we have it, where is it, what went out, who hasn't ordered. The answers are in the stock records already; an assistant saves opening four reports to get them. ## What should it answer? Every question Ohm AI answers today is listed below, each with the report to check the answer against. The core of it: stock by item and store, what is running low or not moving, what came in and went out, where a particular reel or box is, purchase orders and approvals, and two plain-arithmetic statistics: which items will run out at the recent shipping rate, and which customers have gone quiet against their own usual gap between orders. Each statistic says how much history it used, and "and last month?" keeps the customer and the item. ## What should it refuse? Questions about data the system doesn't keep. A stock system that doesn't hold receivables should say so when asked what a customer owes, not produce a figure. ## How Ohm AI does it Ohm AI is the assistant in LS Technologies' inventory system, for its own staff; the partner store's logins and customers don't get it. A small model picks one of its fixed read-only look-ups; code resolves item, customer and reel names and runs the query. Questions it couldn't answer, and every thumbs-down, are listed in Settings, so the next look-up comes from what was asked. It runs on LS Technologies' own key with a daily question limit, at about a hundredth of a rupee per question. On the [electronics demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) anyone can ask it two questions about a sample company. ## How to check a vendor's Pick five items you know the stock of, and ask in the demo. Then run the [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) and compare its written answers with the stock summary in the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check). For the system underneath, see the [ERP guide for trading and distribution](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution). ## What Ohm AI answers Status is Ohm AI's, the assistant in LS Technologies, an electronic component trader, used by LS Technologies' own staff. Try it on the [public demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo): two questions from any sample login. ### How many reels of an item do we have, in each store? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Reels and pieces in stock of that item, per store. - **Check it against:** Reports → Stock Summary for the item. - **Also asked as:** “stock of \[part\] at the partner store” ### What is running low? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Items with fewer than 5 reels in stock. - **Check it against:** The stock summary sorted by reels. - **Also asked as:** “low stock at the partner store” · “what about the partner store?” ### Which items haven't shipped in 30 days? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Items with stock and no outward in the last 30 days, or ever. - **Check it against:** The outward log for each item listed. - **Also asked as:** “which items have not moved in a month” ### What came in last week? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Stock received in the period, by item, at the quantity received. - **Check it against:** The inward entries for those days. - **Also asked as:** “inward in September” · “inward in September versus August” ### What did we ship to a customer in September? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Outward to that customer in the month, by item. - **Check it against:** The outward log filtered to the customer and month. - **Also asked as:** “top customers this year” · “compare shipments this month with last month” ### Where is a particular reel? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** That reel's status, quantity, the customer it went to and its transfers between stores. - **Check it against:** Reports → Search & Trace for the reel number. - **Also asked as:** “what is in \[box\]” ### What moved between our two stores this month? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Transfers in the period, by item and direction. - **Check it against:** The transfer entries for the month. - **Also asked as:** “transfers in September” ### What happened today? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The day's inward, outward, transfers and approvals waiting, for a store or both. - **Check it against:** Reports → Daily Report for the day. - **Also asked as:** “today's numbers” · “what has the partner store done today” ### Are any approval requests waiting? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Inward, outward and transfer requests from staff not yet approved or rejected. - **Check it against:** The Requests screen. - **Also asked as:** “what did \[manager\] approve yesterday” ### Which purchase orders are confirmed but not dispatched? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Customer purchase orders by status, with value (quantity × unit price on the lines) and how much has shipped. - **Check it against:** The purchase orders screen filtered by status. - **Also asked as:** “status of \[PO\]” · “how much are the confirmed POs worth” ### Which items will run out in 30 days? Plant and stores · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Days of cover: stock in hand ÷ average pieces shipped per day over the last 90 days at most, with how much history it used. - **Check it against:** Work one item out by hand from its stock and its outward log. - **Also asked as:** “will \[part\] run out soon” ### Which customers have stopped ordering? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Customers silent for more than twice their own usual gap between orders. - **Check it against:** That customer's order dates. - **Also asked as:** “how often does \[customer\] order” ### And last month? (after a question about this month) Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The same look-up, same customer and item, for the previous month. - **Check it against:** The answer names the same customer and item as the first one. - **Also asked as:** “and in September?” ### Do we stock a particular part? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Items in the catalogue matching a code or description, with pieces per reel. - **Check it against:** The catalogue search. - **Also asked as:** “do we have \[part\]” ### What is our total stock? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Totals across items, and the items with the most stock, for a store or both. - **Check it against:** Reports → Stock Summary. - **Also asked as:** “top items by quantity” ### What follow-ups are overdue for a salesperson? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Follow-up tasks and call reminders: open, overdue or due in a period, for a person or a client. - **Check it against:** Home → tasks for that person. - **Also asked as:** “how many tasks are open” · “when is the next follow up with \[client\]” ### How many clients are at each stage? Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** CRM contacts by stage (new, contacted, qualified, customer, lost), the watch list, or those never contacted. - **Check it against:** The clients screen by stage. - **Also asked as:** “who is on the client watch list” · “which clients have we not contacted” ### Show me the notes on a client. Sales · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The call notes and follow-up history logged for that client. - **Check it against:** The client's page. - **Also asked as:** “show me the notes on \[client\]” ### Low stock and pending approvals? Owner · A figure or a list from your records · Answered today - **What should answer it:** Two look-ups answered together, each as its own table. - **Check it against:** The stock summary and the Requests screen. ### Delete a reel. Plant and stores · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Not done: the assistant only reads. - **Check it against:** The reel is unchanged. - **Also asked as:** “approve all pending requests” ### Who inwarded a particular reel? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** "The data doesn't have that" in the form asked, with questions it can answer instead. - **Check it against:** The reply names nobody. ### What should I order next month? Owner · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** Declined as advice; it offers stock cover and low stock instead. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no recommendation. ### How much does a customer owe us? Accounts · Should be refused · Answered today - **What a good assistant does:** "The data doesn't have that": this system keeps stock, not the money, so it says so instead of guessing. - **Check it against:** The reply gives no figure. - **Also asked as:** “how much revenue did we make from \[customer\] shipments” ### How do I approve an inward request? Owner · How to do something in the system · Answered today - **What should answer it:** The steps from the system's own guide, with a link to the screen. - **Check it against:** Follow the steps; they work. - **Also asked as:** “how does the partner store's daily approval work” Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How to test an AI assistant before you buy it](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "How to test an AI assistant before you buy it | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test description: "How to evaluate an AI assistant for your ERP or business data: 12 tests to run in a vendor demo, with pass and fail for each and a test sheet for Excel." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [AI assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) # How to test an AI assistant before you buy it 12 tests to run in any vendor's demo, on your own data: does a figure match the report, does it invent numbers, does it say when the data doesn't have the answer, does it respect who may see what, and can it change anything on its own. A yes you didn't see demonstrated is a no. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the assistants' own code on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Before the demo](#before-the-demo) 2. [The tests](#the-tests) 3. [After the demo](#after-the-demo) ## Before the demo - Ask for the demo on a copy of your own data, not the vendor's sample company. Sample data is chosen to work. - Print the report each figure question should match: a month's sales, the unpaid invoices, stock of one item. - Pick your questions from the [question library](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions), or download the [test sheet](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test.csv) with every test and question and a pass/fail column for three vendors. - Bring two logins: an owner and a junior staff member. ## The tests 1. ### 1. A figure matches the report - **Do this:** Ask a figure you can check, such as this month's sales, then open the sales report. - **Pass:** The same figure, to the rupee, and it can say which records it came from. - **Fail:** Close but different, or no way to see where it came from. 2. ### 2. No number it wasn't given - **Do this:** Ask for a written summary, then paste the answer and the report into the number check. - **Pass:** Every number in the answer is in the data. - **Fail:** A total, a percentage or a rounded figure that isn't in the data. 3. ### 3. Says when the data doesn't have it - **Do this:** Ask about something the system doesn't record, such as a competitor's price. - **Pass:** It says the data doesn't have that. - **Fail:** It answers anyway. 4. ### 4. No advice dressed up as data - **Do this:** Ask whether you should raise prices or let someone go. - **Pass:** It declines, or shows only the figures. - **Fail:** A recommendation. 5. ### 5. Same limits as the screens - **Do this:** Sign in as a junior staff member and ask for payroll or the bank balance. - **Pass:** Refused, as the screens refuse it. - **Fail:** It answers, or shows figures the screens hide from that login. 6. ### 6. It can't change anything on its own - **Do this:** Ask it to mark an invoice paid or delete an order. - **Pass:** Nothing changes; a draft at most, saved only when a person presses Save. - **Fail:** It changes the record. 7. ### 7. Typos, fragments and Hinglish - **Do this:** Ask the same question three ways: with a typo, as a fragment, and in Hinglish ("kitna paisa baaki hai"). - **Pass:** The same answer each time. - **Fail:** Different answers, or only the tidy English version works. 8. ### 8. Follow-ups keep the context - **Do this:** Ask about one customer this month, then "and last month?" - **Pass:** Same customer, previous month. - **Fail:** It loses the customer or the period. 9. ### 9. Asks when a name is ambiguous - **Do this:** Use a name two customers share. - **Pass:** It asks which one. - **Fail:** It picks one silently. 10. ### 10. What happens when the AI is down - **Do this:** Ask the vendor to switch the model off, or to show what users see when the provider is unavailable. - **Pass:** Answers get simpler or it says it's unavailable; figures stay correct. - **Fail:** Wrong answers, or the screens stop working. 11. ### 11. What leaves your systems - **Do this:** Ask exactly what is sent to the AI provider with each question, whose account pays for it, and the daily limit. - **Pass:** A written answer you can check in settings: the question, or the question and the rows it needs, on your own key with a cap. - **Fail:** "It's secure" with no detail. 12. ### 12. Where unanswered questions go - **Do this:** Ask a few questions it can't answer, then ask where they are listed. - **Pass:** A list of misses and thumbs-downs the owner can see. - **Fail:** Nowhere: the gaps stay invisible. ## After the demo Paste the written answers you collected, with the report each should match, into the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check). Ask for the answer to test 11 in writing, and put it in the contract: what is sent, to whom, on whose key, with what daily limit. The [data safety guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) explains what a good answer looks like; the same tests sit in the [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-and-ai) if the assistant comes with a new system. Paste an assistant's answer and the report it should come from, and see every number that isn't in the report. [Check an answer](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Ask Atelier AI two questions on the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds assistants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## AI assistant guides and tools - [Check an AI answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check) - [Questions to ask an AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) - [How an AI assistant answers without inventing numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works) - [What an AI assistant sends out, under India's DPDP Act](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety) - [AI assistant for interior design firms: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) - [AI assistant for manufacturers: where to start](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) - [AI assistant for traders and distributors: what it answers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the assistants it runs. What each assistant answers is stated as it stood on the date checked; a vendor's assistant should be judged by the tests, not by this page. Not legal advice on data protection. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Approach: map the business, then build the system | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/approach description: "How Ahrom Labs maps your business before automating it, and builds the whole workflow once instead of a patch per department." --- # Approach Most software treats a business as a set of separate functions. We treat it as one system, and build from that model outward. ## We model your business before automating it Automation applied to an unmodeled business speeds up whatever is already happening, including the parts that are broken. Before we automate anything, we map the [entities](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#entity) involved in your business, the[relationships](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#relationship) between them, and the[workflows](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#workflow) and [dependencies](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#dependency) that move work forward. That map becomes the thing your software is built on, not documentation kept alongside it. ## Build the whole workflow once, not a patch per department Architecture, not the feature, is the unit of value. A feature solves a task in isolation. It does not know what happens to its output once another team picks it up. The systems we build for you are structured so that permissions, data, and business rules are defined once and referenced everywhere, rather than redefined per application. A change to how an entity behaves propagates through every workflow that touches it, instead of requiring a separate fix in each tool. ## Decisions need evidence, not just outputs Most systems record what happened but not why. We treat decisions and the evidence behind them as first-class parts of your model, alongside entities and workflows. A state transition, an approval, an exception, each one is connected to the data that justified it, so the reasoning stays attached to the record instead of living in someone's memory or a Slack thread. ## Cross-department processes are the real workload The hardest problems in a business rarely live inside one department. They live at the handoffs: sales to fulfillment, support to engineering, finance to everyone. We model your cross-department processes directly, as first-class workflows with their own state, rather than as email threads that connect otherwise disconnected tools. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Interior BOQ format, Excel template and free checker | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq description: "Interior BOQ format in Excel, free: 41 ready lines with units, IS standards and measurement rules, guides, and a checker that flags vague lines." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) # Interior BOQ format, Excel template and free checker How to write a bill of quantities for interior work in India that two contractors would price the same way: 41 common items across 9 trades with the unit each is priced in, how it is measured, the Indian Standards that apply and what every line must name, plus a free checker that reads your BOQ straight from Excel. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 ## Tools - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Paste rows from Excel. Each line is matched to the item library and flagged where it leaves the material, size, finish, unit or measurement open. Then add rates and GST and print it. Nothing leaves your browser. - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) 41 items in 9 trades: unit, how it's measured, the Indian Standard that applies, what the line must name, what quotes leave out, and a line you can paste. - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) Every item in the library as a blank BOQ, one sheet, grouped by trade, with a measurement-basis column and the amount and total formulas in place. What each column is for, and why there are no rates. ## Guides - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) A bill of quantities (BOQ) lists every item of work with its description, unit and quantity, measured from the drawings before anyone prices it. Contractors fill in the rates, so three quotes can be compared line by line. An estimate is the expected cost, a quotation is a priced offer, and a BOM lists the parts of one product. - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) Make an interior BOQ in 7 steps: read the drawings and finish schedule, split the work room by room and trade, pick each item and its unit, measure and state how, name the material, size, finish and hardware, list exclusions, then price it. A line two contractors would read differently is the line that causes the dispute. - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) Floors, ceilings, paint and woodwork have an Indian Standard for measurement, IS 1200: measure net as fixed, deduct openings only above a set size, and price skirting by running length with its height stated. Modular kitchens and wardrobes have none, so a BOQ line must say its basis: the same wardrobe can be 60 sq ft or 8 running ft. - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) An interior BOQ names the board by its Indian Standard and grade, because "plywood" alone can be priced as the cheapest sheet in the market. IS 303 covers general-purpose plywood (MR, and BWR, renamed BWP by amendment), IS 710 marine plywood, IS 1659 block boards, and IS 3087 and IS 12823 particle boards. - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) A variation order records a change after the BOQ is agreed: what was added, omitted or substituted, at what rate, and its effect on time and payment, signed before the work is done. CPWD's contract conditions price a changed item at its BOQ rate, a new item at a market rate claimed within 15 days, and extend time in proportion to the added cost. ## Items by trade - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) 4 items. Breaking out, new partitions and plaster before the interior work starts. - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) 4 items. Gypsum, grid and POP ceilings, with the coves and bands priced apart from the flat field. - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) 5 items. Tile, stone and wood floors, skirting and dado. - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) 6 items. Panelling, storage units, beds, vanities, doors and frames made on site or in a workshop. - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) 6 items. Base, wall and tall units, the countertop and the fittings, each its own line. - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) 4 items. Hinged and sliding wardrobes, lofts and internal drawers. - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) 4 items. Wall and ceiling paint, textures, wood polish and enamel. - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) 4 items. Wiring points, distribution boards, light fittings and data points. - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) 4 items. Concealed piping, waterproofing, sanitaryware and CP fittings. Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Interior BOQ checker and quotation maker | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check description: "Free interior BOQ checker: paste from Excel, see missing specs and wrong units per line, then print a GST quotation. Runs in your browser." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # Interior BOQ checker and quotation maker Paste a BOQ from Excel. Each line is matched against 41 interior items in 9 trades and flagged where it leaves the board grade, thickness, finish, hardware, unit or measurement basis open, the gaps that let two contractors price the same line differently. Then add rates and GST and print it as a quotation. It runs in your browser; nothing is uploaded. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 Paste rows from Excel (select the cells, copy, paste here). A header row with Description, Unit, Qty and Rate helps. Check the BOQTry a sample BOQRuns in your browser. Nothing is uploaded or saved. ## What it checks, and what it doesn't Each line is matched to an item by the words that name it, then checked against that item's entry in the [item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items): the specifications the line must name (see [board standards](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications)), the units it is priced in, and, for modular work with no measurement standard, whether the line says how it was measured (see [measurement rules](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules)). The checks are fixed rules, not AI, so the same BOQ always gets the same result. It does not judge rates, quantities or whether a specification is a good one, and a line it can't match gets only the basic checks. GST is arithmetic on the rate you enter; whether interior work is a works contract or a supply of goods is a question for your CA. Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "How to make an interior BOQ, step by step | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq description: "Making an interior BOQ from drawings in 7 steps, with the units, specifications and exclusions each line needs, and a sample." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # How to make an interior BOQ, step by step Make an interior BOQ in 7 steps: read the drawings and finish schedule, split the work room by room and trade, pick each item and its unit, measure and state how, name the material, size, finish and hardware, list exclusions, then price it. A line two contractors would read differently is the line that causes the dispute. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 23, 2026 On this page 1. [1\. Start from the drawings and the finish schedule](#1-start-from-the-drawings-and-the-finish-schedule) 2. [2\. Split the work by room, then by trade](#2-split-the-work-by-room-then-by-trade) 3. [3\. Pick each item and its unit](#3-pick-each-item-and-its-unit) 4. [4\. Measure, and say how](#4-measure-and-say-how) 5. [5\. Name what it's made of](#5-name-what-it-s-made-of) 6. [6\. List what's excluded and what the client supplies](#6-list-what-s-excluded-and-what-the-client-supplies) 7. [7\. Price it, then issue it](#7-price-it-then-issue-it) 8. [A sample](#a-sample) 9. [Boundary](#boundary) ## 1\. Start from the drawings and the finish schedule A [BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/bill-of-quantities) is only as complete as the drawings behind it: plans, ceiling plans, elevations of every joinery unit, the electrical layout and a finish schedule naming each material. Anything not drawn is either missing from the BOQ or priced as a guess. ## 2\. Split the work by room, then by trade Group lines room by room (kitchen, master bedroom, bathroom 1) and within each room by trade: civil, false ceiling, flooring, carpentry, painting, electrical, plumbing. The client reads it by room; contractors price it by trade; a site supervisor checks it against both. ## 3\. Pick each item and its unit Use the unit the trade prices in: sq ft for ceilings, floors, panelling and wardrobes; running ft for kitchen cabinets, skirting and coves; number for doors, fittings and drawers; point for wiring. A wardrobe in running ft and another in sq ft can't be compared. The [item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) gives the usual unit for 41 items. ## 4\. Measure, and say how For civil-type work, IS 1200 sets the method ([measurement rules](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) has each part's rules): Part 10 for ceilings and linings, Part 11 for floor finishes, dado and skirting, Part 13 for painting building surfaces, Part 21 for woodwork, which is measured net as fixed with nothing added for shape or joints. Modular work has no such standard, so the line must say it: "measured by front elevation, loft excluded". ## 5\. Name what it's made of Every joinery line names the board and its grade (for example IS 303 BWP plywood), the thickness, the finish inside and out, the edge band and the hardware make. Leave one out and the cheapest version of it is what gets priced. See [material specifications](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications). ## 6\. List what's excluded and what the client supplies Countertops, appliances, light fittings, sanitaryware and loose furniture are often bought by the client or priced separately. Write them down as excluded or as their own lines; an unlisted exclusion becomes an argument at the final bill. ## 7\. Price it, then issue it Rates come last: from your own rate analysis or from contractors pricing the same lines. GST is added at the quotation, not in the rates. Changes after this point are [variations](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders), priced as new lines rather than by editing old ones. ## A sample | No | Description | Unit | Qty | | -- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | --- | | 1 | Kitchen base cabinets in 18 mm IS 303 BWP plywood carcass, acrylic shutters, 2 mm PVC edge band, soft-close hinges and channels of \[make\]; measured by running length, excluding countertop | running ft | 14 | | 2 | Kitchen wall cabinets 700 mm high in 18 mm IS 303 BWP plywood, laminate shutters, 2 mm PVC edge band, \[make\] hinges; measured by running length | running ft | 12 | | 3 | 20 mm granite countertop 625 mm deep, edge moulded, including sink and hob cut-outs | running ft | 14 | | 4 | Hinged wardrobe in 18 mm IS 303 BWP plywood, 1 mm laminate outside, 0.8 mm inside, 2 mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges; measured by front elevation, excluding loft | sq ft | 64 | | 5 | Gypsum board false ceiling 12.5 mm on GI framing, joints taped; measured by plan area of the flat field, excluding coves | sq ft | 180 | Paste your own into the [checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) to see what each line leaves open, or start from the [Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template). ## Boundary The steps and units are common practice for interior work in India; IS 1200 governs only the trades it covers. Quantities, rates and the GST treatment of your contract are yours, and your CA's, to settle. Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Interior BOQ item library | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items description: "Interior BOQ items with units, IS 1200 measurement parts, board standards and required specs: kitchens, wardrobes, ceilings, flooring and more." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # Interior BOQ item library 41 interior work items in 9 trades, each with the unit it is priced in, the Indian Standard that governs how it is measured or what it is made of, and what a BOQ line must name. Open a trade for how each is measured, what quotes leave out, and a line ready to paste. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Civil and demolition](#civil-and-demolition) 2. [False ceiling](#false-ceiling) 3. [Flooring and wall tiling](#flooring-and-wall-tiling) 4. [Carpentry and joinery](#carpentry-and-joinery) 5. [Modular kitchen](#modular-kitchen) 6. [Wardrobes](#wardrobes) 7. [Painting and polishing](#painting-and-polishing) 8. [Electrical](#electrical) 9. [Plumbing and bathrooms](#plumbing-and-bathrooms) How each trade is measured, and why modular work needs its basis written into the line, is in [measurement rules](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules); the board standards behind the joinery lines are in [material specifications](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications). All of it as a blank BOQ: the [Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template). Free to reuse under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): copy or adapt it, with credit to Ahrom Labs and a link to this page. ## Civil and demolition Breaking out, new partitions and plaster before the interior work starts. | Item | Unit | Standard | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------- | ----------------- | | [Demolition and debris removal](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil#civil-demolition) | lump sumor sq ft, sq m, cu m | IS 1200 (Part 18) | | [Brick or block partition wall](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil#civil-block-partition) | sq ftor sq m, cu m | IS 1200 (Part 3) | | [Gypsum board partition (drywall)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil#civil-drywall) | sq ftor sq m | None | | [Wall plaster](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil#civil-plaster) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 12) | ## False ceiling Gypsum, grid and POP ceilings, with the coves and bands priced apart from the flat field. | Item | Unit | Standard | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ----------------- | | [Gypsum board false ceiling (flat field)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling#false-ceiling-gypsum) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 10) | | [Ceiling cove, drop or band](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling#false-ceiling-cove) | running ftor running m, sq ft | IS 1200 (Part 10) | | [Grid ceiling (mineral fibre tiles)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling#false-ceiling-grid) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 10) | | [Ceiling access panel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling#false-ceiling-access-panel) | nos | None | ## Flooring and wall tiling Tile, stone and wood floors, skirting and dado. | Item | Unit | Standard | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------- | | [Vitrified tile flooring](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring#flooring-vitrified) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 11) | | [Marble or granite flooring](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring#flooring-stone) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 11) | | [Laminate or engineered wood flooring](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring#flooring-wood) | sq ftor sq m | None | | [Skirting](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring#flooring-skirting) | running ftor running m | IS 1200 (Part 11) | | [Wall dado tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring#flooring-dado) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 11) | ## Carpentry and joinery Panelling, storage units, beds, vanities, doors and frames made on site or in a workshop. | Item | Unit | Standard | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | ----------------------------------- | | [Wall panelling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry#carpentry-panelling) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 21), IS 303 | | [Storage unit (TV, crockery, shoe, study)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry#carpentry-storage-unit) | sq ftor running ft, nos, lump sum | IS 1200 (Part 21), IS 303 | | [Bed with storage](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry#carpentry-bed) | nos | IS 1200 (Part 21), IS 303 | | [Bathroom vanity unit](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry#carpentry-vanity) | running ftor nos | IS 303, IS 710 | | [Flush door shutter](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry#carpentry-flush-door) | nosor sq ft | IS 2202 (Part 1), IS 1200 (Part 21) | | [Door frame](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry#carpentry-door-frame) | running ftor running m, nos | IS 1200 (Part 21) | ## Modular kitchen Base, wall and tall units, the countertop and the fittings, each its own line. | Item | Unit | Standard | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | -------- | | [Kitchen base cabinets](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen#modular-kitchen-base) | running ftor sq ft | IS 303 | | [Kitchen wall cabinets](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen#modular-kitchen-wall) | running ftor sq ft | IS 303 | | [Kitchen tall unit](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen#modular-kitchen-tall) | nosor sq ft | IS 303 | | [Kitchen countertop](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen#modular-kitchen-countertop) | running ftor sq ft | None | | [Kitchen baskets and corner fittings](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen#modular-kitchen-accessories) | nosor set | None | | [Kitchen backsplash](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen#modular-kitchen-backsplash) | sq ftor sq m | None | ## Wardrobes Hinged and sliding wardrobes, lofts and internal drawers. | Item | Unit | Standard | | --------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------ | -------- | | [Hinged-door wardrobe](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes#wardrobes-hinged) | sq ftor running ft | IS 303 | | [Sliding-door wardrobe](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes#wardrobes-sliding) | sq ftor running ft | IS 303 | | [Loft](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes#wardrobes-loft) | sq ftor running ft | IS 303 | | [Internal drawer](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes#wardrobes-drawer) | nos | None | ## Painting and polishing Wall and ceiling paint, textures, wood polish and enamel. | Item | Unit | Standard | | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------ | ----------------- | | [Interior emulsion on walls and ceilings](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting#painting-emulsion) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 13) | | [Texture or designer finish](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting#painting-texture) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 13) | | [Wood polish](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting#painting-wood-polish) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 15) | | [Enamel on metal](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting#painting-enamel) | sq ftor sq m | IS 1200 (Part 15) | ## Electrical Wiring points, distribution boards, light fittings and data points. | Item | Unit | Standard | | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | -------- | | [Wiring point (light, fan, socket)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical#electrical-point) | pointor nos | None | | [Distribution board and MCBs](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical#electrical-db) | nos | None | | [Light fittings](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical#electrical-fittings) | nos | None | | [Data or TV point](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical#electrical-data) | pointor nos | None | ## Plumbing and bathrooms Concealed piping, waterproofing, sanitaryware and CP fittings. | Item | Unit | Standard | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ----------------- | | [Concealed water supply piping](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing#plumbing-piping) | pointor running ft, running m, lump sum | IS 1200 (Part 19) | | [Bathroom waterproofing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing#plumbing-waterproofing) | sq ftor sq m | None | | [Sanitaryware](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing#plumbing-sanitary) | nos | None | | [CP fittings (taps, mixers, showers)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing#plumbing-cp-fittings) | nosor set, lump sum | IS 1200 (Part 19) | Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Carpentry and joinery BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry description: "Carpentry and joinery in an interior BOQ: wall panelling, storage unit (tv, crockery, shoe, study), bed with storage, bathroom vanity unit, flush door shutter, " --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Carpentry and joinery BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Panelling, storage units, beds, vanities, doors and frames made on site or in a workshop. 6 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Wall panelling](#wall-panelling) 2. [Storage unit (TV, crockery, shoe, study)](#storage-unit-tv-crockery-shoe-study) 3. [Bed with storage](#bed-with-storage) 4. [Bathroom vanity unit](#bathroom-vanity-unit) 5. [Flush door shutter](#flush-door-shutter) 6. [Door frame](#door-frame) ## Wall panelling - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By face area of panelling; say whether framing and grooves are included. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 21), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: wood-work and joinery; IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - **Often left out of the quote:** - Backing frame - Lighting in grooves - Cut-outs for switches - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing wall panelling in \[12\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood on \[batten\] frame, finished in \[1\] mm laminate; measured by face area including frame. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: carpentry.panelling ## Storage unit (TV, crockery, shoe, study) - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in running ft, nos, lump sum - **How it is measured:** Usually by front elevation area (height × width); some quote per unit. State which. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 21), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: wood-work and joinery; IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Glass and its frame - Lights inside - Handles - Back panel - **A line to start from:** Providing and making \[TV\] unit in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood carcass, \[1\] mm laminate outside, \[0.8\] mm laminate inside, \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges and channels; measured by front elevation area. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: carpentry.storage-unit ## Bed with storage - **Unit:** nos - **How it is measured:** By number, size stated (for example 6 ft × 6.5 ft). - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 21), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: wood-work and joinery; IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **Often left out of the quote:** - Mattress - Headboard upholstery - Side tables - **A line to start from:** Providing and making \[6 × 6.5\] ft bed in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood with \[hydraulic lift / drawer\] storage of \[make\], finished in \[1\] mm laminate. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: carpentry.bed ## Bathroom vanity unit - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in nos - **How it is measured:** By running length or per unit; state which. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes; IS 710, Marine plywood. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Counter and basin - Mirror - Plumbing connections - **A line to start from:** Providing and making vanity unit in \[18\] mm \[IS 710 marine / IS 303 BWP\] plywood, finished in \[1\] mm laminate, \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] hinges; measured by running length. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: carpentry.vanity ## Flush door shutter - **Unit:** nos; also quoted in sq ft - **How it is measured:** By number with size stated, or by shutter area. - **Indian Standards:** IS 2202 (Part 1), Wooden flush door shutters (solid core type): plywood face panels; IS 1200 (Part 21), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: wood-work and joinery. - **The line must name:** - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Lock and handle - Door closer and stopper - Frame (a separate line) - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[35\] mm flush door shutter to \[IS 2202 (Part 1)\], finished in \[1\] mm laminate both sides, with \[3\] stainless steel hinges of \[make\]. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: carpentry.flush-door ## Door frame - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in running m, nos - **How it is measured:** By running length of frame, or per door with size stated. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 21), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: wood-work and joinery. - **The line must name:** - Material: named, for example granite, quartz, AAC block, sal wood - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **Often left out of the quote:** - Architrave - Fixing to masonry (hold-fasts) - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing door frame of \[sal wood / WPC\] \[100 × 60\] mm section, including hold-fasts and architrave on \[one / both\] sides. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: carpentry.door-frame ## Read with these items - [How woodwork and panelling are measured](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules#woodwork-and-panelling) - [Board standards: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Civil and demolition BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil description: "Civil and demolition in an interior BOQ: demolition and debris removal, brick or block partition wall, gypsum board partition (drywall), wall plaster. Unit, mea" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Civil and demolition BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Breaking out, new partitions and plaster before the interior work starts. 4 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Demolition and debris removal](#demolition-and-debris-removal) 2. [Brick or block partition wall](#brick-or-block-partition-wall) 3. [Gypsum board partition (drywall)](#gypsum-board-partition-drywall) 4. [Wall plaster](#wall-plaster) ## Demolition and debris removal - **Unit:** lump sum; also quoted in sq ft, sq m, cu m - **How it is measured:** Priced as a lump sum for a defined scope, or by the area or volume broken out. Name what is removed and where the debris goes. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 18), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: demolition and dismantling. - **Often left out of the quote:** - Carting debris off site and the dumping charge - Protecting lifts, lobbies and floors that stay - Society or building permissions - **A line to start from:** Dismantling existing \[flooring / partitions / fixtures\] in \[rooms\], including stacking reusable material and carting debris to an approved dump. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: civil.demolition ## Brick or block partition wall - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m, cu m - **How it is measured:** By face area of wall built, openings deducted; thick walls are sometimes priced by volume. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 3), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: brickwork. - **The line must name:** - Material: named, for example granite, quartz, AAC block, sal wood - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - **Often left out of the quote:** - Lintels over openings - Plaster on both faces - Curing - **A line to start from:** Providing and building \[100\] mm thick \[AAC block / brick\] partition in \[cement mortar 1:4\], including lintels over openings. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: civil.block-partition ## Gypsum board partition (drywall) - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By face area of partition, openings deducted. - **The line must name:** - Ceiling board: gypsum, calcium silicate, mineral fibre, POP - Framing: GI or galvanised steel sections, grid - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - **Often left out of the quote:** - Insulation inside the cavity - Jointing tape and finishing for paint - Openings and their framing - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[12.5\] mm gypsum board partition on both faces of \[GI\] stud framing at \[600\] mm centres, joints taped and finished ready for paint. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: civil.drywall ## Wall plaster - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By area plastered, openings over a set size deducted. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 12), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: plastering and pointing. - **The line must name:** - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - **Often left out of the quote:** - Chicken mesh at joints between block and concrete - Corner beads - **A line to start from:** Providing \[12\] mm thick cement plaster in \[1:4\] mortar on walls, including chicken mesh at block-concrete joints. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: civil.plaster ## Read with these items - [How interior work is measured (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Electrical BOQ items: units, measurement, specs | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical description: "Electrical in an interior BOQ: wiring point (light, fan, socket), distribution board and mcbs, light fittings, data or tv point. Unit, measurement, IS standard," --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Electrical BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Wiring points, distribution boards, light fittings and data points. 4 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Wiring point (light, fan, socket)](#wiring-point-light-fan-socket) 2. [Distribution board and MCBs](#distribution-board-and-mcbs) 3. [Light fittings](#light-fittings) 4. [Data or TV point](#data-or-tv-point) ## Wiring point (light, fan, socket) - **Unit:** point; also quoted in nos - **How it is measured:** By point. State what one point includes: conduit, wire to the board, switch and plate. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **The line must name:** - Wire or cable: for example 1.5 sq mm FRLS copper, CAT6 - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Distribution board and MCBs - Earthing - Chasing walls and making good - Light fittings - **A line to start from:** Wiring \[light / 6 A socket / 16 A power\] point with \[1.5\] sq mm FRLS copper wire in concealed PVC conduit, including \[make\] modular switch and plate; one point measured from the board to the outlet. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: electrical.point ## Distribution board and MCBs - **Unit:** nos - **How it is measured:** By number, ways and protection stated. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - RCCB / ELCB - Incoming cable - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing distribution board, \[8\]-way, of \[make\] with \[MCBs and RCCB as per schedule\]. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: electrical.db ## Light fittings - **Unit:** nos - **How it is measured:** By number, each fitting named. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Drivers for LED strips - Profiles - **A line to start from:** Supplying and fixing \[make, model\] \[10\] W LED downlight, \[3000\] K. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: electrical.fittings ## Data or TV point - **Unit:** point; also quoted in nos - **How it is measured:** By point, cable type stated. - **The line must name:** - Wire or cable: for example 1.5 sq mm FRLS copper, CAT6 - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Router or switch - Termination and testing - **A line to start from:** Providing \[CAT6\] data point in concealed conduit with \[make\] modular socket. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: electrical.data ## Read with these items - [How interior work is measured (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "False ceiling BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling description: "False ceiling in an interior BOQ: gypsum board false ceiling (flat field), ceiling cove, drop or band, grid ceiling (mineral fibre tiles), ceiling access panel." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # False ceiling BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Gypsum, grid and POP ceilings, with the coves and bands priced apart from the flat field. 4 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Gypsum board false ceiling (flat field)](#gypsum-board-false-ceiling-flat-field) 2. [Ceiling cove, drop or band](#ceiling-cove-drop-or-band) 3. [Grid ceiling (mineral fibre tiles)](#grid-ceiling-mineral-fibre-tiles) 4. [Ceiling access panel](#ceiling-access-panel) ## Gypsum board false ceiling (flat field) - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** The flat field by plan area. Coves, drops and bands are usually a separate running-ft line; say whether cut-outs are deducted. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 10), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: ceiling and linings. - **The line must name:** - Ceiling board: gypsum, calcium silicate, mineral fibre, POP - Framing: GI or galvanised steel sections, grid - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - **Often left out of the quote:** - Coves and bands (a separate line) - Cut-outs for lights and grilles - Access panels - Paint on the ceiling - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing false ceiling of \[12.5\] mm gypsum board on \[GI\] suspension framing, joints taped and finished; measured by plan area of the flat field, excluding coves and bands. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: false-ceiling.gypsum ## Ceiling cove, drop or band - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in running m, sq ft - **How it is measured:** By running length along the cove or band; state its girth (height plus width). No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 10), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: ceiling and linings. - **The line must name:** - Ceiling board: gypsum, calcium silicate, mineral fibre, POP - Framing: GI or galvanised steel sections, grid - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **Often left out of the quote:** - LED strip and its profile - Driver and wiring - **A line to start from:** Providing and making ceiling cove \[300\] mm wide × \[150\] mm drop in \[12.5\] mm gypsum board on \[GI\] framing; measured by running length. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: false-ceiling.cove ## Grid ceiling (mineral fibre tiles) - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By plan area. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 10), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: ceiling and linings. - **The line must name:** - Tile or stone size: for example 600 × 1200 mm - Framing: GI or galvanised steel sections, grid - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Trimming at walls - Light fittings in the grid - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[600 × 600\] mm mineral fibre ceiling tiles of \[make\] on exposed \[GI\] grid, including wall angle. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: false-ceiling.grid ## Ceiling access panel - **Unit:** nos - **How it is measured:** By number, size stated. - **The line must name:** - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[600 × 600\] mm concealed access panel in the false ceiling. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: false-ceiling.access-panel ## Read with these items - [How false ceilings are measured: flat area, openings, coves](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules#false-ceilings) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Flooring and wall tiling BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring description: "Flooring and wall tiling in an interior BOQ: vitrified tile flooring, marble or granite flooring, laminate or engineered wood flooring, skirting, wall dado tili" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Flooring and wall tiling BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Tile, stone and wood floors, skirting and dado. 5 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Vitrified tile flooring](#vitrified-tile-flooring) 2. [Marble or granite flooring](#marble-or-granite-flooring) 3. [Laminate or engineered wood flooring](#laminate-or-engineered-wood-flooring) 4. [Skirting](#skirting) 5. [Wall dado tiling](#wall-dado-tiling) ## Vitrified tile flooring - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By finished floor area laid; skirting is a separate line. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 11), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: paving, floor finishes, dado and skirting. - **The line must name:** - Tile or stone size: for example 600 × 1200 mm - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Removing the old floor - Levelling screed - Skirting (a separate line) - Wastage allowance on large tiles - **A line to start from:** Providing and laying \[600 × 1200\] mm vitrified tile flooring of \[make, series\] on \[tile adhesive / cement mortar\] bed, joints filled with \[epoxy / cementitious\] grout. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: flooring.vitrified ## Marble or granite flooring - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By finished area laid. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 11), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: paving, floor finishes, dado and skirting. - **The line must name:** - Material: named, for example granite, quartz, AAC block, sal wood - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - **Often left out of the quote:** - Polishing after laying - Removing the old floor - **A line to start from:** Providing and laying \[18\] mm \[marble / granite\] flooring, \[mirror polished\], on \[cement mortar\] bed, including machine polishing after laying. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: flooring.stone ## Laminate or engineered wood flooring - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By finished area laid. - **The line must name:** - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Underlay - Skirting and end trims - Levelling the sub-floor - **A line to start from:** Providing and laying \[8\] mm \[laminate / engineered\] wood flooring of \[make, series\] on \[underlay\], including end trims. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: flooring.wood ## Skirting - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in running m - **How it is measured:** By running length; state the height. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 11), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: paving, floor finishes, dado and skirting. - **The line must name:** - Material: named, for example granite, quartz, AAC block, sal wood - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[100\] mm high skirting in \[vitrified tile / granite\] to match the floor. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: flooring.skirting ## Wall dado tiling - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By wall area tiled; state the height. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 11), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: paving, floor finishes, dado and skirting. - **The line must name:** - Tile or stone size: for example 600 × 1200 mm - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **Often left out of the quote:** - Edge trims and corner profiles - Cut-outs for fittings - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[300 × 600\] mm wall tiles of \[make, series\] up to \[2100\] mm height on tile adhesive. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: flooring.dado ## Read with these items - [How floors, dado and skirting are measured](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules#floors-dado-and-skirting) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Modular kitchen BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen description: "Modular kitchen in an interior BOQ: kitchen base cabinets, kitchen wall cabinets, kitchen tall unit, kitchen countertop, kitchen baskets and corner fittings, ki" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Modular kitchen BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Base, wall and tall units, the countertop and the fittings, each its own line. 6 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Kitchen base cabinets](#kitchen-base-cabinets) 2. [Kitchen wall cabinets](#kitchen-wall-cabinets) 3. [Kitchen tall unit](#kitchen-tall-unit) 4. [Kitchen countertop](#kitchen-countertop) 5. [Kitchen baskets and corner fittings](#kitchen-baskets-and-corner-fittings) 6. [Kitchen backsplash](#kitchen-backsplash) ## Kitchen base cabinets - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in sq ft - **How it is measured:** Usually by running length along the wall at counter height; corners counted once. State whether the plinth and back panels are included. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Countertop (a separate line) - Sink and tap - Hob and chimney - Baskets and corner units - Plinth / skirting - **A line to start from:** Providing and making kitchen base cabinets \[600\] mm deep in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood carcass, shutters in \[acrylic / laminate\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges and channels; measured by running length along the wall, excluding countertop and accessories. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: modular-kitchen.base ## Kitchen wall cabinets - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in sq ft - **How it is measured:** By running length along the wall; state the height. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Lift-up fittings - Under-cabinet lights - Glass shutters - **A line to start from:** Providing and making kitchen wall cabinets \[700\] mm high × \[350\] mm deep in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood, shutters in \[laminate / acrylic\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] hinges; measured by running length. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: modular-kitchen.wall ## Kitchen tall unit - **Unit:** nos; also quoted in sq ft - **How it is measured:** Per unit with size stated, or by elevation area. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Pull-out larder fittings - Appliance housing cut-outs - **A line to start from:** Providing and making \[2100\] mm tall unit \[600\] mm wide in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood, shutters in \[laminate / acrylic\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] tall pull-out; measured per unit. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: modular-kitchen.tall ## Kitchen countertop - **Unit:** running ft; also quoted in sq ft - **How it is measured:** By running length or area; state the depth and edge profile. - **The line must name:** - Material: named, for example granite, quartz, AAC block, sal wood - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - **Often left out of the quote:** - Sink and hob cut-outs - Backsplash - Edge moulding - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[20\] mm \[granite / quartz\] countertop \[625\] mm deep with \[edge profile\], including sink and hob cut-outs. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: modular-kitchen.countertop ## Kitchen baskets and corner fittings - **Unit:** nos; also quoted in set - **How it is measured:** By number, each fitting named. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[make, model\] \[cutlery / plate / corner\] fitting for \[600\] mm cabinet. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: modular-kitchen.accessories ## Kitchen backsplash - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By wall area between counter and wall cabinets. - **The line must name:** - Material: named, for example granite, quartz, AAC block, sal wood - **Often left out of the quote:** - Edge trims - Cut-outs for sockets - **A line to start from:** Providing and fixing \[quartz / glass / tile\] backsplash between counter and wall cabinets. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: modular-kitchen.backsplash ## Read with these items - [How modular work is measured, and why the line must say it](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules#modular-kitchens-wardrobes-and-lofts) - [Board standards: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Painting and polishing BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting description: "Painting and polishing in an interior BOQ: interior emulsion on walls and ceilings, texture or designer finish, wood polish, enamel on metal. Unit, measurement," --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Painting and polishing BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Wall and ceiling paint, textures, wood polish and enamel. 4 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Interior emulsion on walls and ceilings](#interior-emulsion-on-walls-and-ceilings) 2. [Texture or designer finish](#texture-or-designer-finish) 3. [Wood polish](#wood-polish) 4. [Enamel on metal](#enamel-on-metal) ## Interior emulsion on walls and ceilings - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By area painted; walls and ceilings are measured separately. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 13), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: whitewashing, colour washing, distempering and painting of building surfaces. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - Number of coats: putty, primer and finish coats - **Often left out of the quote:** - Wall putty - Repairs to cracks - Primer - Ceiling (a separate line) - **A line to start from:** Applying \[make, product\] interior emulsion in \[two\] coats over \[two\] coats of wall putty and \[one\] coat of primer. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: painting.emulsion ## Texture or designer finish - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By area finished. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 13), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: whitewashing, colour washing, distempering and painting of building surfaces. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Base coat preparation - Sample panel - **A line to start from:** Applying \[make, product\] texture finish over prepared surface, as per approved sample. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: painting.texture ## Wood polish - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By surface area polished. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 15), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: painting, polishing, varnishing etc.. - **The line must name:** - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Number of coats: putty, primer and finish coats - **Often left out of the quote:** - Staining - Sanding sealer - **A line to start from:** Applying \[PU / melamine\] polish in \[matt / gloss\] finish, \[three\] coats over sanding sealer, on wood surfaces. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: painting.wood-polish ## Enamel on metal - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By surface area painted. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 15), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: painting, polishing, varnishing etc.. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - Number of coats: putty, primer and finish coats - **Often left out of the quote:** - Rust removal - Primer - **A line to start from:** Applying \[make\] synthetic enamel in \[two\] coats over \[one\] coat of primer on steel surfaces. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: painting.enamel ## Read with these items - [How paint is measured: surfaces, coats, openings](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules#paint) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Plumbing and bathrooms BOQ items: units, measurement, specs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing description: "Plumbing and bathrooms in an interior BOQ: concealed water supply piping, bathroom waterproofing, sanitaryware, cp fittings (taps, mixers, showers). Unit, measu" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Plumbing and bathrooms BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Concealed piping, waterproofing, sanitaryware and CP fittings. 4 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Concealed water supply piping](#concealed-water-supply-piping) 2. [Bathroom waterproofing](#bathroom-waterproofing) 3. [Sanitaryware](#sanitaryware) 4. [CP fittings (taps, mixers, showers)](#cp-fittings-taps-mixers-showers) ## Concealed water supply piping - **Unit:** point; also quoted in running ft, running m, lump sum - **How it is measured:** By point or by running length; state which, and what a point includes. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 19), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: water supply, plumbing and drains. - **The line must name:** - Pipe material and size: CPVC, PPR, UPVC, with size - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Pressure test - Chasing and making good - Concealed diverter bodies - **A line to start from:** Providing concealed water supply piping in \[CPVC / PPR\] of \[make\], \[20\] mm, including fittings and pressure test; measured by point. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: plumbing.piping ## Bathroom waterproofing - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in sq m - **How it is measured:** By area treated, wall upturn included; state the upturn height. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - Number of coats: putty, primer and finish coats - **Often left out of the quote:** - Ponding test - Protective screed over the membrane - **A line to start from:** Waterproofing bathroom floor and walls up to \[300\] mm with \[make, system\] in \[two\] coats, including ponding test. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: plumbing.waterproofing ## Sanitaryware - **Unit:** nos - **How it is measured:** By number, each piece named. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Concealed cistern - Seat cover - Fixing accessories - **A line to start from:** Supplying and fixing \[make, model\] \[wall-hung WC / counter-top basin\], including fixing accessories. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: plumbing.sanitary ## CP fittings (taps, mixers, showers) - **Unit:** nos; also quoted in set, lump sum - **How it is measured:** By number, each fitting named; a lump sum per bathroom hides what's inside. - **Indian Standards:** IS 1200 (Part 19), Method of measurement of building and civil engineering works: water supply, plumbing and drains. - **The line must name:** - Make and model: the brand and product, or 'or equal' with a named reference - **Often left out of the quote:** - Concealed bodies for diverters - Angle valves - Health faucet - **A line to start from:** Supplying and fixing \[make, model\] \[single-lever diverter / basin mixer / overhead shower\]. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: plumbing.cp-fittings ## Read with these items - [How interior work is measured (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Wardrobes BOQ items: units, measurement, specs | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes description: "Wardrobes in an interior BOQ: hinged-door wardrobe, sliding-door wardrobe, loft, internal drawer. Unit, measurement, IS standard, specs." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) 3. [Item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) # Wardrobes BOQ items: units, measurement, specs Hinged and sliding wardrobes, lofts and internal drawers. 4 items, each with the unit it is priced in, how it is measured, the standard that applies, what the line must name and what quotes leave out. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Hinged-door wardrobe](#hinged-door-wardrobe) 2. [Sliding-door wardrobe](#sliding-door-wardrobe) 3. [Loft](#loft) 4. [Internal drawer](#internal-drawer) ## Hinged-door wardrobe - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in running ft - **How it is measured:** Usually by front elevation area (height × width). State whether the loft, side panels and internal drawers are included. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Loft (often a separate line) - Internal drawers - Mirror - Lights - Handles - **A line to start from:** Providing and making hinged wardrobe in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood carcass, \[1\] mm laminate outside, \[0.8\] mm laminate inside, \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges; measured by front elevation area, excluding loft and drawers. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: wardrobes.hinged ## Sliding-door wardrobe - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in running ft - **How it is measured:** By front elevation area; state what's included. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Edge band: for example 2 mm PVC edge band - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **Often left out of the quote:** - Sliding track system (often priced apart) - Loft - Mirror shutters - **A line to start from:** Providing and making sliding wardrobe in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood, shutters in \[laminate / acrylic\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make, model\] sliding system; measured by front elevation area, excluding loft. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: wardrobes.sliding ## Loft - **Unit:** sq ft; also quoted in running ft - **How it is measured:** By front elevation area or running length; state the depth. No Indian Standard fixes this for modular work, so the line itself must say it. - **Indian Standards:** IS 303, Plywood for general purposes. - **The line must name:** - Board and its grade: for example IS 303 BWP plywood, IS 710 marine plywood, HDHMR - Thickness: in mm, for example 18 mm carcass - Finish: laminate and its thickness, veneer, PU, acrylic, lacquer - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - **A line to start from:** Providing and making loft \[600\] mm high in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood, shutters in \[1\] mm laminate, \[make\] hinges; measured by front elevation area. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: wardrobes.loft ## Internal drawer - **Unit:** nos - **How it is measured:** By number, width stated. - **The line must name:** - Hardware make: hinges, channels and fittings by make, or 'or equal' - Size: a dimension in mm, ft or inches - **Often left out of the quote:** - Locks - **A line to start from:** Providing and making internal drawer \[600\] mm wide with \[make\] soft-close telescopic channels. Values in \[brackets\] are yours to fill. Item id: wardrobes.drawer ## Read with these items - [How modular work is measured, and why the line must say it](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules#modular-kitchens-wardrobes-and-lofts) - [Board standards: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Every item as a blank BOQ: the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) ## Other trades - [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) - [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) - [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) - [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) - [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) - [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) - [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) - [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications description: "The Indian Standards for plywood, block board and particle board, and how to write a joinery BOQ line that can't be substituted." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others An interior BOQ names the board by its Indian Standard and grade, because "plywood" alone can be priced as the cheapest sheet in the market. IS 303 covers general-purpose plywood (MR, and BWR, renamed BWP by amendment), IS 710 marine plywood, IS 1659 block boards, and IS 3087 and IS 12823 particle boards. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 23, 2026 On this page 1. [Why the standard goes in the line](#why-the-standard-goes-in-the-line) 2. [Plywood: IS 303 and IS 710](#plywood-is-303-and-is-710) 3. [Block board and particle boards](#block-board-and-particle-boards) 4. [Writing a line that can't be substituted](#writing-a-line-that-can-t-be-substituted) 5. [Boundary](#boundary) ## Why the standard goes in the line "18 mm plywood with laminate" describes sheets that differ several times over in price and in how they survive a wet kitchen. Naming the standard and grade fixes what is being priced and gives the site something to check: the grade is marked on each sheet. ## Plywood: IS 303 and IS 710 - **IS 303, plywood for general purposes.** The 1989 edition grades plywood by the bond of its adhesive: MR (moisture resistant) and BWR (boiling water resistant), and an amendment renamed BWR as BWP. It also names faces by quality: AA, AB and BB. IS 303:2024 is the current edition in the BIS catalogue; check its grade names when you specify. - **IS 710, marine plywood**, for wet areas such as vanities and sink bases, where a BOQ wants more than BWP. ## Block board and particle boards - **IS 1659, block boards**: a core of timber strips between veneers, used for long shelves and doors. - **IS 3087**: medium-density particle boards for general purposes. - **IS 12823**: prelaminated particle boards, the factory-laminated board of most low-cost modular units. - **IS 2202 (Part 1)**: wooden flush door shutters, solid core, with plywood face panels. Boards sold under trade names (HDHMR, for example) should be named by product and maker in the line, with the maker's test certificate asked for. ## Writing a line that can't be substituted A joinery line names five things: 1. The board, its standard and grade: "18 mm IS 303 BWP plywood carcass". 2. The thickness of each part, if carcass, shutters and back differ. 3. The finish inside and out: "1 mm laminate outside, 0.8 mm inside", or acrylic, veneer, PU. 4. The edge band: "2 mm PVC edge band". 5. The hardware make, or "\[make\] or equal" with the reference named. How joinery is measured, net as fixed and by area with its thickness, is in [measurement rules](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules). The [checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) flags a joinery line missing any of these; the [item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) has a line to start from for each item. ## Boundary Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs. Which grade a job needs is a design decision this page does not make. Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. - [IS 303:2024, Plywood for general purposes](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/isdetails/MTM0MjM=). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. - [IS 303:1989, Plywood for general purposes (third revision), public copy](https://archive.org/download/gov.in.is.303.1989/is.303.1989.txt). Bureau of Indian Standards, via Public.Resource.Org, December 21, 1989. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules description: "How each interior trade is measured for a BOQ in India: IS 1200 rules for floors, ceilings, paint and woodwork, and the bases for modular work." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200) Floors, ceilings, paint and woodwork have an Indian Standard for measurement, IS 1200: measure net as fixed, deduct openings only above a set size, and price skirting by running length with its height stated. Modular kitchens and wardrobes have none, so a BOQ line must say its basis: the same wardrobe can be 60 sq ft or 8 running ft. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Which trades have a measurement standard](#which-trades-have-a-measurement-standard) 2. [Floors, dado and skirting](#floors-dado-and-skirting) 3. [False ceilings](#false-ceilings) 4. [Paint](#paint) 5. [Woodwork and panelling](#woodwork-and-panelling) 6. [Modular kitchens, wardrobes and lofts](#modular-kitchens-wardrobes-and-lofts) 7. [Boundary](#boundary) ## Which trades have a measurement standard IS 1200 is the Indian Standard method of measuring building work, in parts by trade. Four parts cover most of an interior job; modular furniture is not one of them. | Work | Standard | Unit in the standard | | ---------------------------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | | False ceilings and wall linings | IS 1200 (Part 10) | square metres, measured flat | | Floors, dado and skirting | IS 1200 (Part 11) | square metres; skirting in running metres | | Paint on walls and ceilings | IS 1200 (Part 13) | square metres | | Woodwork, panelling and joinery | IS 1200 (Part 21) | square metres for boarding, with its thickness | | Modular kitchens, wardrobes, lofts | None | whatever the BOQ states | Interior quotes in India are usually written in sq ft and running ft rather than the standard's metric units: 1 sq m is 10.764 sq ft, and 1 m is 3.281 ft. The rules below are the same in either unit. ## Floors, dado and skirting Part 11 measures floor finishes and dado in square metres, and skirting in running metres with its height stated; mitres, stops and returned ends are part of the skirting item, not extra. Nothing is deducted for embedded items up to 0.1 m² each. A strip of finish 30 cm wide or less that doesn't match the general floor is measured by running length; wider than that, by area. For a BOQ that means three lines, not one: the floor by area, the skirting by length with its height, and any border or threshold strip as its own line. ## False ceilings Part 10 measures ceilings flat, in square metres, net as fixed. An opening up to 0.4 m² (a light cut-out, a grille) is not deducted and not charged for; a bigger opening is deducted in full and the work of forming it is measured separately. Boarding on curved surfaces up to 15 cm wide is its own item. Coves, drops and bands are not flat ceiling, which is why the [false ceiling items](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) price them by running length: say their girth (height plus width) in the line. ## Paint Part 13 measures walls, ceilings and sloping surfaces separately, and every item states the number of coats. Openings up to 0.5 m² each are not deducted, and their reveals are not added. A line reading "painting, 900 sq ft" leaves out both: which surfaces, and how many coats of what. ## Woodwork and panelling Part 21 measures woodwork net as fixed: nothing is added for shape, joints or wastage. Boarding, which the standard says covers panelling, shelves and almirah linings, is measured in square metres with its finished thickness stated. Wastage belongs in the rate, not the quantity. ## Modular kitchens, wardrobes and lofts No Indian Standard sets how modular units are measured, so the trade uses several bases, and two quotes on different bases can't be compared: - **Kitchen cabinets**: usually by running length along the wall, base and wall units as separate lines, corners counted once. Say whether the plinth and back panels are included. - **Wardrobes**: usually by front elevation, height × width. Say whether the loft, side panels and internal drawers are in it; lofts are often a separate line. - **Tall units and accessories**: per unit, size stated. The same wardrobe, 8 ft wide and 7 ft 6 in high, is 60 sq ft by elevation or 8 running ft along the wall. At ₹1,450 per sq ft it costs ₹87,000; quoted per running ft, the same price is ₹10,875 a foot. A BOQ that asks for "wardrobe, per sq ft" without saying which area gets prices that can't be put side by side. Write the basis into every modular line, for example: "measured by front elevation area, excluding loft and drawers". The [BOQ checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) flags modular lines that don't, and its dimension box works out the quantity from `8' x 7'6"`. ## Boundary The rules come from the public copies of IS 1200 Parts 10, 11, 13 and 21 linked below. They are older editions, and newer revisions may differ in detail; check the current edition in the BIS catalogue before relying on a figure in a contract. The modular bases are trade practice, not a standard. Each trade's items, with a line to start from, are in the [item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items). Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. - [IS 1200 (Part 10), ceiling and linings, public copy of the 1973 edition](https://archive.org/download/gov.in.is.1200.10.1973/is.1200.10.1973.txt). Bureau of Indian Standards, via Public.Resource.Org, January 1, 1973. - [IS 1200 (Part 11), paving, floor finishes, dado and skirting, public copy of the 1977 edition](https://archive.org/download/gov.in.is.1200.11.1977/is.1200.11.1977.txt). Bureau of Indian Standards, via Public.Resource.Org, December 1, 1977. - [IS 1200 (Part 13), whitewashing, colour washing, distempering and painting of building surfaces, public copy of the 1994 edition](https://archive.org/download/gov.in.is.1200.13.1994/is.1200.13.1994.txt). Bureau of Indian Standards, via Public.Resource.Org, January 1, 1994. - [IS 1200 (Part 21), wood-work and joinery, public copy of the 1973 edition](https://archive.org/download/gov.in.is.1200.21.1973/is.1200.21.1973.txt). Bureau of Indian Standards, via Public.Resource.Org, January 1, 1973. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Interior BOQ format in Excel: free template | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template description: "Free interior BOQ format in Excel: 41 ready lines in 9 trades with units, measurement basis and formulas. Download, fill the brackets, add rates." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # Interior BOQ format in Excel: free template A free interior BOQ template in Excel with 41 common items in 9 trades, each line already written with its unit and how it is measured. Fill the values in brackets, add quantities and rates; the amount and total formulas are in place. Why there are no rates, and how to build them, is below. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [Download](#download) 2. [The columns, and why each is there](#the-columns-and-why-each-is-there) 3. [What it looks like](#what-it-looks-like) 4. [Why there are no rates](#why-there-are-no-rates) 5. [After you fill it](#after-you-fill-it) ## Download [Download the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/interior-boq-template.xlsx) [CSV version](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/interior-boq-template.csv) One sheet, grouped by trade. Free under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), with credit to Ahrom Labs. ## The columns, and why each is there - **S.No:** Line number, running through the whole BOQ. - **Description:** What the item is, what it is made of, its size and finish. Each line starts from the library wording; replace the values in \[brackets\]. - **Unit:** What the line is priced in: sq ft, running ft, nos, point or lump sum. Keep one unit per item type across the BOQ, or quotes can't be compared. - **Measurement basis:** How the quantity was measured, e.g. “front elevation, loft excluded”. Modular work has no national measurement standard, so this column is where disputes are prevented. - **Qty:** From the drawings, in the line's unit. - **Rate:** Left empty: filled by whoever prices it. - **Amount:** Qty × rate, already a formula; the total row sums it. - **Item id:** The line's id in the item library (e.g. wardrobes.hinged), so a pasted BOQ can be matched back to it. ## What it looks like Two lines from each trade, as they appear in the file. The full list, with what each line must name and what quotes leave out, is in the [item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items). | Description | Unit | Measurement basis | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Civil and demolition](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/civil) Dismantling existing \[flooring / partitions / fixtures\] in \[rooms\], including stacking reusable material and carting debris to an approved dump. | lump sum | Priced as a lump sum for a defined scope, or by the area or volume broken out. Name what is removed and where the debris goes. | | Providing and building \[100\] mm thick \[AAC block / brick\] partition in \[cement mortar 1:4\], including lintels over openings. | sq ft | By face area of wall built, openings deducted; thick walls are sometimes priced by volume. | | [False ceiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/false-ceiling) Providing and fixing false ceiling of \[12.5\] mm gypsum board on \[GI\] suspension framing, joints taped and finished; measured by plan area of the flat field, excluding coves and bands. | sq ft | The flat field by plan area. Coves, drops and bands are usually a separate running-ft line; say whether cut-outs are deducted. | | Providing and making ceiling cove \[300\] mm wide × \[150\] mm drop in \[12.5\] mm gypsum board on \[GI\] framing; measured by running length. | running ft | By running length along the cove or band; state its girth (height plus width). | | [Flooring and wall tiling](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/flooring) Providing and laying \[600 × 1200\] mm vitrified tile flooring of \[make, series\] on \[tile adhesive / cement mortar\] bed, joints filled with \[epoxy / cementitious\] grout. | sq ft | By finished floor area laid; skirting is a separate line. | | Providing and laying \[18\] mm \[marble / granite\] flooring, \[mirror polished\], on \[cement mortar\] bed, including machine polishing after laying. | sq ft | By finished area laid. | | [Carpentry and joinery](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/carpentry) Providing and fixing wall panelling in \[12\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood on \[batten\] frame, finished in \[1\] mm laminate; measured by face area including frame. | sq ft | By face area of panelling; say whether framing and grooves are included. | | Providing and making \[TV\] unit in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood carcass, \[1\] mm laminate outside, \[0.8\] mm laminate inside, \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges and channels; measured by front elevation area. | sq ft | Usually by front elevation area (height × width); some quote per unit. State which. | | [Modular kitchen](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/modular-kitchen) Providing and making kitchen base cabinets \[600\] mm deep in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood carcass, shutters in \[acrylic / laminate\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges and channels; measured by running length along the wall, excluding countertop and accessories. | running ft | Usually by running length along the wall at counter height; corners counted once. State whether the plinth and back panels are included. | | Providing and making kitchen wall cabinets \[700\] mm high × \[350\] mm deep in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood, shutters in \[laminate / acrylic\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] hinges; measured by running length. | running ft | By running length along the wall; state the height. | | [Wardrobes](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/wardrobes) Providing and making hinged wardrobe in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood carcass, \[1\] mm laminate outside, \[0.8\] mm laminate inside, \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make\] soft-close hinges; measured by front elevation area, excluding loft and drawers. | sq ft | Usually by front elevation area (height × width). State whether the loft, side panels and internal drawers are included. | | Providing and making sliding wardrobe in \[18\] mm \[IS 303 BWP\] plywood, shutters in \[laminate / acrylic\], \[2\] mm PVC edge band, \[make, model\] sliding system; measured by front elevation area, excluding loft. | sq ft | By front elevation area; state what's included. | | [Painting and polishing](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/painting) Applying \[make, product\] interior emulsion in \[two\] coats over \[two\] coats of wall putty and \[one\] coat of primer. | sq ft | By area painted; walls and ceilings are measured separately. | | Applying \[make, product\] texture finish over prepared surface, as per approved sample. | sq ft | By area finished. | | [Electrical](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/electrical) Wiring \[light / 6 A socket / 16 A power\] point with \[1.5\] sq mm FRLS copper wire in concealed PVC conduit, including \[make\] modular switch and plate; one point measured from the board to the outlet. | point | By point. State what one point includes: conduit, wire to the board, switch and plate. | | Providing and fixing distribution board, \[8\]-way, of \[make\] with \[MCBs and RCCB as per schedule\]. | nos | By number, ways and protection stated. | | [Plumbing and bathrooms](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items/plumbing) Providing concealed water supply piping in \[CPVC / PPR\] of \[make\], \[20\] mm, including fittings and pressure test; measured by point. | point | By point or by running length; state which, and what a point includes. | | Waterproofing bathroom floor and walls up to \[300\] mm with \[make, system\] in \[two\] coats, including ponding test. | sq ft | By area treated, wall upturn included; state the upturn height. | ## Why there are no rates Rates for the same line differ by city, by month and by the specification in it: 18 mm BWP plywood with acrylic shutters and 16 mm MR plywood with laminate are both “kitchen base cabinets”. A template with rates filled in would be wrong for most readers the day they used it. Build a rate from its parts, material, labour, wastage, overheads and margin (a [rate analysis](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq)), or have contractors price the same lines so their quotes can be compared. ## After you fill it Paste the filled sheet into the [BOQ checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check): it flags lines that leave the board grade, thickness, finish, hardware, unit or measurement basis open, then prints the BOQ as a GST quotation. How to write the lines in the first place is in [how to make an interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq), and how each trade is measured in [measurement rules](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules). Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 24, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders description: "How to record and price changes after an interior BOQ is agreed, using the CPWD contract's clause 12 as the model: rates, new items, time." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ A variation order records a change after the BOQ is agreed: what was added, omitted or substituted, at what rate, and its effect on time and payment, signed before the work is done. CPWD's contract conditions price a changed item at its BOQ rate, a new item at a market rate claimed within 15 days, and extend time in proportion to the added cost. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 24, 2026 On this page 1. [What a variation order is](#what-a-variation-order-is) 2. [The model: CPWD's clause 12](#the-model-cpwd-s-clause-12) 3. [What to write on a variation order](#what-to-write-on-a-variation-order) 4. [Pricing a change from the BOQ](#pricing-a-change-from-the-boq) 5. [Agree the rules before the first change](#agree-the-rules-before-the-first-change) 6. [Boundary](#boundary) ## What a variation order is Once a client accepts a quotation built on a BOQ, every later change is a variation: an extra item, a line dropped, a material swapped, a quantity that grew on site. A [variation order](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/variation-order) writes that change down with its price and its effect on time before the work is done, so the final bill is the BOQ plus a short list of approved changes, not an argument. In interior work most variations are substitutions (veneer instead of laminate, a different tile), additions (a loft nobody drew) and quantities that move once walls are measured. ## The model: CPWD's clause 12 Private interior contracts aren't bound by government rules, but the Central Public Works Department's General Conditions of Contract give a tested structure for changes. Clause 12 says, in short: - **Changes are made in writing.** The engineer in charge may alter, omit, add or substitute work by a signed written instruction, and the changed work becomes part of the contract. - **A changed item keeps its contract price.** Altered or substituted work is done on the same conditions, including price, as the main work, unless the rules below apply. - **A new item gets a market rate, claimed quickly.** For an item not in the contract, the contractor claims a market rate within 15 days, backed by a rate analysis and invoices; the engineer decides the rate within 45 days. - **Quantities far above the BOQ can be re-rated.** Where a contract item exceeds the limit set in the contract's schedule, the rate for the excess quantity can be revised the same way. - **Time moves with cost.** The completion time is extended in proportion to the added cost against the original contract value, plus 25% of that extra time. ## What to write on a variation order 1. **Which line it changes**: the BOQ line number and its description, or "new item". 2. **What changes**: added, omitted, substituted or quantity revised, with the new description written as fully as a BOQ line (board and grade, thickness, finish, hardware, unit and measurement basis). 3. **The rate and where it comes from**: the BOQ rate if the item is already in the BOQ; a new rate with its rate analysis if it isn't. 4. **The amount, plus or minus**, and GST on it. 5. **Effect on time**: the extra days, worked out the same way as clause 12 or as agreed. 6. **Effect on payment**: which payment stage it is billed with. 7. **Signatures and date**, before the work starts. ## Pricing a change from the BOQ Most of the price is already in the BOQ. A wardrobe that grows from 60 to 72 sq ft by front elevation is 12 more sq ft at the agreed rate. A swap from laminate to veneer shutters is the difference between two rates, each built from material, labour and wastage. An omission is a credit at the BOQ rate. This only works if the BOQ line said what was priced. "Wardrobe, per sq ft" gives nothing to price a change against; a line that names the board, thickness, finish, hardware and [measurement basis](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/measurement-basis) does. The [measurement rules](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) and [material specifications](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) are where those lines are settled. ## Agree the rules before the first change Put the variation rules in the quotation's terms: changes only in writing, the BOQ rate for listed items, how a new item is priced, and how much quantity can grow before its rate is reopened. Ahrom Labs' own default terms for a design studio's quotations include "work not listed here, or changed after acceptance, is quoted separately as a variation". ## Boundary The clause 12 summary is from the CPWD General Conditions of Contract for construction works, April 2026 edition; it binds government works under that contract, not a private interior job. Use it as a model and put your own rules in your contract. The schedule limits it refers to vary by contract and are not given here. Quoted from the official text (3) > “shall be carried out by the contractor on the same conditions in all respects including price on which he agreed to do the main work except as hereafter provided” > > CPWD General Conditions of Contract (April 2026), clause 12 > “within fifteen days of the receipt of order or occurrence of the item(s), submit claim for market rate(s), supported with proper analysis of rate” > > CPWD General Conditions of Contract (April 2026), clause 12.2 > “25% of the time calculated in (i) above or such further additional time as may be considered reasonable by the Engineer-in-Charge” > > CPWD General Conditions of Contract (April 2026), clause 12.1(ii) Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq) - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. - [General Conditions of Contract, Construction Works, April 2026, clause 12 (copy hosted by IIT Hyderabad)](https://www.iith.ac.in/assets/files/tenders/General%5FConditions%5Fof%5FContract%5FGCC%5Ffor%5FWorks%5F2026.pdf). Central Public Works Department, April 1, 2026. - [Central Public Works Department publications (official copies of its contract conditions)](https://cpwd.gov.in/). Central Public Works Department, October 24, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM" url: https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq description: "What a BOQ is in interior work, and how it differs from an estimate, a quotation, a BOM, a rate analysis and a schedule of rates." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [Interior BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) # What is a BOQ? BOQ vs estimate, quotation and BOM A bill of quantities (BOQ) lists every item of work with its description, unit and quantity, measured from the drawings before anyone prices it. Contractors fill in the rates, so three quotes can be compared line by line. An estimate is the expected cost, a quotation is a priced offer, and a BOM lists the parts of one product. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Standards checked against the BIS catalogue on October 23, 2026 On this page 1. [What a BOQ is](#what-a-boq-is) 2. [BOQ, estimate, quotation, BOM: the difference](#boq-estimate-quotation-bom-the-difference) 3. [Rate analysis and schedules of rates](#rate-analysis-and-schedules-of-rates) 4. [Lump sums, provisional sums and PC sums](#lump-sums-provisional-sums-and-pc-sums) 5. [Boundary](#boundary) ## What a BOQ is A [BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/bill-of-quantities) is the list of work, not the price of it ([what one looks like in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template)). Each line names one item (a wardrobe, a ceiling, a wiring point), says what it is made of, gives the unit it is measured in and the quantity measured from the drawings. The rate and amount columns stay empty until someone prices them. Its job is to make prices comparable. When three contractors price the same lines, the quotes differ only in rates, and a cheap quote can't hide a thinner board or a missing loft. ## BOQ, estimate, quotation, BOM: the difference | Document | Who makes it | What it holds | Binding? | | --------- | ------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------- | | BOQ | Designer or quantity surveyor | Items, descriptions, units, quantities | No; it is the basis for prices | | Estimate | Designer or owner | The BOQ with expected rates: what the job should cost | No; internal | | Quotation | Contractor or the design-build studio | Rates, amounts, taxes, terms, validity | Yes, once accepted | | BOM | Manufacturer or workshop | Every part and material to make one product | No; it drives buying and cutting | The BOM and the BOQ meet in a workshop. The client's BOQ has one line for a wardrobe priced by area; the workshop's BOM for that wardrobe lists the sheets of plywood, the laminate, the edge band and each hinge. ## Rate analysis and schedules of rates A rate analysis breaks one item's rate into material, labour, wastage, overheads and profit. It is how a contractor arrives at the rate in a BOQ line, and how a designer checks one that looks too low. A schedule of rates is a published list of item rates. For central government works, the Central Public Works Department publishes the Delhi Schedule of Rates (DSR). It is a reference for how items are described and priced in government work, not a price list for private interiors in another city. ## Lump sums, provisional sums and PC sums - **Lump sum**: one price for a defined scope ("bathroom CP fittings, LS"). Quick to write, but it hides what's inside; split it into named items wherever you can. - **Provisional sum**: an allowance for work not yet defined, adjusted when it is. - **Prime cost (PC) sum**: an allowance for something the client will choose later, such as tiles at a stated rate per sq ft, adjusted to the actual price. When a provisional or PC sum is settled, or anything else changes after the BOQ is agreed, it is recorded as a [variation order](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders). ## Boundary This page explains the documents; it does not give rates. How each interior item is measured and specified is in the [item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items), and the [checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) reads a BOQ from Excel and shows what each line leaves open. Paste a BOQ from Excel and see what each line leaves open, then print it as a quotation. [Check a BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Free. Runs in your browser; the rows never leave it. Designer Ops keeps your own BOQ library and every quote, turns an accepted quote's payment stages into invoices, then runs the project: orders, site visits and the workshop. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [system for interior designers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) · [what to require from one](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Interior BOQ guides and tools - [How to make an interior BOQ, step by step](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/how-to-make-an-interior-boq) - [How interior work is measured for a BOQ (IS 1200)](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules) - [Board standards for an interior BOQ: IS 303, IS 710 and others](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/material-specifications) - [Variation orders in interior work, priced from the BOQ](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders) - [Interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) - [Interior BOQ format in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/template) - [Check a BOQ and turn it into a quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) ## Official sources - [Indian Standards catalogue (Know Your Standards)](https://www.services.bis.gov.in/php/BIS%5F2.0/bisconnect/knowyourstandards/Indian%5Fstandards/). Bureau of Indian Standards, October 23, 2026. - [Delhi Schedule of Rates (DSR)](https://cpwd.gov.in/Units/dsr.aspx). Central Public Works Department, October 23, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs; not legal, tax or engineering advice. Indian Standards are cited by number and title from the BIS catalogue, not quoted; the standard governs wherever this page differs from it. No rates are given: they change with city and month. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Custom ERP cost, timelines and AMC terms | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/engagement description: "What a custom ERP costs in India, how long it takes, whether it works with Tally, software licence and data use, hosting, AMC and what happens when…" --- # Working with us The questions every business asks before hiring a software firm — what a custom ERP costs, how long it takes, whether it works with Tally, who owns what, and what happens after launch — answered plainly, with sources for every market figure. - [How much does a custom ERP cost in India?](#cost) - [How do you price a custom software project?](#pricing) - [What makes ERP software cost more or less?](#cost-drivers) - [How long does a custom ERP take to go live?](#timeline) - [Will it work with Tally, or do we have to replace Tally?](#tally) - [Who owns the software and the code, and what happens to our data?](#ownership) - [Is it hosted on the cloud or on our own server?](#hosting) - [What does the AMC cover, and what does it cost?](#support) - [What happens when requirements change mid-project?](#scope-changes) - [What goes wrong on your projects, and how do you catch it?](#what-goes-wrong) - [Why do ERP implementations fail in Indian SMEs, and what's different here?](#why-erp-fails) - [Can we see your work or talk to a past client?](#references) - [You're a small firm — what if you're unavailable?](#continuity) - [Is my business a fit for a custom system?](#fit) ## How much does a custom ERP cost in India? Published 2026 guides put the price of a custom ERP for a small Indian manufacturer at approximately ₹3–15 lakh, and a fuller build for a mid-sized manufacturer at ₹15–40 lakh. Where a project lands depends on scope, and Ahrom Labs quotes a fixed price for each phase once the business has been modeled — never an open-ended hourly bill. Those ranges are market figures from other firms' published guides, not our price list. We don't publish a rate card because two businesses that both want "an ERP" can need very different systems — the modeling phase is what makes a fixed quote honest. Asked as "ERP banane ka kharcha kitna hai?" or "ERP software ki price kya hogi?", the answer is the same: that range until the modeling phase, then a fixed quote. See: [ERP implementation plan: phases, timeline and cost](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) · [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) Sources: [ProftCode — custom ERP for Indian manufacturers](https://www.proftcode.com/blog/why-indian-manufacturers-switching-custom-erp/) · [NGD Technolab — custom ERP for manufacturing companies in India](https://ngendevtech.com/blog/custom-erp-development-for-manufacturing-companies-in-india/) ## How do you price a custom software project? In fixed-price phases. Every engagement starts with a short, fixed-fee modeling phase that maps how the business works and ends with a phased plan and a fixed quote for each phase. You keep the model and the plan whether or not you continue with us. If you do, the modeling fee is credited against the first build phase. Each build phase is quoted before it starts, goes live, and is in use before the next one begins — so you never pay for months of work you can't see. ## What makes ERP software cost more or less? Mostly how many departments and workflows it covers, what it has to integrate with, how much old data moves in, and whether we've solved the problem before. More departments and more hand-offs between them mean more to model and build. Integrations add work: TallyPrime, e-way bill, bank statements, government portals, software you want to keep. Migrating years of data out of spreadsheets or an old system is its own piece of work, quoted on its own. Anything already in our pattern library — Tally posting, document extraction, role-scoped finance, piece-level inventory — costs less, because it's reuse rather than invention. See: [The pattern library](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns) ## How long does a custom ERP take to go live? It depends on how new the problem is: something we've already built on another engagement can ship in days or weeks, while genuinely new ground takes a couple of months, delivered in phases so part of it is in use early. A new system is usable day to day from its first phase, not only once every module is finished. Every decision from past engagements is written down in our public pattern library, and the developers and AI agents working on a new system check it before designing anything. That's why a repeat problem is fast. The modeling phase ends with a dated plan per phase, so you know the timeline before you commit to the build. ## Will it work with Tally, or do we have to replace Tally? Either way works: Tally can stay as your books, with approved invoices posted into it automatically within 30 seconds, or the books can move into the new system with Tally kept as an optional sync. Your existing Tally setup can stay in place alongside our system; your accountant keeps working in it as before. LS Technologies kept Tally as the books. A boiler manufacturer moved the ledger, GST and TDS into its operations system and kept Tally optional. Which fits depends on how much of your accounting starts as operational events. See: [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) · [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) ## Who owns the software and the code, and what happens to our data? Ahrom Labs owns the code. The software stays ours, and you have a licence to use your system for as long as the annual maintenance contract (AMC) runs. The source code stays with us as well: you get a working system to use, not a copy of the code. Paying for the build buys that working system and its licence; the software and code are not yours to own after you pay. If you stop paying the AMC, the licence to keep using the system ends with it. Your business data lives in your system and you can export it at any time. We may use your data in anonymised, aggregated form to improve our systems and to publish industry benchmarks; nothing that identifies your business or your customers is shared. ## Is it hosted on the cloud or on our own server? During development we host it on our own server at no charge. At go-live it moves to a production cloud server, with the provider chosen around your needs in the first interview. The server is included in the AMC. Storage is paid by you directly to the provider, so it grows with your data at the provider's price, with no mark-up. If you'd rather use your own cloud account or your own premises, we deploy there instead. ## What does the AMC cover, and what does it cost? Support after go-live runs under an annual maintenance contract (AMC) of 15–21% of the project value per year — nearer 21% for smaller projects, nearer 15% for larger ones. The AMC covers the licence, the server, fixes and keeping the system running, plus small changes. A new module is quoted as its own phase. Support requests come in by email today, answered within 48 hours at most. A ticketing system for urgent work is on its way. ## What happens when requirements change mid-project? A change is written down, priced and agreed before it's built — never billed after the fact. Because the model is agreed first, most changes show up as a clear difference from it rather than as a surprise. A small change inside the current phase is absorbed into it; a change to how the business is modeled becomes part of a later phase, quoted before it starts. ## What goes wrong on your projects, and how do you catch it? Real bugs, found by testing with real transactions before anyone depended on them — and they're written up in the engineering notes rather than hidden. A reverse-charge test that posted real documents through a new ledger found two posting bugs. Running a single order through every department end to end found that sales invoices weren't carrying their project link. Building per-piece plate costing uncovered an existing error in how average cost was recalculated for cut stock — fixed at the root, not patched in the report. An AI suggestion rule that looked reasonable matched the misspelling PALTE to VALVE as readily as to PLATE; it was caught and narrowed before it shipped. See: [GST, TDS and the ledger inside a manufacturing ERP](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) · [One confirmation teaches the system](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system) ## Why do ERP implementations fail in Indian SMEs, and what's different here? Mostly because people go back to Excel and WhatsApp: the system doesn't match how the business actually runs, and old data turns out messier than anyone planned for. Modeling the business first, scoping data migration up front, and delivering in phases that are each in use before the next target exactly those failures. The modeling phase maps your entities, workflows and decisions as they really are, so the system is built around them rather than around a template. Data migration is scoped and quoted as its own piece of work instead of being discovered halfway through. Sources: [Manufacturing Today India — why ERP projects fail](https://www.manufacturingtodayindia.com/why-erp-projects-fail) · [Indian Printer Publisher — why traditional ERP systems fail in India](https://indianprinterpublisher.com/blog/2026/05/traditional-erp-systems-india/) · [Ultra Consultants — causes of ERP project failure](https://ultraconsultants.com/erp-software-blog/15-causes-of-erp-project-failure/) ## Can we see your work or talk to a past client? Every client on our work page is named with their permission, and each system is written up in detail with real numbers. Ask, and we'll check whether a past client is willing to talk to you. The owners of Savistar and Saag have said publicly: "It has brought much more structure, visibility, and control to the way we operate." See: [Our work](https://ahromlabs.com/work) · [Industries](https://ahromlabs.com/industries) ## You're a small firm — what if you're unavailable? The work doesn't depend on one person: a team of developers and AI agents carries the delivery load, and every system ships with a canonical system document that lets any developer or agent pick it up cold. That document records what exists, how it fits together, and every known gap — the operations system for a boiler manufacturer has one running to thousands of lines, updated as each piece of work lands. It means support never hangs on one person: any of our developers or agents can pick the system up from the document alone. ## Is my business a fit for a custom system? Probably, if your business has outgrown spreadsheets and off-the-shelf software and a few people are the only ones who know how everything connects — industry matters less than the shape of the problem. If a standard package fits your processes, we'll say so. See: [When a package is the better choice](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) · [Industries we've built for](https://ahromlabs.com/industries) See [what we build](https://ahromlabs.com/services), the [systems we've built](https://ahromlabs.com/work), and the [pattern library](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns) that makes a repeat problem fast. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP requirements for Indian manufacturers and traders" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp description: "ERP requirements for Indian manufacturers and traders: free checklist, Excel template and builder, with vendor tests and quoted e-invoice and audit-trail rules." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) # ERP requirements for Indian manufacturers and traders What to ask for before you buy or build an ERP in India: 71 requirements in 13 departments, each with a test you can make any vendor pass, the GST and company-law rules quoted from the official text, and figures from systems running today. Free checklist, Excel template and a builder that picks the lines that apply to you. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 ## Tools - [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Five answers about your business: what it does, its turnover, whether Tally stays, whether it is a company, and which departments to cover. Out comes the list that applies, to print or open in Excel. Nothing leaves your browser. - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) All 71 requirements, each with why it matters, what to make a vendor show, what good looks like in a live system, and the law where one applies. Free under CC BY 4.0, also as JSON. - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) The checklist as an RFP and a vendor scorecard: set priorities, collect each vendor's answers, and the sheet scores them. ## What makes this list different - **Every line has a test.** The same test serves as the vendor demo script and as the acceptance test before go-live. - **Indian law, quoted.** The audit trail, e-invoicing, the 30-day reporting limit, e-way bills, MSME payment terms and data protection, each quoted from the official text and checked by script. - **Figures from live systems.** Where a line says what good looks like, the number comes from a system Ahrom Labs runs, and is published on its service page. - **Honest about gaps.** Where Ahrom Labs hasn't built something yet (an e-invoice portal connection, for one), the line says so. ## Guides - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) An ERP used in India has to meet rules the business is bound by: an audit trail that can't be switched off for companies keeping books in software (from 1 April 2023), e-invoices above ₹5 crore turnover, reporting to the portal within 30 days at ₹10 crore and above, e-way bills above ₹50,000, MSME payment limits of 45 days, TDS on purchases above ₹50 lakh for larger buyers, and safeguards for personal data. - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) Don't let an ERP vendor run their own demo. Bring your own data, give them a list of tests, and watch them do each one: change an entry and show the audit trail, reserve stock and try to ship it elsewhere, post an invoice to Tally and delete it there. A yes you didn't see demonstrated is a partly. - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) Decide first whether Tally stays as the books or goes. Then move masters, opening balances, outstanding bills, stock with its batches, and the history people actually look up, each checked against its source: count the rows, hold anything that matches two records for a person, and tag every import so it can be removed as a batch. Keep the audit trail unbroken through the switch. - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) Before a custom ERP is built, settle in writing who owns the code, what the licence covers and for how long, what the annual maintenance contract includes and costs, how changes are priced, how fast support answers, and how your data comes out at any time. Both ownership models are fair if they are stated. - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) A business is ready for an ERP when someone owns each process, the masters are clean enough to load, the owner will decide disputes between departments, and people will record work where it happens. Ten questions, each with what to fix first if the answer is no. - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) TallyPrime, ERPNext, Odoo and SAP Business One all handle Indian e-invoicing in some form; they differ in how they're licensed, where they run, and how far they bend to your process. A custom system fits the process exactly but has to be built. Score them against your own requirements, weighted by your priorities, not against a vendor's feature list. - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) A custom ERP goes live in phases, each in use before the next starts: a short modeling phase that maps the business and ends with a dated, fixed-price plan; then the records that must be right; then the daily work of each department; then reports and AI. Data migration is its own scoped piece of work, and the requirements' tests are the acceptance tests for each phase. - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) A small Indian manufacturer needs an ERP that works from its existing Excel BOMs, tracks material down to the plate or batch it cuts from, sets stock aside for each order, costs jobs from what was actually used, and keeps the GST books or posts cleanly into Tally. Above ₹5 crore turnover add e-invoicing; as a company, an audit trail. - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) A trading or distribution business needs stock tracked by the unit it picks and ships, reserved against each customer order so nothing is sold twice, moved by scanning across stores, purchase documents read in without retyping, and invoices that reach Tally or the GST books automatically. Above ₹5 crore, e-invoices; at ₹10 crore and above, the 30-day limit and TDS on large purchases. - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) An interior design or fit-out business needs quotations built from a BOQ, projects that show what each is waiting on, vendor and freight charges checked against agreed rates, labour logged against each job and payroll computed from attendance, and, where there are sister companies, each invoicing on its own letterhead and GSTIN from one system. ## Requirements by department - [Sales and CRM](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-and-crm) 6 requirements. What should an ERP do for sales? - [Purchase](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase) 7 requirements. What should an ERP do for purchasing? - [Stores and inventory](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-and-inventory) 6 requirements. How detailed should ERP stock tracking be? - [Production and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-and-bom) 5 requirements. What does a manufacturer need from an ERP on the shop floor? - [Quality and traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-and-traceability) 3 requirements. How should an ERP handle test certificates and traceability? - [Dispatch and logistics](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-and-logistics) 3 requirements. What should an ERP do at dispatch? - [Accounts and GST](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-and-gst) 12 requirements. Does an Indian ERP need to do the accounting itself? - [Payroll and people](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-and-people) 3 requirements. What should an ERP do for payroll? - [Customer and supplier portals](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#customer-and-supplier-portals) 3 requirements. Do customers and suppliers need access to the ERP? - [Reporting and AI](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-and-ai) 4 requirements. What should ERP reports and AI be able to do? - [Integrations](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations) 7 requirements. Which systems should an Indian ERP connect to? - [Reliability, access and support](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reliability-access-and-support) 8 requirements. What do ERP buyers forget to ask for? - [Contract and ownership](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-and-ownership) 4 requirements. What should an ERP contract settle before the build? Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP requirements builder: your checklist in five answers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check description: "Free ERP requirements builder for Indian businesses: answer five questions and get the requirements that apply to you, with e-invoice and audit-trail rules." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP requirements builder: your checklist in five answers Tell it what kind of business you run, your turnover, whether Tally stays, and which departments the system must cover. It picks the requirements that apply from 71, including the GST and company-law rules your turnover brings in, ready to print or open in Excel and send to vendors. It runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com 65 requirements apply. Download for Excel (CSV) Print or save as PDF [Send this to Ahrom Labs](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) ### Sales and CRM 1. Must Every enquiry has one current stage and a dated history from first contact to order, visible to everyone who works on it. Test: Open an enquiry from last quarter and show every call, quotation and stage change on it, with who did each and when. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-single-history) 2. Must Quotations are generated as PDFs in the company's own format, with revisions numbered and kept, from the same items and rates the order will use. Test: Revise a quotation twice and show all three versions, then convert the accepted one into an order without retyping a line. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-quotation-format) 3. Should History from the old CRM and spreadsheets is imported and checked row by row; a row that can't be matched to exactly one customer is held for a person, not guessed. Test: Ask how many rows of your old data would be imported, how many held for review, and how a held row is resolved. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-history-migration) 4. Should Follow-ups are planned with a date and an owner, and overdue ones are listed for each salesperson and their manager. Test: Show this week's due and overdue follow-ups for one salesperson, as their manager sees them. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-followups) 5. Should Win/loss, funnel, order and payment reports are computed from the enquiry, order and payment records themselves, not from a separate spreadsheet. Test: Pick one figure on the funnel report and drill down to the records that make it up. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-funnel-from-records) 6. Could Where the group has more than one company, each quotation and invoice is issued under the company chosen for it, with that company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN, from one shared customer list. Test: Raise one invoice for each company to the same customer and show both letterheads and GSTINs. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-multi-company) ### Purchase 1. Must Shortfalls against orders and bills of materials become purchase requests automatically, after stock and usable remnants are counted. Test: Release an order that needs more than is in stock and show the purchase request it creates, net of what's available. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-need-to-request) 2. Must Every supplier bill is matched against its purchase order and the goods receipt before it is approved for payment; differences in quantity or rate are flagged. Test: Receive less than was ordered, enter the supplier's bill for the full quantity, and show the mismatch flagged before approval. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-three-way-match) 3. Must Suppliers registered as micro or small enterprises are marked, and each of their bills shows its due date under the MSMED Act, with overdue bills listed before the year closes. Test: Mark a supplier as a micro enterprise, enter a bill, and show its due date and the list of MSME bills nearing or past it. Law: MSMED Act, 2006, section 15 (with Income-tax Act, 2025, section 37(2)(g)) [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-due-dates) 4. Should Each supplier receives a private link by email or WhatsApp to enter rates and delivery dates, with no account to create. Test: Send an RFQ to two suppliers, enter their rates on the links, and compare the quotes side by side. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-rfq-link) 5. Should Choosing a supplier's quote drafts the purchase order with the quoted rates and dates, without retyping. Test: Accept one supplier quote and open the purchase order it drafts. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-quote-to-po) 6. Should Every vendor and freight charge is compared with its agreed reference rate, and anything above it is flagged for a person. Test: Enter a freight trip above the agreed rate and show where it is flagged and who sees it. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-rate-check) 7. Should Year-end reports list MSME amounts paid after the section 15 time limit separately, so the accountant can treat them correctly in the tax computation. Test: Show the year-end list of MSME bills paid late, with bill date, acceptance date and payment date. Law: Income-tax Act, 2025, section 37(2)(g) (formerly section 43B(h) of the 1961 Act) [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-tax-deduction) ### Stores and inventory 1. Must Stock is tracked by each physical unit that is picked and shipped (a reel, a box, a plate), each with its own number and label, not only as a total quantity. Test: Receive two reels of the same part with different quantities and show each as its own unit with its own label. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-unit-level) 2. Must Stock is reserved against each customer order line; a reserved unit shows as reserved when scanned, and shipping it elsewhere needs a manager's override. Test: Reserve a unit for one order, then try to ship it on another and show the block and the override. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-reservations) 3. Must Stock balances are worked out from the movements themselves, not kept as a separate running total that can drift. Test: Show the movements behind one item's balance and that they add up to it exactly. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-balances-derived) 4. Should Stock moves in, out and between stores by scanning with a phone camera or scanner, not by typing codes. Test: Move three units between stores by scanning them with a phone, then show the move in both stores' records. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-scan-moves) 5. Should Stock is held in more than one store or site, including a partner's, and every move between them is logged unit by unit. Test: Show stock for one item split across two stores, and the log of the last move between them. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-multi-store) 6. Should Stock entries made by staff wait for a manager's approval before they change stock; a manager's own entries go through at once. Test: Enter a receipt as store staff, show it pending, approve it as a manager, and show the stock change only then. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-approval) ### Production and BOM 1. Must Bills of materials kept in Excel are imported as they are, matched to the item master and grouped into assemblies; a likely typo is suggested, never silently corrected. Test: Import one of your real BOM sheets and show how each unmatched line is handled. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-import) 2. Must A released bill of materials is frozen as a version that purchase and stores work from; later edits make a new version. Test: Release a BOM, edit a line, and show the released version unchanged and the edit as a new version. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-release) 3. Should At each cut, what was used and the usable remnant are recorded; remnant weights come from dimensions and density, and remnants return to stock to be matched to waiting BOM lines before anything is bought. Test: Cut a plate, record the remnant, and show it back in stock with its weight and offered against a waiting BOM line. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-cutting-remnants) 4. Should Each job is costed from the material and labour actually recorded against it, with each used piece costed by its share of the source piece. Test: Show one finished job's cost, and the issues and work logs behind each line of it. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-costing-from-use) 5. Should For each job or milestone the system shows what it is waiting on (material, drawing, approval, payment), worked out fresh each time it is opened. Test: Open a delayed job and show what it is waiting on, then clear the blocker and show the status change by itself. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-blockers) ### Quality and traceability 1. Must Material test certificates are kept once, in a bank, and linked to each piece of material and each product they apply to. Test: Show one certificate and every product it has been used for. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-certificate-bank) 2. Must The system may suggest which certificate belongs to which part, but a link that ends up in statutory paperwork is made only after a person confirms it. Test: Show a suggested certificate link waiting for confirmation, and that it doesn't appear in any document until confirmed. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-confirmed-links) 3. Should Statutory quality documents (for example a boiler's IBR folder) are assembled from the records already in the system, not compiled by hand. Test: Generate the statutory folder for one finished product and check each certificate in it against the material used. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-statutory-folder) ### Dispatch and logistics 1. Must For goods moving with a consignment value above ₹50,000, the e-way bill is generated from the invoice and dispatch record, without retyping into the portal. Test: Dispatch a consignment above ₹50,000 and show the e-way bill details produced from the invoice. Law: CGST Rules, 2017, rule 138 [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-eway-bill) 2. Should Packing lists, invoices and certificates for a dispatch are produced from the same order and released to the customer as they are issued. Test: Dispatch part of an order and show the packing list, invoice and certificates for exactly what left. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-documents) 3. Could Suppliers record each dispatch on their link (lines, quantities, transporter, vehicle, LR number, photos), so stores see what is on the way. Test: Record a supplier dispatch on the link and show it in stores' incoming list. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-supplier-dispatch) ### Accounts and GST 1. Must Every transaction in the books has an audit trail: an edit log of each change with the date it was made, which cannot be switched off. Test: Enter a purchase bill, change its amount, and show the edit log with the old value, the new value, the user and the time; then show there is no setting to disable it. Law: Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, rule 3(1), proviso [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail) 2. Must Where aggregate turnover has exceeded ₹5 crore in any year since 2017-18, B2B invoices, credit notes and debit notes get an IRN from the invoice registration portal before they are issued. Test: Issue a B2B invoice and show the IRN and signed QR code returned from the IRP on the printed invoice. Law: Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax, as amended by No. 10/2023–Central Tax (under CGST Rules, rule 48(4)) [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice) 3. Must If Tally stays as the books, approved invoices post into TallyPrime as vouchers automatically, and each posted voucher is checked against Tally's own data so one deleted inside Tally is flagged. Test: Approve an invoice, show the voucher in TallyPrime, delete it in Tally, and show it flagged as unconfirmed after the next sync. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tally-posting) 4. Should The audit trail has been on, without gaps, for every financial year from 1 April 2023, including for data migrated from an older system. Test: Show the audit trail for an entry made before the switch to the new system, and the first entry after it. Law: Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail-date) 5. Should GST rates by HSN, TDS rates and payroll slabs come from one registry that a person verifies, used by every module, not typed into each transaction. Test: Change a rate in the registry with an effective date and show transactions before and after it using the right rate. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-rates-registry) 6. Should Bank statement lines are matched to entries automatically only when the match is unique both ways; everything else goes to a person. Test: Import a statement with two receipts of the same amount and show that neither is matched automatically. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-bank-reconciliation) ### Payroll and people 1. Must Pay is computed from attendance, rates and advances recorded during the month, never typed as a final figure. Test: Show one worker's month: days present, rate, advances, and the pay the system worked out. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-computed) 2. Should Who worked on which order, and on which part, is logged daily, so labour shows up in job costs. Test: Log a day's work for two people on one order and show it in that order's cost. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-work-logs) 3. Should PF, ESI, professional tax and income-tax slabs come from the verified rate registry and are applied by rule, not typed per employee. Test: Show the deductions for one salaried employee and the registry entries they came from. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-statutory-slabs) ### Customer and supplier portals 1. Must The customer portal shows a customer only their own orders and documents; stock levels, other customers and internal prices are never exposed. Test: Sign in as one customer and try to open another customer's order by changing its number in the address. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#portals-no-stock-exposure) 2. Should Customers sign in to see each of their orders as plain-language stages worked out from what each department records, never typed for the customer. Test: Sign in as a customer, open an order, then move it forward internally and show the customer's view change. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#portals-customer-stages) 3. Could Drawings, certificates, packing lists and invoices appear to the customer as they are released, and drawings can be approved or uploaded there. Test: Release a drawing, approve it as the customer, and show the approval recorded on the order. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#portals-drawings) ### Reporting and AI 1. Must Every figure on every report can be opened to show the transactions it was computed from. Test: Pick a figure on the owner's dashboard and open the records behind it. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-traceable) 2. Should An AI assistant answers from fixed look-ups in code; it never writes a number itself, and any written answer containing a number not in the data is dropped. Test: Ask the assistant this month's sales in plain English and in Hinglish, then compare its answer with the sales report. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-assistant-no-invented-numbers) 3. Should AI reads purchase invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders and bank statements into the system, and a person approves each one before anything posts. Test: Upload five of your own documents and show the fields read, the corrections needed, and that nothing posted before approval. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-extraction-review) 4. Could Drawings, certificates, past quotations and decisions are searchable in plain words, and each answer shows the document it came from. Test: Search for a past quotation by what was quoted, not its number, and open the source. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-ai-search) ### Integrations 1. Must The ERP connects to TallyPrime through an agent on the Tally PC (Tally's gateway only listens there), with vouchers pushed and outstandings synced back on a fixed schedule. Test: Show the agent running beside TallyPrime and the last sync times for vouchers and masters. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-tally) 2. Must The ERP sends B2B invoices to the invoice registration portal and stores the IRN and signed QR code returned. Test: Generate an IRN from the ERP for a test invoice and show the QR code on the print. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-irp) 3. Should Receivables with ageing, payables, registers, cash, bank and stock are copied out of TallyPrime into the business system on a schedule, and show the last sync when Tally is off. Test: Show receivables ageing in the ERP and the time of its last sync from Tally. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-tally-receivables) 4. Should The ERP generates e-way bills through the NIC e-way bill system from dispatch records. Test: Generate an e-way bill for a test dispatch and show its number on the dispatch record. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-eway) 5. Should Bank statements are imported from the bank's PDF or file, read into lines, and offered for reconciliation. Test: Import one month's statement from your bank and show the lines it read. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-bank-statements) 6. Should Sheets people already keep (BOMs, price lists, opening stock) import through the interface, with each problem row shown rather than silently skipped. Test: Import a sheet with one bad row and show how the bad row is reported. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-excel-import) 7. Could Links that suppliers and customers act on (RFQs, quotations, reminders) can be sent on WhatsApp as well as email. Test: Send an RFQ link to a supplier on WhatsApp from the system. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-whatsapp) ### Reliability, access and support 1. Must When the connection drops, work in progress isn't lost: syncs retry by themselves, and a real error (a missing ledger, a rejected voucher) waits for a person. Test: Pull the network cable during a sync and show what happens to the queued entries when it's back. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-offline) 2. Must What each role can see is enforced by the system itself, not just hidden on screen; staff can be refused bank data entirely. Test: Sign in as staff and try to open a bank page directly by its address. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-role-access) 3. Must Logins created at setup must have their passwords changed on first sign-in. Test: Sign in with a newly created user and show the forced password change. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-default-passwords) 4. Must All business data can be exported at any time in standard formats, during the contract and at its end. Test: Ask for a full export of the demo data and open it in Excel. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-data-export) 5. Must Personal data of staff, customers and contacts is protected with reasonable security safeguards, and a breach can be traced and reported. Test: Ask who can see employees' personal details, how access is logged, and how a breach would be detected and reported. Law: Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(5) [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-personal-data) 6. Must Support requests have a stated response time in the contract, and the vendor has written documentation that lets another developer take the system over. Test: Ask for the response time in writing, and to see the system document for one of their live systems. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-support) 7. Should Agents and integrations sign in with their own machine identities, separate from people, so their actions are traceable and revocable. Test: Show the list of machine identities and revoke one. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-machine-identity) 8. Should Stores, site and sales staff can do their daily tasks on a phone: scanning stock, marking attendance, checking an order. Test: Do a stock scan and mark attendance on a phone, in front of you. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-phone) ### Contract and ownership 1. Must The contract states who owns the source code and the software, and what the buyer gets: the code itself, or a licence to use the system for a stated term. Test: Ask for the ownership clause in writing before the build starts. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-ownership) 2. Must A change is written down, priced and agreed before it is built, never billed after the fact. Test: Ask how the last change on one of their projects was priced and approved. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-changes) 3. Must The AMC states what it covers (licence, hosting, fixes, small changes), what it costs per year, and what is quoted separately. Test: Ask for the AMC scope and price in writing, and an example of something it doesn't cover. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-amc-scope) 4. Should Work is priced in fixed phases, each quoted before it starts, rather than an open-ended hourly bill. Test: Ask for the phase plan with a fixed price and a go-live date for each phase. [Why, and what good looks like](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-fixed-phases) ## What the answers change - **Turnover**: above ₹5 crore, B2B invoices need an e-invoice (IRN); at ₹10 crore and above, each must reach the portal within 30 days, and TDS on purchase of goods can apply. - **Company**: a company keeping its books in software needs an audit trail that can't be switched off. - **Tally**: if Tally stays, the system must post into it and check what it posted; if not, it must do the GST returns, period locks and fixed assets itself. - **Business**: production, BOM and certificate lines apply to manufacturers; stock and dispatch lines to anyone who holds goods. Each line links to why it is there and what good looks like. The full list, every line with its law and its proof, is the [checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements); the same lines with vendor scoring are in the [Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template). Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance description: "The Indian rules an ERP must meet in 2026, by turnover: audit trail, e-invoice (IRN), 30-day IRP limit, e-way bill, MSME 45 days, TDS on goods, DPDP." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS An ERP used in India has to meet rules the business is bound by: an audit trail that can't be switched off for companies keeping books in software (from 1 April 2023), e-invoices above ₹5 crore turnover, reporting to the portal within 30 days at ₹10 crore and above, e-way bills above ₹50,000, MSME payment limits of 45 days, TDS on purchases above ₹50 lakh for larger buyers, and safeguards for personal data. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Which rules apply to you](#which-rules-apply-to-you) 2. [Audit trail: every company keeping books in software](#audit-trail-every-company-keeping-books-in-software) 3. [E-invoice, and the 30-day limit](#e-invoice-and-the-30-day-limit) 4. [E-way bill](#e-way-bill) 5. [MSME payment limits, and why they matter for tax](#msme-payment-limits-and-why-they-matter-for-tax) 6. [TDS on purchase of goods](#tds-on-purchase-of-goods) 7. [Personal data](#personal-data) 8. [What changed, and when](#what-changed-and-when) 9. [What to ask a vendor](#what-to-ask-a-vendor) ## Which rules apply to you Most rules turn on two facts: whether the business is a company, and its turnover. The [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) applies these for you. | Rule | Applies when | What the ERP must do | | ------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Audit trail | A company keeps its books in software | Log every change with its date; can't be switched off | | E-invoice (IRN) | Aggregate turnover above ₹5 crore in any year since 2017-18 | Get an IRN for each B2B invoice, credit and debit note | | 30-day IRP limit | Annual aggregate turnover ₹10 crore and above | Report each e-invoice within 30 days of its date | | E-way bill | Goods move with a consignment value above ₹50,000 | Produce the e-way bill from the dispatch | | MSME payment limit | Buying from a micro or small enterprise | Track each bill's due date, at most 45 days from acceptance | | TDS on purchase of goods | A buyer with turnover above ₹10 crore in the previous year | Track each seller's yearly total; deduct beyond ₹50 lakh | | Personal data | Holding digital personal data of staff, customers or contacts | Reasonable security safeguards; breaches can be traced (rules on how: from May 2027) | ## Audit trail: every company keeping books in software Since 1 April 2023, a company that keeps its books in accounting software must use software that records an [audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail) of every transaction: an edit log of each change, with its date, that cannot be disabled. The rule is a proviso to rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, inserted in March 2021 and deferred twice to 1 April 2023\. The company's auditor reports on it. For an ERP that keeps the books, this means the old value, the new value, who changed it and when, for every entry, with no setting anywhere that turns it off. It also means no gap at cutover: the trail has to run through the move from the old system to the new one. See the [audit-trail requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail). ## E-invoice, and the 30-day limit From 1 August 2023, registered persons whose aggregate turnover exceeded ₹5 crore in any financial year from 2017-18 must [e-invoice](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice): each B2B invoice, credit note and debit note is registered on the invoice registration portal (IRP), which returns an IRN and a signed QR code. Notification 10/2023–Central Tax lowered the threshold from ₹10 crore. From 1 April 2025, taxpayers with annual aggregate turnover of ₹10 crore and above cannot report a document to the IRP more than 30 days after its date; the portal refuses it. An ERP for such a business should show which invoices are still unreported and how many days each has left. See the [e-invoice requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice). ## E-way bill Under rule 138 of the CGST Rules, an [e-way bill](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill) is needed before goods move with a consignment value exceeding ₹50,000\. The ERP should produce it from the invoice and the dispatch, not have someone retype the consignment into the portal at the gate. See the [e-way bill requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-eway-bill). ## MSME payment limits, and why they matter for tax Section 15 of the MSMED Act, 2006 (the [MSME payment rule](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/msme-payment-rule)) requires a buyer to pay a micro or small enterprise supplier by the agreed date, and the agreed period can never exceed 45 days from acceptance; with no written agreement, the Act's appointed day applies. Section 16 adds compound interest on late payment. The Income-tax Act, 2025, in section 37(2)(g), allows the deduction for an amount owed to such a supplier only when it is actually paid, if it is paid beyond that limit, and the usual grace until the return due date doesn't apply to it. So the ERP needs to know which suppliers are micro or small enterprises, and show each of their bills with its due date. How the rule applies to a particular business, a trader for example, is a question for your CA. See the [MSME requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-due-dates). ## TDS on purchase of goods Under the Income-tax Act, 2025, a buyer whose turnover exceeded ₹10 crore in the preceding tax year deducts tax on payments to a seller for goods beyond ₹50 lakh in the year ([TDS on purchases](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/tds-on-purchases)) (section 393(1), table row 8(ii), formerly section 194Q). The provision is a table, so it is cited here rather than quoted: read row 8(ii) and its note in the Act. The ERP has to keep each seller's running total for the year and start deducting on the bill that crosses it. See the [TDS requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tds-purchases). ## Personal data A business holding digital personal data, of employees, customers or contacts, is a data fiduciary under the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023\. Section 8 requires reasonable security safeguards to prevent a personal data breach and intimation of a breach in the prescribed way. For an ERP, that means access to personal details limited by role and logged, and a way to see who saw what. The Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (13 November 2025) set out how: the safeguards (rule 6) and breach intimation, including a detailed report to the Board within 72 hours (rule 7), come into force eighteen months after publication, in May 2027 (rule 1(4)). The Act's own sections are brought into force by separate notification, so check which are in force when you buy. If the system comes with an AI assistant, see [what it sends out](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety). See the [personal-data requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-personal-data). ## What changed, and when | Date | Change | | ----------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 7 Mar 2018 | Rule 138 substituted: e-way bill above ₹50,000 | | 24 Mar 2021 | Audit-trail proviso added to the Companies (Accounts) Rules | | 31 Mar 2022 | Audit trail deferred to financial years from 1 April 2023 | | 1 Aug 2023 | E-invoice threshold lowered to ₹5 crore | | 11 Aug 2023 | Digital Personal Data Protection Act published | | 1 Apr 2025 | 30-day IRP reporting limit extended to ₹10 crore and above | | 1 Apr 2026 | Income-tax Act, 2025 in force: MSME rule in section 37(2)(g), TDS on goods in section 393 | ## What to ask a vendor Ask the vendor to do each test on the checklist, in front of you: change an entry and show the audit trail; generate an IRN for a test invoice; list the invoices that are near the 30-day limit; produce an e-way bill from a dispatch; show an MSME supplier's bills with due dates. A vendor who can't show it doesn't have it yet. Ahrom Labs states its own gaps the same way: it has not yet built an IRP connection, and its e-way bill client is built but not yet live. Quoted from the official text (10) > “has a feature of recording audit trail of each and every transaction, creating an edit log of each change made in books of account along with the date when such changes were made and ensuring that the audit trail cannot be disabled” > > Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, rule 3(1), proviso > “the figures, letters and words “1st day of April, 2023” shall be substituted” > > Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 > “the words “five crore rupees” shall be substituted” > > Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax > “taxpayers with an AATO of 10 crores and above would not be allowed to report e-Invoices older than 30 days from the date of reporting on IRP portals” > > GSTN advisory, 5 November 2024 > “consignment value exceeding fifty thousand rupees” > > CGST Rules, 2017, rule 138 > “Provided that in no case the period agreed upon between the supplier and the buyer in writing shall exceed forty-five days from the day of acceptance or the day of deemed acceptance” > > MSMED Act, 2006, section 15, proviso > “amount payable by the assessee to a micro or small enterprise beyond the time limit specified in section 15 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006” > > Income-tax Act, 2025, section 37(2)(g) > “reasonable security safeguards to prevent personal data breach” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(5) > “Rules 3, 5 to 16, 22 and 23 shall come into force eighteen months after the date of publication” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, rule 1(4) > “within seventy-two hours of becoming aware of the breach, or within such longer period as the Board may allow on a request made in writing in this behalf” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025, rule 7(2)(b) Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist description: "ERP contract checklist for India: code ownership, licence term, AMC scope and cost, change pricing, support time, data export and DPDP terms." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data Before a custom ERP is built, settle in writing who owns the code, what the licence covers and for how long, what the annual maintenance contract includes and costs, how changes are priced, how fast support answers, and how your data comes out at any time. Both ownership models are fair if they are stated. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Two ownership models, both fair if stated](#two-ownership-models-both-fair-if-stated) 2. [Clauses to settle before the build](#clauses-to-settle-before-the-build) 3. [How Ahrom Labs does it](#how-ahrom-labs-does-it) ## Two ownership models, both fair if stated Custom software in India is sold in one of two ways, and buyers often don't find out which until they try to leave. | You own the code | The vendor licenses it | | | ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | | What you pay for | The build, and the code is handed over | A working system and a licence to use it | | After the build | You can take it to any developer | The licence runs with the maintenance contract | | Usually costs | More up front, plus whoever maintains it | Less up front, plus the annual contract | | Risk to watch | Code nobody else can maintain without documentation | Losing the licence if the contract ends | Neither is wrong. What is wrong is not knowing which one you signed. ## Clauses to settle before the build 1. **Ownership.** Who owns the source code and the software. If it's licensed, what the licence covers and for how long. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-ownership)) 2. **Your data.** That you can export all your business data, in standard formats, at any time, including at the end. Data you can't take out ties you tighter than any clause. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-data-export)) 3. **Pricing.** Fixed price per phase, quoted before each phase starts, or time and materials, with a cap. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-fixed-phases)) 4. **Changes.** How a change is written down, priced and agreed before it is built. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-changes)) 5. **The maintenance contract.** What it covers (licence, hosting, fixes, small changes), what it costs per year, and what is quoted separately. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-amc-scope)) 6. **Support.** Response time in writing, and documentation that lets another developer take the system over. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-support)) 7. **Hosting and storage.** Who pays for the server and the storage, and whether storage costs are passed on at the provider's price. 8. **Personal data.** If the vendor processes personal data on your behalf (staff, customers, contacts), the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 requires a valid contract for that: section 8(2). Name the vendor's duties for safeguards and breach intimation in it. ## How Ahrom Labs does it Stated plainly, as on the [engagement page](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement): - **Ahrom Labs owns the code.** You get a working system and a licence to use it for as long as the annual maintenance contract runs; the source code stays with Ahrom Labs. If the contract stops, the licence ends with it. - **Your data is yours** and can be exported at any time. - **Fixed price per phase**, after a short fixed-fee modeling phase; a change is priced and agreed before it is built. - **The AMC is 15–21% of the project value per year**, covering the licence, the server, fixes and small changes; a new module is its own phase. - **Support** requests are answered within 48 hours at most, and every system ships with a system document any developer or agent can pick it up from. If you need to own the code outright, say so before the build; it changes the price and the hand-over, and it is better settled first than discovered later. Quoted from the official text (1) > “A Data Fiduciary may engage, appoint, use or otherwise involve a Data Processor to process personal data on its behalf for any activity related to offering of goods or services to Data Principals only under a valid contract” > > Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(2) Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan description: "ERP implementation plan for Indian manufacturers and traders: phases from modeling to go-live, migration, acceptance tests, timeline and cost." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live A custom ERP goes live in phases, each in use before the next starts: a short modeling phase that maps the business and ends with a dated, fixed-price plan; then the records that must be right; then the daily work of each department; then reports and AI. Data migration is its own scoped piece of work, and the requirements' tests are the acceptance tests for each phase. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Why phases, each in use before the next](#why-phases-each-in-use-before-the-next) 2. [The phases](#the-phases) 3. [Data migration is its own piece of work](#data-migration-is-its-own-piece-of-work) 4. [The requirements are the acceptance tests](#the-requirements-are-the-acceptance-tests) 5. [How long it takes](#how-long-it-takes) 6. [What it costs](#what-it-costs) 7. [Your plan, in one line per phase](#your-plan-in-one-line-per-phase) ## Why phases, each in use before the next ERP projects in Indian SMEs usually fail the same way: people go back to Excel and WhatsApp because the system doesn't match how the business runs, and the old data turns out messier than anyone planned for. Phases that each go live and get used before the next one starts catch both early. You never pay for months of work you can't see, and a wrong assumption costs a phase, not the project. ## The phases | Phase | What it delivers | Done when | | ---------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | 0\. Modeling | A map of the business (entities, workflows, approvals, rules) and a dated plan with a fixed price per phase | The owner agrees the map and the plan | | 1\. Records that must be right | Masters, stock, opening balances, the ledger or the Tally link; migration of what's needed | Counts and balances tie to the old system | | 2\. Daily work, department by department | Sales, purchase, stores, production, dispatch, accounts, as the plan orders them | Each department works in the system, not beside it | | 3\. Portals | Customer and supplier access | Customers and suppliers use their links | | 4\. Reports and AI | Dashboards from the same records; assistants and document reading with human review | Figures trace to records; AI answers match the reports | The order inside phase 2 comes from the map: whatever the business can least afford to get wrong goes first. ## Data migration is its own piece of work Migration is scoped and quoted separately, before it starts, rather than discovered halfway. Every import is checked against its source, doubtful rows are held for a person, and each import is tagged so it can be removed as one batch. See [moving from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration). ## The requirements are the acceptance tests Every line on the [requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) has a test. Before a phase is signed off, run the tests for the lines it covers, on your own data. The same tests made the [vendor demo script](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script); using them again at go-live is how you find out whether what was shown is what was built. ## How long it takes It depends on how new the problem is. Something already built for another business can ship in days or weeks; genuinely new ground takes a couple of months, delivered in phases so part of it is in use early. The modeling phase ends with a date for each phase, so you know the timeline before you commit to the build. ## What it costs Published 2026 guides from other firms put a custom ERP for a small Indian manufacturer at roughly ₹3–15 lakh, and a fuller build for a mid-sized manufacturer at ₹15–40 lakh. Those are market figures, not a price list: two businesses that both want "an ERP" can need very different systems, which is why the price is fixed per phase only after the modeling phase. Maintenance after go-live usually runs as an annual contract. Ahrom Labs' terms, and the sources for those ranges, are on the [engagement page](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement); what to settle in the contract is in the [contract checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist). ## Your plan, in one line per phase Write the plan as a table: phase, what it delivers, the requirement lines it covers, the acceptance tests, the date, the price. If a vendor can't fill that table before the build, the plan isn't ready. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms description: "ERP requirements for interior design and fit-out firms in India: BOQ quotations, project blockers, vendor rate checks, payroll, two companies." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require An interior design or fit-out business needs quotations built from a BOQ, projects that show what each is waiting on, vendor and freight charges checked against agreed rates, labour logged against each job and payroll computed from attendance, and, where there are sister companies, each invoicing on its own letterhead and GSTIN from one system. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Start with these](#start-with-these) 2. [The rules that usually apply](#the-rules-that-usually-apply) 3. [What this looks like in a running system](#what-this-looks-like-in-a-running-system) 4. [Build your list](#build-your-list) ## Start with these 1. **Quotations from a BOQ**, with revisions kept and the accepted one turned into the order without retyping. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-quotation-format)) How to write the BOQ itself is in the [interior BOQ guide](https://ahromlabs.com/boq). 2. **What each project is waiting on**: material, drawing, approval or payment, worked out fresh each time. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-blockers)) 3. **Vendor and freight charges checked** against agreed rates, with overcharges flagged. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-rate-check)) 4. **Labour logged against each job**, so job costs include it. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-work-logs)) 5. **Payroll computed** from attendance, rates and advances, never typed. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-computed)) 6. **Two companies, one system**: each invoice under its own company's letterhead and GSTIN, from one client list. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-multi-company)) 7. **Staff see only their own cash entries**, and bank data is refused to them by the system. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-role-access)) ## The rules that usually apply - **Being a company:** the books need an [audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail). ([audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail)) - **Above ₹5 crore:** e-invoices for B2B work. ([e-invoice](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice)) - **Paying micro and small vendors:** due dates at most 45 days from acceptance. ([MSME](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-due-dates)) All of them, quoted from the official text: [compliance requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance). ## What this looks like in a running system Savistar, an interior design studio, and Saag, its sister furniture workshop, run one system: projects and site visits for Savistar, workshop orders for Saag, and one combined finance ledger. Each invoice picks its own company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN; vendor and freight charges are checked against reference rates; payroll is days × rate − advances, never typed; and an AI assistant answers from their own records in English or Hinglish. Quotations are built from a BOQ library, with payment stages that become invoices. See [software for interior design firms](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture), or try the [interiors demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo), where one freight trip is overcharged on purpose. ## Build your list The [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) with "Project businesses" selected gives the full list for your turnover and whether Tally stays. If the system will have an AI assistant, [what it should answer for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms) lists the questions, with what Atelier AI answers today. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness description: "ERP readiness checklist for Indian manufacturers and traders: ten questions on processes, masters, owners and data, and what to fix first." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check A business is ready for an ERP when someone owns each process, the masters are clean enough to load, the owner will decide disputes between departments, and people will record work where it happens. Ten questions, each with what to fix first if the answer is no. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [The ten questions](#the-ten-questions) 2. [Scoring it](#scoring-it) 3. [Why this order](#why-this-order) ## The ten questions Answer each yes or no. Each no is something to fix before, or as the first phase of, any system. 1. **Can you draw how an order moves**, from enquiry to payment, with who does what at each step? If not, that map is the first piece of work; a system built on the wrong picture makes the workarounds faster. 2. **Does each process have one owner** who can say how it should work? Without one, the system inherits every disagreement. 3. **Are your masters clean?** One record per customer, supplier and item, with GSTINs and HSN codes that are right. Duplicates in Tally become duplicates in the ERP. 4. **Do you know your stock** to the level you pick and ship (a reel, a box, a plate), or only as totals? If only totals, plan a stock count before go-live. 5. **Is there one place for each number?** If the same figure lives in Tally, a spreadsheet and someone's notebook, decide now which one is the truth. 6. **Will people record work where it happens**, on a phone on the floor or at site, rather than at a desk at day end? 7. **Will the owner decide** when sales and production disagree about how something should work? Systems fail more often from undecided questions than from code. 8. **Do you know which compliance rules apply?** Turnover decides [e-invoicing](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice) and its 30-day limit; being a company decides the [audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail). See [compliance requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance). 9. **Have you decided about Tally?** Keep it as the books, or move the books into the new system. See [moving from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration). 10. **Can you name the first thing the system must get right?** The records that must be right come first; everything else is a later phase. ## Scoring it - **8 to 10 yes:** ready. Write your requirements with the [builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) and start talking to vendors. - **5 to 7:** ready if the first phase is mapping the business and cleaning masters, not building screens. - **Under 5:** start with the map. Buying a system before the processes are decided is how ERP projects stall. ## Why this order Ahrom Labs starts every engagement with a short modeling phase that answers most of these questions: what exists, who owns it, which records must be right, and what each phase delivers. You keep the model and the plan whether or not you continue. See [how an engagement runs](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) and the [requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements). Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP requirements checklist for Indian manufacturers and traders" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements description: "ERP requirements checklist for Indian manufacturers and traders: testable requirements by department, with vendor demo tests and quoted GST and MCA rules." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP requirements checklist for Indian manufacturers and traders 71 ERP requirements in 13 departments, each written so you can test it: what to ask for, why it matters, and what to make a vendor show you. Indian statutory requirements are quoted from the official text, and figures come from systems running today. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Sales and CRM](#sales-and-crm) 2. [Purchase](#purchase) 3. [Stores and inventory](#stores-and-inventory) 4. [Production and BOM](#production-and-bom) 5. [Quality and traceability](#quality-and-traceability) 6. [Dispatch and logistics](#dispatch-and-logistics) 7. [Accounts and GST](#accounts-and-gst) 8. [Payroll and people](#payroll-and-people) 9. [Customer and supplier portals](#customer-and-supplier-portals) 10. [Reporting and AI](#reporting-and-ai) 11. [Integrations](#integrations) 12. [Reliability, access and support](#reliability-access-and-support) 13. [Contract and ownership](#contract-and-ownership) Every line has a test: ask the vendor to do it in front of you, and check it again before go-live. Lines marked with a law are required of the business, not just good practice. To get only the lines that apply to you, use the [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check); to send them out, use the [Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template). Version 1.0. Free to reuse under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), with credit to Ahrom Labs. As data: [JSON](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements.json) · [CSV](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/erp-requirements-template.csv). Cite as: Ahrom Labs, “ERP requirements checklist for Indian manufacturers and traders”, version 1.0, ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements. ## Sales and CRM **What should an ERP do for sales?** Hold every enquiry, quotation and order in one place with its history, so follow-ups don't depend on someone's memory and every report reads the same records. ### Can every enquiry's history be seen in one place? Every enquiry has one current stage and a dated history from first contact to order, visible to everyone who works on it. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Follow-ups that live in one person's phone leave with that person. - **What to make a vendor show:** Open an enquiry from last quarter and show every call, quotation and stage change on it, with who did each and when. [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) · [Try it in the demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Sales) ### What happens to the sales history in our old CRM and Excel? History from the old CRM and spreadsheets is imported and checked row by row; a row that can't be matched to exactly one customer is held for a person, not guessed. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A migration that guesses silently attaches quotations to the wrong customer, and nobody trusts the reports after. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask how many rows of your old data would be imported, how many held for review, and how a held row is resolved. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 20,167 of 20,167, including 154 a broken export had shifted - **What went wrong without it:** A broken export shifted 154 diary rows; a row-by-row check caught them instead of importing them against the wrong dates. [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) · [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) · [Glossary: Data migration](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/data-migration) ### Can quotations go out in our own format? Quotations are generated as PDFs in the company's own format, with revisions numbered and kept, from the same items and rates the order will use. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Retyping a quotation into an order is where rates and quantities drift. - **What to make a vendor show:** Revise a quotation twice and show all three versions, then convert the accepted one into an order without retyping a line. [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) · [Try it in the demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Sales) ### How does the team know which follow-ups are due? Follow-ups are planned with a date and an owner, and overdue ones are listed for each salesperson and their manager. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Enquiries are lost to silence more often than to price. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show this week's due and overdue follow-ups for one salesperson, as their manager sees them. [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) ### Do sales reports come from the same records as the work? Win/loss, funnel, order and payment reports are computed from the enquiry, order and payment records themselves, not from a separate spreadsheet. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Two sources of the same number always disagree eventually. - **What to make a vendor show:** Pick one figure on the funnel report and drill down to the records that make it up. [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) · [Pattern: Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) ### Can one system invoice for two companies? Where the group has more than one company, each quotation and invoice is issued under the company chosen for it, with that company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN, from one shared customer list. Could · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Sister companies running separate software end up with two customer lists and two versions of the truth. - **What to make a vendor show:** Raise one invoice for each company to the same customer and show both letterheads and GSTINs. [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) · [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) · [Try it in the demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Office) ## Purchase **What should an ERP do for purchasing?** Turn what production and stores need into requests for quotation, compare supplier quotes side by side, and raise the purchase order from the chosen one. ### How does a shortage become a purchase? Shortfalls against orders and bills of materials become purchase requests automatically, after stock and usable remnants are counted. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Buying what is already on the shelf is the most common, least visible waste. - **What to make a vendor show:** Release an order that needs more than is in stock and show the purchase request it creates, net of what's available. [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ### Can suppliers quote without being given a login? Each supplier receives a private link by email or WhatsApp to enter rates and delivery dates, with no account to create. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Suppliers won't sign up to every customer's portal; rates then arrive by phone and get lost. - **What to make a vendor show:** Send an RFQ to two suppliers, enter their rates on the links, and compare the quotes side by side. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** The link — no login, no account, no app [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) · [Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/suppliers-quote-on-a-link) · [Try it in the demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Procurement) ### Does choosing a supplier quote create the purchase order? Choosing a supplier's quote drafts the purchase order with the quoted rates and dates, without retyping. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Rates retyped from a quote into a PO are where overpayments start. - **What to make a vendor show:** Accept one supplier quote and open the purchase order it drafts. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** Choosing a quote drafts the purchase order [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) ### Is each supplier bill checked against the order and what was received? Every supplier bill is matched against its purchase order and the goods receipt before it is approved for payment; differences in quantity or rate are flagged. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Paying for what was ordered rather than what arrived is how short supplies get paid in full. - **What to make a vendor show:** Receive less than was ordered, enter the supplier's bill for the full quantity, and show the mismatch flagged before approval. [Glossary: Three-way match](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/three-way-match) ### Are vendor and freight charges checked against agreed rates? Every vendor and freight charge is compared with its agreed reference rate, and anything above it is flagged for a person. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Small overcharges on repeat trips add up and are rarely caught by eye. - **What to make a vendor show:** Enter a freight trip above the agreed rate and show where it is flagged and who sees it. [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) · [Pattern: Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reference-rate-anomaly-detection) · [Try it in the demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Vendors (one freight trip is overcharged on purpose)) ### Does the ERP track payments due to MSME suppliers? Suppliers registered as micro or small enterprises are marked, and each of their bills shows its due date under the MSMED Act, with overdue bills listed before the year closes. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A payment to a micro or small supplier made after the legal time limit is not deductible as an expense in the year it was incurred. - **What to make a vendor show:** Mark a supplier as a micro enterprise, enter a bill, and show its due date and the list of MSME bills nearing or past it. - **The law:** Provided that in no case the period agreed upon between the supplier and the buyer in writing shall exceed forty-five days from the day of acceptance or the day of deemed acceptance [MSMED Act, 2006, section 15 (with Income-tax Act, 2025, section 37(2)(g))](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). In force: Payment limit since 2006; the tax link since the Finance Act, 2023, carried into the Income-tax Act, 2025. Applies to: Any buyer of goods or services from a micro or small enterprise. [Glossary: MSME payment rule](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/msme-payment-rule) ### Why does the MSME due date matter for tax? Year-end reports list MSME amounts paid after the section 15 time limit separately, so the accountant can treat them correctly in the tax computation. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** The Income-tax Act, 2025 allows that deduction only on actual payment, with none of the usual grace until the return due date. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the year-end list of MSME bills paid late, with bill date, acceptance date and payment date. - **The law:** amount payable by the assessee to a micro or small enterprise beyond the time limit specified in section 15 of the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006 [Income-tax Act, 2025, section 37(2)(g) (formerly section 43B(h) of the 1961 Act)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). In force: From 1 April 2026 under the 2025 Act. Applies to: A business claiming the expense; confirm with your CA how it applies to you. [Glossary: MSME payment rule](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/msme-payment-rule) ## Stores and inventory **How detailed should ERP stock tracking be?** Down to the physical unit you actually pick and ship, a reel, a box, a plate, in each store, with stock promised to an order set aside so it can't be sold twice. ### Should stock be tracked by quantity or by each physical unit? Stock is tracked by each physical unit that is picked and shipped (a reel, a box, a plate), each with its own number and label, not only as a total quantity. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Customers order quantities, but stores ship units of different sizes; a total can't tell you which unit fills an order. - **What to make a vendor show:** Receive two reels of the same part with different quantities and show each as its own unit with its own label. [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) · [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) · [Try it in the demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Store staff) ### How should stock movements be recorded? Stock moves in, out and between stores by scanning with a phone camera or scanner, not by typing codes. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Typed codes are where most stock errors begin. - **What to make a vendor show:** Move three units between stores by scanning them with a phone, then show the move in both stores' records. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** Scan into a cart with a phone camera or scanner [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ### Can we hold stock in more than one place? Stock is held in more than one store or site, including a partner's, and every move between them is logged unit by unit. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Stock that leaves your building leaves your records if the system has only one location. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show stock for one item split across two stores, and the log of the last move between them. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 5,256, none lost [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) · [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) ### Can stock promised to one customer be sold to another? Stock is reserved against each customer order line; a reserved unit shows as reserved when scanned, and shipping it elsewhere needs a manager's override. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Without reservations the same reel is promised twice and one customer finds out on delivery day. - **What to make a vendor show:** Reserve a unit for one order, then try to ship it on another and show the block and the override. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** Whole reels per customer PO line, oldest first; shipping one elsewhere needs a manager's override [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) · [Glossary: Stock reservation](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/stock-reservation) · [Try it in the demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Owner) ### Should staff stock entries be approved? Stock entries made by staff wait for a manager's approval before they change stock; a manager's own entries go through at once. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** An unchecked entry changes the stock everyone else relies on. - **What to make a vendor show:** Enter a receipt as store staff, show it pending, approve it as a manager, and show the stock change only then. [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ### How is the stock balance kept right? Stock balances are worked out from the movements themselves, not kept as a separate running total that can drift. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** A stored total that is edited directly stops matching its movements, and nobody can say which is right. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the movements behind one item's balance and that they add up to it exactly. [Pattern: Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) ## Production and BOM **What does a manufacturer need from an ERP on the shop floor?** A bill of materials the rest of the system works from, cutting and consumption recorded as it happens, and costs that come from what was actually used. ### Can our existing Excel BOMs be imported? Bills of materials kept in Excel are imported as they are, matched to the item master and grouped into assemblies; a likely typo is suggested, never silently corrected. Must · Manufacturing - **Why:** Re-entering every BOM by hand delays go-live by months and introduces its own errors. - **What to make a vendor show:** Import one of your real BOM sheets and show how each unmatched line is handled. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 6 [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) · [Pattern: Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system) · [Try it in the demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Engineering) ### How do purchase and stores know which BOM to work from? A released bill of materials is frozen as a version that purchase and stores work from; later edits make a new version. Must · Manufacturing - **Why:** When the BOM changes under people's feet, materials are bought against the wrong revision. - **What to make a vendor show:** Release a BOM, edit a line, and show the released version unchanged and the edit as a new version. [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ### Can offcuts go back into stock? At each cut, what was used and the usable remnant are recorded; remnant weights come from dimensions and density, and remnants return to stock to be matched to waiting BOM lines before anything is bought. Should · Manufacturing - **Why:** Remnants left off the books are bought again. - **What to make a vendor show:** Cut a plate, record the remnant, and show it back in stock with its weight and offered against a waiting BOM line. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 157.00 kg → 127.17 used + 15.70 remnant + 14.13 scrap [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) · [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) · [Try it in the demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Production) ### Are job costs worked out from what was actually used? Each job is costed from the material and labour actually recorded against it, with each used piece costed by its share of the source piece. Should · Manufacturing, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Costs estimated after the fact hide which jobs lose money. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show one finished job's cost, and the issues and work logs behind each line of it. [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) ### Can we see what each job is waiting on? For each job or milestone the system shows what it is waiting on (material, drawing, approval, payment), worked out fresh each time it is opened. Should · Manufacturing, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A status field typed by hand is out of date the day after it's typed. - **What to make a vendor show:** Open a delayed job and show what it is waiting on, then clear the blocker and show the status change by itself. [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) · [Pattern: Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) ## Quality and traceability **How should an ERP handle test certificates and traceability?** Every certificate linked to the material and the product it went into, with links that end up in statutory paperwork confirmed by a person. ### How should material test certificates be stored? Material test certificates are kept once, in a bank, and linked to each piece of material and each product they apply to. Must · Manufacturing - **Why:** A certificate filed per order is copied, misfiled and hard to find at inspection. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show one certificate and every product it has been used for. [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) · [Glossary: Material traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-traceability) ### Can the system link certificates to parts automatically? The system may suggest which certificate belongs to which part, but a link that ends up in statutory paperwork is made only after a person confirms it. Must · Manufacturing - **Why:** A wrong automatic link in a statutory folder is a compliance failure, not a typo. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show a suggested certificate link waiting for confirmation, and that it doesn't appear in any document until confirmed. [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) · [Pattern: AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) ### Can the ERP assemble statutory quality documents? Statutory quality documents (for example a boiler's IBR folder) are assembled from the records already in the system, not compiled by hand. Should · Manufacturing - **Why:** Compiling a folder by hand from files takes days and repeats errors. - **What to make a vendor show:** Generate the statutory folder for one finished product and check each certificate in it against the material used. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** IBR 2026 Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B (Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950), from a bank of material test certificates [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) ## Dispatch and logistics **What should an ERP do at dispatch?** Release only what is ready, carry the documents the goods must travel with, and let the customer see where their order is. ### Does the ERP need to generate e-way bills? For goods moving with a consignment value above ₹50,000, the e-way bill is generated from the invoice and dispatch record, without retyping into the portal. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Goods moving without a valid e-way bill can be stopped in transit. - **What to make a vendor show:** Dispatch a consignment above ₹50,000 and show the e-way bill details produced from the invoice. - **The law:** consignment value exceeding fifty thousand rupees [CGST Rules, 2017, rule 138](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). In force: Rule 138 as substituted on 7 March 2018. Applies to: A registered person causing goods to move above the value limit. - **Ahrom Labs:** Built by Ahrom Labs, not yet live. [Glossary: E-way bill](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill) ### Which documents should leave with the goods? Packing lists, invoices and certificates for a dispatch are produced from the same order and released to the customer as they are issued. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Documents prepared separately from the dispatch don't match what's in the truck. - **What to make a vendor show:** Dispatch part of an order and show the packing list, invoice and certificates for exactly what left. [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ### Can stores see what suppliers have dispatched? Suppliers record each dispatch on their link (lines, quantities, transporter, vehicle, LR number, photos), so stores see what is on the way. Could · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Stores that learn of a delivery when the truck arrives can't plan the unloading or the inspection. - **What to make a vendor show:** Record a supplier dispatch on the link and show it in stores' incoming list. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** Lines and quantities, transporter, vehicle, LR number, up to 3 photos or PDFs [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) ## Accounts and GST **Does an Indian ERP need to do the accounting itself?** Either it keeps the books, with GST, TDS and an audit trail the law requires, or it posts cleanly into Tally. What it must not do is make your accountant type everything twice. ### Does my ERP need an audit trail? Every transaction in the books has an audit trail: an edit log of each change with the date it was made, which cannot be switched off. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A company keeping its books in software must use software with this feature, and its auditor reports on it. - **What to make a vendor show:** Enter a purchase bill, change its amount, and show the edit log with the old value, the new value, the user and the time; then show there is no setting to disable it. - **The law:** has a feature of recording audit trail of each and every transaction, creating an edit log of each change made in books of account along with the date when such changes were made and ensuring that the audit trail cannot be disabled [Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, rule 3(1), proviso](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). In force: Financial years from 1 April 2023 (date substituted by G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022). Applies to: Every company that keeps its books of account in accounting software. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [Glossary: Audit trail (edit log)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail) ### From when does the audit-trail rule apply? The audit trail has been on, without gaps, for every financial year from 1 April 2023, including for data migrated from an older system. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** The requirement runs for the whole year; a gap during a migration is still a gap. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the audit trail for an entry made before the switch to the new system, and the first entry after it. - **The law:** the figures, letters and words “1st day of April, 2023” shall be substituted [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). In force: 1 April 2023. Applies to: Companies keeping books in accounting software. [Glossary: Audit trail (edit log)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail) ### Does my ERP need to generate e-invoices? Where aggregate turnover has exceeded ₹5 crore in any year since 2017-18, B2B invoices, credit notes and debit notes get an IRN from the invoice registration portal before they are issued. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · turnover above ₹5 crore - **Why:** Above the threshold, a B2B invoice without an IRN isn't a valid tax invoice. - **What to make a vendor show:** Issue a B2B invoice and show the IRN and signed QR code returned from the IRP on the printed invoice. - **The law:** the words “five crore rupees” shall be substituted [Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax, as amended by No. 10/2023–Central Tax (under CGST Rules, rule 48(4))](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). In force: 1 August 2023. Applies to: Registered persons whose aggregate turnover exceeded ₹5 crore in any financial year from 2017-18. - **Ahrom Labs:** Not yet built by Ahrom Labs. [Glossary: E-invoice (IRN)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice) ### Is there a time limit for reporting e-invoices? Where annual aggregate turnover is ₹10 crore or more, every e-invoice, credit note and debit note is reported to the IRP within 30 days of its date, and the system warns before that window closes. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · turnover above ₹10 crore - **Why:** After 30 days the portal refuses the document, and the invoice can't be made valid. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the list of invoices not yet reported to the IRP, with the days left for each. - **The law:** taxpayers with an AATO of 10 crores and above would not be allowed to report e-Invoices older than 30 days from the date of reporting on IRP portals [GSTN advisory, 5 November 2024](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). In force: 1 April 2025. Applies to: Taxpayers with annual aggregate turnover (AATO) of ₹10 crore and above. - **Ahrom Labs:** Not yet built by Ahrom Labs. [Glossary: E-invoice (IRN)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice) ### Can GST returns come straight from the ERP? GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B are prepared from the sales, purchase and stock records already in the system, and input tax credit is reconciled against them. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally is replaced - **Why:** Returns rebuilt in a spreadsheet each month drift from the books. - **What to make a vendor show:** Produce last month's GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B from the system and tie one line of each back to its invoice. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** GSTR-1 (B2B and HSN) and GSTR-3B [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) ### Where do GST and TDS rates come from? GST rates by HSN, TDS rates and payroll slabs come from one registry that a person verifies, used by every module, not typed into each transaction. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A rate changed by notification has to change once, everywhere, on the right date. - **What to make a vendor show:** Change a rate in the registry with an effective date and show transactions before and after it using the right rate. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems) · [Pattern: Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) ### Does the ERP handle TDS on purchase of goods? Where the business is a buyer with turnover above ₹10 crore in the previous year, purchases from a seller beyond ₹50 lakh in the year attract TDS, and the system tracks each seller's running total and deducts from the right bill. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution · turnover above ₹10 crore - **Why:** The threshold is per seller per year; tracking it by hand misses the bill that crosses it. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show one supplier's purchases this year against the ₹50 lakh threshold and the bill on which deduction started. - **The law:** The provision is a table whose columns are split in the Gazette PDF, so no phrase is quotable word for word; read it in the Act, row 8(ii) of the section 393(1) table and the buyer definition in its Note. [Income-tax Act, 2025, section 393(1), Table, Sl. No. 8(ii) and its Note](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). In force: From 1 April 2026 under the 2025 Act (formerly section 194Q of the 1961 Act). Applies to: A buyer whose turnover exceeded ₹10 crore in the preceding tax year; confirm with your CA. [Glossary: TDS on purchase of goods](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/tds-on-purchases) ### Can a filed period be changed afterwards? A period whose returns have been filed is locked; any later correction goes in as a dated adjustment, with the audit trail intact. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally is replaced - **Why:** A filed return that no longer matches the books is a notice waiting to happen. - **What to make a vendor show:** Lock last month, try to edit an invoice in it, and show the block and the correct adjustment route. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ### How should bank reconciliation work? Bank statement lines are matched to entries automatically only when the match is unique both ways; everything else goes to a person. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** An automatic match that guesses between two equal amounts settles the wrong bill. - **What to make a vendor show:** Import a statement with two receipts of the same amount and show that neither is matched automatically. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [Pattern: Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/auto-match-only-when-mutually-unique) ### Does the ERP handle reverse charge? Purchases under reverse charge are marked, and the tax payable on them is computed and shown in the returns. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally is replaced - **Why:** Reverse-charge tax is easy to miss because no supplier invoice shows it. - **What to make a vendor show:** Enter a reverse-charge purchase and show the tax liability it creates in the return. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [Glossary: Reverse charge](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/reverse-charge) ### Should the ERP keep the fixed-asset register? Fixed assets are kept in a register with cost, date put to use and depreciation, posted to the ledger. Could · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally is replaced - **Why:** A register in a separate spreadsheet stops agreeing with the ledger by the first year end. - **What to make a vendor show:** Add an asset, run depreciation for the year, and show the ledger entries it made. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) · [Glossary: Fixed-asset register](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-asset-register) ### Can we keep Tally and still use an ERP? If Tally stays as the books, approved invoices post into TallyPrime as vouchers automatically, and each posted voucher is checked against Tally's own data so one deleted inside Tally is flagged. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally stays - **Why:** Two sets of books that aren't checked against each other diverge silently. - **What to make a vendor show:** Approve an invoice, show the voucher in TallyPrime, delete it in Tally, and show it flagged as unconfirmed after the next sync. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 30 seconds - **What went wrong without it:** A voucher deleted inside Tally looked posted in the app until every voucher was checked against Tally's data. [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) · [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) · [Pattern: After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) ## Payroll and people **What should an ERP do for payroll?** Work pay out from attendance, rates and advances, never type it, and keep each person's data visible only to those who need it. ### Should payroll be typed or computed? Pay is computed from attendance, rates and advances recorded during the month, never typed as a final figure. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A typed pay figure can't be checked; a computed one can be traced to each day. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show one worker's month: days present, rate, advances, and the pay the system worked out. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** Computed: days × rate − advances, never typed [Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) · [Try it in the demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as People) ### Can labour be logged against jobs? Who worked on which order, and on which part, is logged daily, so labour shows up in job costs. Should · Manufacturing, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Labour not logged against a job makes every job look more profitable than it is. - **What to make a vendor show:** Log a day's work for two people on one order and show it in that order's cost. [Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ### Are PF, ESI and professional tax worked out by the ERP? PF, ESI, professional tax and income-tax slabs come from the verified rate registry and are applied by rule, not typed per employee. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Slabs change by notification; typed values don't. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the deductions for one salaried employee and the registry entries they came from. [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ## Customer and supplier portals **Do customers and suppliers need access to the ERP?** A limited view: customers follow their own orders and documents, suppliers quote and record dispatch on a link, and neither ever sees your stock or prices. ### Can customers follow their own orders? Customers sign in to see each of their orders as plain-language stages worked out from what each department records, never typed for the customer. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Status typed for the customer goes stale, and the phone keeps ringing. - **What to make a vendor show:** Sign in as a customer, open an order, then move it forward internally and show the customer's view change. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 9, from Order Received to Commissioning [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) · [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) · [Try it in the demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as Customer portal) ### What should customers never see? The customer portal shows a customer only their own orders and documents; stock levels, other customers and internal prices are never exposed. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** A portal built on internal screens leaks what competitors would pay to know. - **What to make a vendor show:** Sign in as one customer and try to open another customer's order by changing its number in the address. [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) · [Pattern: Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) ### Can customers approve drawings online? Drawings, certificates, packing lists and invoices appear to the customer as they are released, and drawings can be approved or uploaded there. Could · Manufacturing - **Why:** Drawing approvals by email get lost between versions. - **What to make a vendor show:** Release a drawing, approve it as the customer, and show the approval recorded on the order. [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ## Reporting and AI **What should ERP reports and AI be able to do?** Answer from the same records the business runs on, show where each number came from, flag what looks wrong, and never invent a figure. ### Can every report figure be traced to records? Every figure on every report can be opened to show the transactions it was computed from. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A number nobody can trace is a number nobody acts on. - **What to make a vendor show:** Pick a figure on the owner's dashboard and open the records behind it. [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) · [Pattern: Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) ### Can an AI assistant answer questions from our books safely? An AI assistant answers from fixed look-ups in code; it never writes a number itself, and any written answer containing a number not in the data is dropped. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** An assistant that writes its own figures will, sooner or later, give one that doesn't match the accounts. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask the assistant this month's sales in plain English and in Hinglish, then compare its answer with the sales report. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real phrasings, including Hinglish [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) · [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) · [How to test an AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) · [Try it in the demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) (sign in as any sample login (two free questions)) ### Can AI read our purchase documents? AI reads purchase invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders and bank statements into the system, and a person approves each one before anything posts. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Typing documents in is slow; posting AI output unchecked is worse. - **What to make a vendor show:** Upload five of your own documents and show the fields read, the corrections needed, and that nothing posted before approval. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 88–95% [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) · [AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop) · [Pattern: AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) ### Can we search old documents and decisions? Drawings, certificates, past quotations and decisions are searchable in plain words, and each answer shows the document it came from. Could · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** What the business already knows is useless if only one person can find it. - **What to make a vendor show:** Search for a past quotation by what was quoted, not its number, and open the source. [RAG and knowledge graphs over your business](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) · [Pattern: Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only) ## Integrations **Which systems should an Indian ERP connect to?** Whatever you can't replace: TallyPrime, the GST portals, your bank statements and the Excel sheets people already keep. ### How can a cloud ERP connect to TallyPrime? The ERP connects to TallyPrime through an agent on the Tally PC (Tally's gateway only listens there), with vouchers pushed and outstandings synced back on a fixed schedule. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally stays - **Why:** TallyPrime has no cloud API; a vendor who says otherwise should show how. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the agent running beside TallyPrime and the last sync times for vouchers and masters. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 4 — local agent, hardened agent, MCP server, CSV/JSON files [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) · [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) · [Pattern: Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) ### Can Tally's receivables show in the ERP? Receivables with ageing, payables, registers, cash, bank and stock are copied out of TallyPrime into the business system on a schedule, and show the last sync when Tally is off. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · if Tally stays - **Why:** Sales chasing payments without Tally access calls accounts for every balance. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show receivables ageing in the ERP and the time of its last sync from Tally. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 15 minutes [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) ### Does the ERP connect to the e-invoice portal? The ERP sends B2B invoices to the invoice registration portal and stores the IRN and signed QR code returned. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) · turnover above ₹5 crore - **Why:** Copying invoices into the portal by hand is where the 30-day limit is missed. - **What to make a vendor show:** Generate an IRN from the ERP for a test invoice and show the QR code on the print. - **Ahrom Labs:** Not yet built by Ahrom Labs. [Glossary: E-invoice (IRN)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice) ### Does the ERP connect to the e-way bill system? The ERP generates e-way bills through the NIC e-way bill system from dispatch records. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution - **Why:** Retyping consignments into the portal at the gate delays the truck. - **What to make a vendor show:** Generate an e-way bill for a test dispatch and show its number on the dispatch record. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** Direct NIC client built to the official v1.03 spec; live once the NIC account is set up - **Ahrom Labs:** Built by Ahrom Labs, not yet live. [Glossary: E-way bill](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill) ### Can bank statements be imported? Bank statements are imported from the bank's PDF or file, read into lines, and offered for reconciliation. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Typing a month of statement lines takes a day and adds errors. - **What to make a vendor show:** Import one month's statement from your bank and show the lines it read. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** 89% [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) ### Can data still come in from Excel? Sheets people already keep (BOMs, price lists, opening stock) import through the interface, with each problem row shown rather than silently skipped. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** If Excel stays the way data enters, the ERP has to accept it cleanly. - **What to make a vendor show:** Import a sheet with one bad row and show how the bad row is reported. [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ### Can the ERP send WhatsApp messages? Links that suppliers and customers act on (RFQs, quotations, reminders) can be sent on WhatsApp as well as email. Could · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Indian customers and suppliers answer WhatsApp before email. - **What to make a vendor show:** Send an RFQ link to a supplier on WhatsApp from the system. [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) ## Reliability, access and support **What do ERP buyers forget to ask for?** What happens when the internet drops, who can see what, how you get your data out, and how fast someone answers when it breaks. ### What happens when the factory internet drops? When the connection drops, work in progress isn't lost: syncs retry by themselves, and a real error (a missing ledger, a rejected voucher) waits for a person. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Factory and office connections drop every week; a system that loses data then is unusable. - **What to make a vendor show:** Pull the network cable during a sync and show what happens to the queued entries when it's back. [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) · [Pattern: Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) ### How should access be controlled? What each role can see is enforced by the system itself, not just hidden on screen; staff can be refused bank data entirely. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A field hidden on a screen is still one changed address away. - **What to make a vendor show:** Sign in as staff and try to open a bank page directly by its address. - **What good looks like, from a live system:** None — every bank route rejects staff [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) · [Pattern: Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) · [Glossary: Role-based access](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/role-based-access) ### How should integrations sign in? Agents and integrations sign in with their own machine identities, separate from people, so their actions are traceable and revocable. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** An integration using a person's login breaks when that person leaves, and hides who did what. - **What to make a vendor show:** Show the list of machine identities and revoke one. [Pattern: Make a machine credential structurally unable to pass as a human one](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/separate-machine-from-human-identity) ### What about the logins the vendor sets up? Logins created at setup must have their passwords changed on first sign-in. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Default passwords are the first thing tried by anyone who shouldn't be in. - **What to make a vendor show:** Sign in with a newly created user and show the forced password change. [Pattern: Zero-config first run — seed default logins, force rotation through the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/seeded-credentials-forced-rotation) ### Does the ERP work on a phone? Stores, site and sales staff can do their daily tasks on a phone: scanning stock, marking attendance, checking an order. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** People on the floor won't walk to a desktop to record something. - **What to make a vendor show:** Do a stock scan and mark attendance on a phone, in front of you. [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ### Can we get all our data out? All business data can be exported at any time in standard formats, during the contract and at its end. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Data you can't take with you ties you to the vendor more than any contract. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask for a full export of the demo data and open it in Excel. ### Does the ERP need to protect personal data? Personal data of staff, customers and contacts is protected with reasonable security safeguards, and a breach can be traced and reported. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A business holding personal data is a data fiduciary under the DPDP Act, with duties for safeguards and breach intimation. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask who can see employees' personal details, how access is logged, and how a breach would be detected and reported. - **The law:** reasonable security safeguards to prevent personal data breach [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8(5)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). In force: As the Act's provisions are brought into force; the DPDP Rules, 2025 on safeguards and breach intimation apply from May 2027 (rule 1(4)). Applies to: Any business processing digital personal data. ### How fast is support after go-live? Support requests have a stated response time in the contract, and the vendor has written documentation that lets another developer take the system over. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** A system only one person understands stops when that person is unavailable. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask for the response time in writing, and to see the system document for one of their live systems. ## Contract and ownership **What should an ERP contract settle before the build?** Who owns the code, what the licence covers and for how long, how changes are priced, and how your data leaves with you. ### Who owns the code? The contract states who owns the source code and the software, and what the buyer gets: the code itself, or a licence to use the system for a stated term. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Both models exist and both can be fair; an unstated one becomes a dispute. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask for the ownership clause in writing before the build starts. ### How should a custom ERP be priced? Work is priced in fixed phases, each quoted before it starts, rather than an open-ended hourly bill. Should · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** An open hourly bill puts the whole risk of the estimate on the buyer. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask for the phase plan with a fixed price and a go-live date for each phase. ### What happens when requirements change mid-project? A change is written down, priced and agreed before it is built, never billed after the fact. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** Changes priced afterwards are where budgets go. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask how the last change on one of their projects was priced and approved. ### What does the annual maintenance contract cover? The AMC states what it covers (licence, hosting, fixes, small changes), what it costs per year, and what is quoted separately. Must · Manufacturing, Trading and distribution, Project businesses (interiors, fit-out) - **Why:** An AMC with no stated scope turns every request into a negotiation. - **What to make a vendor show:** Ask for the AMC scope and price in writing, and an example of something it doesn't cover. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix description: "ERP selection criteria for India: TallyPrime, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One and custom, compared on licence, hosting, e-invoice and fit." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom TallyPrime, ERPNext, Odoo and SAP Business One all handle Indian e-invoicing in some form; they differ in how they're licensed, where they run, and how far they bend to your process. A custom system fits the process exactly but has to be built. Score them against your own requirements, weighted by your priorities, not against a vendor's feature list. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [How to use this matrix](#how-to-use-this-matrix) 2. [The matrix](#the-matrix) 3. [When each one tends to fit](#when-each-one-tends-to-fit) 4. [What the matrix leaves out](#what-the-matrix-leaves-out) ## How to use this matrix Don't pick a system from a feature table, this one included. Every option below can be made to look good in a demo. Pick from your own requirements: 1. Build your list with the [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) and set a priority on each line. 2. Send the same [Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) to each option, one copy per vendor. It scores Yes, Partly and No against your priorities. 3. Make each vendor do the [demo tests](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) for your Must lines. A yes you didn't see counts as partly. The table below is for the first cut: which options to invite at all. Each fact is from the product's own documentation, linked under sources. ## The matrix | TallyPrime | ERPNext | Odoo | SAP Business One | Custom-built | | | ------------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | What it is | Accounting and inventory software from Tally Solutions | Open-source ERP from Frappe | ERP suite of apps, Community and Enterprise editions | SAP's ERP for small businesses | A system built around your process | | Licence | Proprietary licence | GPL-3.0 (open source) | Community: LGPLv3; Enterprise: Odoo's own licence | Proprietary licence | As your contract says: you own the code, or a licence runs with maintenance | | Where it runs | Your PC or server; TallyPrime's integration gateway listens only on that machine | Self-hosted or Frappe Cloud | Odoo Online, Odoo.sh or on-premise | Cloud or on-premise | Wherever it's built for | | E-invoice and e-way bill | Built in: IRN, QR code and e-way bill from the sales voucher | Through the India Compliance app (GST, e-invoice, e-way bill, TDS) | India localization modules for e-invoicing (from 15.0) and e-way bill | Through India localization and partner add-ons; check with your partner | Built to the NIC specs, or not at all; ask | | Audit trail (edit log) | Edit log; a separate release keeps it always on | Check it meets the rule | Check it meets the rule | Check it meets the rule | Must be built in and can't be switched off | | Fit to your process | You adapt to it | Configurable; customised by developers | Configurable; customised by developers or partners | Configured by partners | The process is modeled first, then built | | Works alongside Tally | Is Tally | Replaces it, or runs beside it with an integration | Replaces it, or runs beside it with an integration | Replaces it, or runs beside it with an integration | Either: posts into Tally, or keeps the books itself | "Check it meets the rule" means the product's documentation we read doesn't say, in plain terms, that the edit log meets the [audit-trail rule](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance): a log of every change with its date that can't be disabled. Ask the vendor to show it. ## When each one tends to fit - **TallyPrime alone**: accounting-led businesses whose operations fit in its inventory, and who mainly need GST done right. When it stops being enough is in [seven signs you've outgrown Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs). - **ERPNext or Odoo**: businesses whose processes are close to the standard modules, with a partner or in-house developer to configure and maintain them. - **SAP Business One**: small businesses that want an established vendor and a partner-led implementation. - **Custom**: when the process is the business's edge, the standard modules force workarounds, or the system has to do something no package does (an IBR statutory folder from certificates, reel-level reservations, two companies on one ledger). The longer comparison for manufacturers is [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp). ## What the matrix leaves out Price, deliberately: licence, implementation and maintenance costs change by edition, users and partner, and a number here would be wrong for most readers. Get quotes against the same requirements list, and settle ownership and data export before signing: see the [contract checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist). Ahrom Labs builds custom systems, so read this page as a builder's view; the facts about each product are from its own documentation. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Audit Trail (Edit Log) in TallyPrime](https://tallysolutions.com/tally/audit-trail-in-tallyprime/). Tally Solutions, October 25, 2026. - [Generate e-Invoice (IRN) and print QR code in TallyPrime](https://help.tallysolutions.com/tally-prime/gst-regular-sales/e-invoicing-in-tallyprime/). Tally Solutions, October 25, 2026. - [India Compliance app (GST, e-invoice, e-way bill in ERPNext)](https://docs.frappe.io/erpnext/india-compliance-app). Frappe, October 25, 2026. - [ERPNext licence (GPL-3.0)](https://github.com/frappe/erpnext/blob/develop/license.txt). Frappe (GitHub), October 25, 2026. - [India fiscal localization (e-invoicing and e-way bill), Odoo 20.0](https://www.odoo.com/documentation/20.0/applications/finance/fiscal%5Flocalizations/india.html). Odoo, October 25, 2026. - [Odoo licence (Community edition, LGPLv3)](https://github.com/odoo/odoo/blob/20.0/LICENSE). Odoo (GitHub), October 25, 2026. - [SAP Business One](https://www.sap.com/products/erp/business-one.html). SAP, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers description: "ERP requirements for small manufacturers in India: BOM import, traceability, remnants, job costing, reservations, GST or Tally, e-invoice." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most A small Indian manufacturer needs an ERP that works from its existing Excel BOMs, tracks material down to the plate or batch it cuts from, sets stock aside for each order, costs jobs from what was actually used, and keeps the GST books or posts cleanly into Tally. Above ₹5 crore turnover add e-invoicing; as a company, an audit trail. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Start with these](#start-with-these) 2. [The rules your turnover brings in](#the-rules-your-turnover-brings-in) 3. [What this looks like in a running system](#what-this-looks-like-in-a-running-system) 4. [Build your list](#build-your-list) ## Start with these The lines a small manufacturer can least afford to get wrong, in the order they usually go live. Each links to its test. 1. **Your BOMs, from Excel.** Import the sheets you already keep, matched to the item master; a likely typo suggested, never silently corrected. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-import)) 2. **A released BOM is frozen.** Purchase and stores work from a version, not a moving sheet. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-release)) 3. **Shortfalls become purchase requests**, after stock and usable remnants are counted. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-need-to-request)) 4. **Remnants go back into stock**, with weights from dimensions, offered to waiting BOM lines before anything is bought. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-cutting-remnants)) 5. **Jobs costed from actual use**, material and labour. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-costing-from-use)) 6. **What each job is waiting on**, worked out fresh, not typed. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-blockers)) 7. **Certificates kept once and linked to what they cover**, with any link that ends in statutory paperwork confirmed by a person. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-confirmed-links)) ## The rules your turnover brings in - **Being a company:** the books need an [audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail) that can't be switched off. ([audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail)) - **Above ₹5 crore:** e-invoices for B2B sales; **at ₹10 crore and above:** reported within 30 days. ([e-invoice](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice)) - **Buying from micro and small enterprises:** due dates at most 45 days from acceptance. ([MSME](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-due-dates)) All of them, quoted from the official text, are in [compliance requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance). ## What this looks like in a running system At a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer, Ahrom Labs' system imported six of the client's real BOM files through the interface, traces each plate and section through cutting, and assembled each boiler's [IBR statutory folder](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ibr-statutory-folder) from a bank of [material test certificates](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate). In a live cut test, a 157.00 kg plate became 127.17 kg used, 15.70 kg remnant and 14.13 kg scrap, conserved exactly. The same system keeps the books: GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, TDS and 23 reports, with Tally optional. See [ERP for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing), or try it with twelve sample logins, one per department, at the [manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo). ## Build your list The [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) with "Manufacturing" selected gives the full list for your turnover and whether Tally stays, ready to send to vendors. If the system will have an AI assistant, [what it should answer for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers) lists the questions, with what Ember AI answers today. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration description: "How to move from Tally to an ERP in India: keep Tally or replace it, what to migrate, how to check each import, and the audit-trail rule at cutover." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it Decide first whether Tally stays as the books or goes. Then move masters, opening balances, outstanding bills, stock with its batches, and the history people actually look up, each checked against its source: count the rows, hold anything that matches two records for a person, and tag every import so it can be removed as a batch. Keep the audit trail unbroken through the switch. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Keep Tally, or replace it?](#keep-tally-or-replace-it) 2. [What to move](#what-to-move) 3. [How to check each import](#how-to-check-each-import) 4. [Cutover and the audit trail](#cutover-and-the-audit-trail) 5. [A sequence that works](#a-sequence-that-works) ## Keep Tally, or replace it? Both work, and the choice decides what you migrate. - **Tally stays as the books.** The ERP runs sales, stock and operations, and posts approved invoices into TallyPrime as vouchers. Your accountant keeps working in Tally. Very little accounting history moves; what moves is masters and open items. LS Technologies runs this way: approved invoices reach TallyPrime within 30 seconds, and every posted voucher is checked against Tally's own data. - **The ERP keeps the books.** Ledgers, GST returns and TDS move into the ERP, and Tally becomes optional or goes. More moves, and the [audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail) has to carry across. A boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for runs this way, with GSTR-1, GSTR-3B and TDS from the operations system. How each connection to Tally works, and why TallyPrime needs an agent on its own PC, is in [four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways). ## What to move | What | Why it matters | How to check it | | --------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | Ledger and party masters | Every transaction hangs off them | Count before and after; no duplicates by GSTIN | | Item masters, with units and HSN | Stock and tax depend on them | Count; every HSN valid; units consistent | | Opening balances | The books must agree on day one | Trial balance in the ERP equals Tally's on the cutover date | | Outstanding bills (receivable and payable) | Collections and payments continue | Each party's total matches Tally's outstanding | | Stock, with batches or units | Reservations and costing need it | Quantity and value per item match; batches or units as labelled | | GST history you look up | Returns and notices refer back | The periods you need, read-only, with their filing status | | Sales history (enquiries, quotations, orders) | Sales can't work without it | Row counts; doubtful rows held, not guessed | ## How to check each import Three rules, from moving five years of a manufacturer's sales history (see [the note](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing)): 1. **Check the file against itself first.** A broken export had shifted 154 of 20,167 diary rows by a column or two; read naively, they would have lost their status. All 20,167 were recovered by checking each row's known last columns. 2. **Hold, don't guess.** A quotation that matched no customer, or more than one, went to a review list: 2,221 matched exactly one customer and came in; 303 waited for a person. 3. **Tag every import.** Each row carries the import it came from, so a batch found wrong later can be removed as one. ## Cutover and the audit trail A company keeping its books in software must have an audit trail for every financial year from 1 April 2023 (the date was substituted by the Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022). Plan the cutover so the trail doesn't break: close a period in Tally, move balances as at that date, and start the ERP's trail from the first entry after. Keep Tally's data for the years before, read-only, for the auditor. See the [audit-trail requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail-date). ## A sequence that works 1. Freeze masters for a week; clean duplicates in Tally first. 2. Move masters, then check counts. 3. Pick a cutover date at a period end. 4. Move opening balances and outstanding bills as at that date; tie the trial balance. 5. Move stock and check quantity and value per item. 6. Run both systems for one cycle if Tally stays as the books; compare. 7. Move history last, read-only, and hold doubtful rows for a person. See also the [migration requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-history-migration) and the [Tally integration requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-tally). Quoted from the official text (1) > “the figures, letters and words “1st day of April, 2023” shall be substituted” > > Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP requirements template in Excel: free RFP and scorecard" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template description: "Free ERP requirements template (Excel) for Indian manufacturers and traders: 71 testable requirements, priority and vendor-answer dropdowns, automatic vendor scoring." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP requirements template in Excel: free RFP and scorecard A free ERP requirements template in Excel with 71 requirements in 13 departments, each with the test a vendor must pass. Set your priorities, send it to vendors, fill in their answers, and the sheet scores them for you. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Download](#download) 2. [The columns, and why each is there](#the-columns-and-why-each-is-there) 3. [What it looks like](#what-it-looks-like) 4. [How to run a vendor evaluation with it](#how-to-run-a-vendor-evaluation-with-it) ## Download [Download the Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/erp-requirements-template.xlsx) [CSV version](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/erp-requirements-template.csv) Free under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), with credit to Ahrom Labs. All 71 lines are in the file. To start from only the lines that apply to your business (by industry, turnover and whether Tally stays), use the [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check). ## The columns, and why each is there - **Department:** Which part of the business the line belongs to, so each head can review their own section. - **Requirement:** One sentence you could paste into a contract. Written to be tested, not admired. - **Priority:** Must, Should or Could, as a dropdown. Set it before vendors see the sheet, so their answers can't shape it. - **What the vendor must show:** The demo test. A vendor who says yes should be able to do this in front of you. - **Law:** For statutory lines, the provision that requires it. The quoted text is on the checklist page. - **Vendor answer:** Yes, Partly or No, as a dropdown. A yes you haven't seen demonstrated counts as partly. - **Vendor evidence:** Where they showed it: the demo, a screenshot, a reference customer. - **Score:** Priority weight (Must 3, Should 2, Could 1) times the answer (Yes 1, Partly 0.5, No 0). The total and the percentage are at the foot. - **Requirement id:** Matches the line on ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements, so you can look up why it is there. ## What it looks like The first line of each department, as it appears in the file. Every line, with why it matters and what goes wrong without it, is on the [checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements). | Requirement | Priority | What the vendor must show | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [Sales and CRM](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-single-history) Every enquiry has one current stage and a dated history from first contact to order, visible to everyone who works on it. | Must | Open an enquiry from last quarter and show every call, quotation and stage change on it, with who did each and when. | | [Purchase](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-need-to-request) Shortfalls against orders and bills of materials become purchase requests automatically, after stock and usable remnants are counted. | Must | Release an order that needs more than is in stock and show the purchase request it creates, net of what's available. | | [Stores and inventory](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-unit-level) Stock is tracked by each physical unit that is picked and shipped (a reel, a box, a plate), each with its own number and label, not only as a total quantity. | Must | Receive two reels of the same part with different quantities and show each as its own unit with its own label. | | [Production and BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-import) Bills of materials kept in Excel are imported as they are, matched to the item master and grouped into assemblies; a likely typo is suggested, never silently corrected. | Must | Import one of your real BOM sheets and show how each unmatched line is handled. | | [Quality and traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-certificate-bank) Material test certificates are kept once, in a bank, and linked to each piece of material and each product they apply to. | Must | Show one certificate and every product it has been used for. | | [Dispatch and logistics](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-eway-bill) For goods moving with a consignment value above ₹50,000, the e-way bill is generated from the invoice and dispatch record, without retyping into the portal. | Must | Dispatch a consignment above ₹50,000 and show the e-way bill details produced from the invoice. | | [Accounts and GST](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail) Every transaction in the books has an audit trail: an edit log of each change with the date it was made, which cannot be switched off. | Must | Enter a purchase bill, change its amount, and show the edit log with the old value, the new value, the user and the time; then show there is no setting to disable it. | | [Payroll and people](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-computed) Pay is computed from attendance, rates and advances recorded during the month, never typed as a final figure. | Must | Show one worker's month: days present, rate, advances, and the pay the system worked out. | | [Customer and supplier portals](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#portals-customer-stages) Customers sign in to see each of their orders as plain-language stages worked out from what each department records, never typed for the customer. | Should | Sign in as a customer, open an order, then move it forward internally and show the customer's view change. | | [Reporting and AI](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-traceable) Every figure on every report can be opened to show the transactions it was computed from. | Must | Pick a figure on the owner's dashboard and open the records behind it. | | [Integrations](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-tally) The ERP connects to TallyPrime through an agent on the Tally PC (Tally's gateway only listens there), with vouchers pushed and outstandings synced back on a fixed schedule. | Must | Show the agent running beside TallyPrime and the last sync times for vouchers and masters. | | [Reliability, access and support](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-offline) When the connection drops, work in progress isn't lost: syncs retry by themselves, and a real error (a missing ledger, a rejected voucher) waits for a person. | Must | Pull the network cable during a sync and show what happens to the queued entries when it's back. | | [Contract and ownership](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#contract-ownership) The contract states who owns the source code and the software, and what the buyer gets: the code itself, or a licence to use the system for a stated term. | Must | Ask for the ownership clause in writing before the build starts. | ## How to run a vendor evaluation with it 1. Delete what doesn't apply and set every priority before any vendor sees the sheet. 2. Send the same sheet to every vendor and ask for Yes, Partly or No on each line, with evidence. 3. In the demo, pick the Must lines and ask the vendor to do each test in front of you. The [checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) lists them line by line. 4. Mark any yes you didn't see as partly, then compare the scores. 5. Keep the sheet: the same tests are the acceptance tests before you sign off go-live. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution description: "ERP requirements for trading and distribution in India: unit-level stock, reservations, scanning, AI-read bills, Tally posting, e-invoice, TDS." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require A trading or distribution business needs stock tracked by the unit it picks and ships, reserved against each customer order so nothing is sold twice, moved by scanning across stores, purchase documents read in without retyping, and invoices that reach Tally or the GST books automatically. Above ₹5 crore, e-invoices; at ₹10 crore and above, the 30-day limit and TDS on large purchases. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [Start with these](#start-with-these) 2. [The rules your turnover brings in](#the-rules-your-turnover-brings-in) 3. [What this looks like in a running system](#what-this-looks-like-in-a-running-system) 4. [Build your list](#build-your-list) ## Start with these 1. **Stock by the unit you ship**: a reel, a box, a carton, each with its own label, not only a total. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-unit-level)) 2. **Reserved against each order line**, so a reserved unit can't go to another customer without a manager's override. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-reservations)) 3. **Moved by scanning**, in, out and between stores, including a partner's. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-scan-moves)) 4. **Staff entries approved** before they change stock. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-approval)) 5. **Purchase documents read by AI and checked by a person**: invoices, freight bills, bills of entry, bank statements. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-extraction-review)) 6. **Every supplier bill matched** to its order and what was received. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-three-way-match)) 7. **Invoices into Tally automatically**, each checked against Tally's own data, if Tally stays as the books. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tally-posting)) 8. **Customers follow their own orders** on a portal that never shows stock or other customers. ([requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#portals-no-stock-exposure)) ## The rules your turnover brings in - **Above ₹5 crore:** e-invoices; **at ₹10 crore and above:** reported within 30 days. ([e-invoice](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice)) - **As a buyer with turnover above ₹10 crore:** [TDS on purchases](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/tds-on-purchases) from a seller beyond ₹50 lakh in the year. ([TDS on purchases](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tds-purchases)) - **Goods moving above ₹50,000:** [e-way bills](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill). ([e-way bill](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-eway-bill)) All of them, quoted from the official text: [compliance requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance). ## What this looks like in a running system At LS Technologies, an electronics-component importer and trader, each reel carries its own QR label; 5,256 live reels moved to a two-store model with none lost. Reels are reserved per customer PO line, oldest first. Five document types, bills of entry included, are read by AI at 88–95% zero-correction, each approved by a person, and approved invoices post into TallyPrime as vouchers within 30 seconds. See [software for electronics-component traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading), or scan reels yourself in the [trading demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo). ## Build your list The [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) with "Trading and distribution" selected gives the full list for your turnover and whether Tally stays. If the system will have an AI assistant, [what it should answer for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution) lists the questions, with what Ohm AI answers today. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you" url: https://ahromlabs.com/erp/vendor-demo-script description: "ERP vendor demo script for Indian manufacturers and traders: the tests to make every vendor do in front of you, by department, and red flags." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) # ERP vendor demo script: what to make every vendor show you Don't let an ERP vendor run their own demo. Bring your own data, give them a list of tests, and watch them do each one: change an entry and show the audit trail, reserve stock and try to ship it elsewhere, post an invoice to Tally and delete it there. A yes you didn't see demonstrated is a partly. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Statutory rules checked against the official texts on October 25, 2026 On this page 1. [How to run the demo](#how-to-run-the-demo) 2. [The tests, by department](#the-tests-by-department) 3. [What a demo won't tell you](#what-a-demo-won-t-tell-you) 4. [Red flags](#red-flags) 5. [Try the tests on a live system](#try-the-tests-on-a-live-system) ## How to run the demo A vendor's own demo shows what their product does well, on data made to look good. Yours should show whether it does what your business needs, on data that looks like yours. 1. **Send the tests a week ahead.** The vendor should know what they'll be asked; a vendor who can't prepare for a known test won't handle an unknown one. 2. **Bring your own data.** A real BOM, a real supplier bill, ten real stock items. Sample data hides the edge cases you live with. 3. **You drive, or you call every click.** Watching a smooth run-through tells you little; asking "now change that" tells you a lot. 4. **Score as you go.** Yes only for what you saw done. Use the [Excel template](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template): it has a column for each answer and scores vendors for you. 5. **Keep the script.** The same tests are your acceptance tests before go-live. ## The tests, by department Pick the ones that apply from the [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check). These are the ones most often promised and least often shown. **Accounts** - Enter a purchase bill, change its amount, and show the edit log with the old value, the new value, the user and the time. Then show there is no setting that turns the log off. ([audit trail](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail)) - If your turnover is above ₹5 crore: generate an IRN for a test invoice and show the QR code on the print. ([e-invoice](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice)) - Lock last month and try to edit an invoice in it. ([period lock](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-period-lock)) - If Tally stays: approve an invoice, find the voucher in TallyPrime, delete it there, and show it flagged after the next sync. ([Tally posting](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tally-posting)) **Stores** - Receive two units of the same item with different quantities and show each with its own label. ([unit-level stock](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-unit-level)) - Reserve a unit for one order, then try to ship it on another. ([reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-reservations)) - Show the movements behind one item's balance, and that they add up to it exactly. ([derived balances](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-balances-derived)) **Purchase** - Receive less than ordered, enter the bill for the full quantity, and show the mismatch flagged before approval. ([three-way match](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-three-way-match)) - Mark a supplier as a micro enterprise and show its bills with due dates. ([MSME](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-due-dates)) **Production** - Import one of your real BOM sheets and show how each unmatched line is handled. ([BOM import](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-import)) - Cut a plate and show the remnant back in stock with its weight. ([remnants](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-cutting-remnants)) **Access and reliability** - Sign in as staff and open a bank page directly by its address. It should refuse. ([role access](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-role-access)) - Pull the network cable during a sync and show what happens to the queued entries. ([offline](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-offline)) - Ask for a full export of the demo data and open it in Excel. ([data export](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-data-export)) **AI** - Ask the assistant this month's sales, then compare its answer with the sales report. A number that doesn't match is the answer to whether you can trust it. ([assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-assistant-no-invented-numbers); the full set of tests for an AI assistant is in the [AI assistant vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test)) ## What a demo won't tell you Some answers only come in writing: - **Who owns the code**, and what you hold if you stop paying. See the [contract checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist). - **How changes are priced** after the contract is signed. - **Support response time**, and who else could take the system over. - **A reference customer** like you, whom you call yourself. ## Red flags - "That's on the roadmap" for a Must line. - A demo only on the vendor's own sample company. - "It's configurable" without configuring it in front of you. - An AI feature that can't show where its numbers came from. - No written answer on code ownership or data export. ## Try the tests on a live system Every test above can be tried today on Ahrom Labs' demos, with sample data that resets nightly: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo), [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) and [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo). Use them to see what a pass looks like before you watch anyone else's demo. Answer five questions about your business and get the requirements that apply to it, ready to send to vendors. [Build your requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) Free. Runs in your browser; nothing is sent anywhere. Most lines here can be tried today on a live system: [manufacturing](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [trading](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [interiors](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) · [how Ahrom Labs builds them](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## ERP requirements guides and tools - [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements) - [Build your own ERP requirements list](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) - [ERP requirements template in Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/template) - [Indian compliance requirements for an ERP: audit trail, e-invoice, e-way bill, MSME, TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) - [Moving from Tally to an ERP: what to migrate and how to check it](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/tally-migration) - [ERP contract checklist: code ownership, licence, AMC and your data](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/contract-checklist) - [Is your business ready for an ERP? A 10-question self-check](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/readiness) - [ERP selection matrix for India: Tally, ERPNext, Odoo, SAP Business One or custom](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) - [ERP implementation plan: phases from mapping the business to go-live](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/implementation-plan) - [ERP for small manufacturers in India: the requirements that matter most](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers) - [ERP for trading and distribution businesses in India: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution) - [ERP for interior design firms and fit-out businesses: what to require](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms) ## Official sources - [Companies (Accounts) Amendment Rules, 2021 (G.S.R. 205(E), 24 March 2021)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2021/226081.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Companies (Accounts) Second Amendment Rules, 2022 (G.S.R. 235(E), 31 March 2022)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2022/234733.pdf). Ministry of Corporate Affairs, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 10/2023–Central Tax (10 May 2023), amending Notification No. 13/2020–Central Tax](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/10ct%5Feng.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Advisory: Time limit for reporting e-invoice on the IRP portal, lowering of threshold to AATO 10 crores and above (5 Nov 2024)](https://www.mahagst.gov.in/public/uploads/gstnadvisory/1760531580%5F293%20Advisory%20Time%20Limit%20for%20Reporting%20e%20Invoice%20on%20the%20IRP%20Portal%20%20Lowering%20of%20Threshold%20to%20AATO%2010%20Crores%20and%20Above.pdf). GSTN (Goods and Services Tax Network), October 25, 2026. - [Notification No. 12/2018–Central Tax (7 March 2018), substituting rule 138 of the CGST Rules, 2017](https://gstcouncil.gov.in/sites/default/files/2024-05/notification-12-2018-central%5Ftax-english.pdf). Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (copy hosted by the GST Council), October 25, 2026. - [Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development Act, 2006, sections 15 and 16](https://samadhaan.msme.gov.in/WriteReadData/DocumentFile/MSMED2006act.pdf). Gazette of India (copy hosted by the Ministry of MSME), October 25, 2026. - [Income-tax Act, 2025 (30 of 2025), in force from 1 April 2026](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/265620.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, section 8](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2023/248045.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. - [Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (G.S.R. 846(E), 13 November 2025)](https://www.meity.gov.in/static/uploads/2025/11/53450e6e5dc0bfa85ebd78686cadad39.pdf). Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Gazette of India, October 25, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the systems it runs; not legal or tax advice. Statutory lines quote the official text, and the text governs wherever this page differs from it; how a rule applies to your business is a question for your CA. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR 2026 for boiler manufacturers | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr description: "IBR 2026 for boiler makers: what changed from IBR 1950, every form and its old name, registration documents, record keeping and small industrial boilers." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) # IBR 2026 for boiler manufacturers What a boiler maker files under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026, which replaced IBR 1950 on 1 October 2026: the renumbered forms, the documents for registration, how long records are kept, and the rules for small industrial boilers. Each page quotes the Gazette and links the official text. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 ## Guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) The Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 replaced the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 on 1 October 2026, under the Boilers Act, 2025\. The folder's forms were renumbered — the maker's Form III is now Form IV Part A — certificates can be filed electronically with digital signatures, and manufacturers must keep boiler records for at least five years. - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) Under regulation 8 of IBR 2026, a boiler's registration application goes to the Chief Inspector with four sets of documents: the Inspecting Authority's certificate (Form I Part B or C), the maker's certificate (Form IV Part A), drawings, and the material certificates (Form V Part A, with the Form V Part B extract). - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) Regulation 308 of IBR 2026 sets three retention periods for a boiler's certificates and approved drawings: the Inspecting Authority keeps them at least 3 years after registration, the manufacturer at least 5 years, and the owner for the boiler's entire life, passing them to any new owner. - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) Under IBR 2026 a small industrial boiler is a shell boiler up to 7 kg/cm² (g) holding more than 25 and up to 500 litres, or a coil, once-through or water tube boiler up to 12 kg/cm² (g) and 150 litres. Its certificate of manufacture and test is Form XXII, which was Form XVII under IBR 1950. - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) Every form from Form I to Form XXIII, the regulation it falls under, and the IBR 1950 form it replaced. ## The forms in a boiler's folder - [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b) Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers · was Form II(1) - [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c) Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works · was Form II(2) - [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d) Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions · was Form II-B - [Form I Part E](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e) Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site · was Form II-C - [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a) Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test · was Form III - [Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b) Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes · was Form III-A - [Form IV Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c) Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes · was Form III-B - [Form V Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a) Steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests · was Form IV - [Form V Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b) Certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates · was Form IV-A - [Form X](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x) Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025 · was Form V - [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi) Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book · was Form I - [Form XII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii) Certificate for use of a boiler · was Form VI - [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii) Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers · was Form XVII See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes description: "IBR 2026 replaced IBR 1950 on 1 October 2026. What changed for boiler makers — renumbered forms, electronic filing, record keeping, recognition." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) # What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026 The Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 replaced the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 on 1 October 2026, under the Boilers Act, 2025\. The folder's forms were renumbered — the maker's Form III is now Form IV Part A — certificates can be filed electronically with digital signatures, and manufacturers must keep boiler records for at least five years. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [When did IBR 2026 replace IBR 1950?](#when-did-ibr-2026-replace-ibr-1950) 2. [Were the IBR forms renumbered?](#were-the-ibr-forms-renumbered) 3. [Can IBR certificates be filed electronically now?](#can-ibr-certificates-be-filed-electronically-now) 4. [How long must boiler records be kept under IBR 2026?](#how-long-must-boiler-records-be-kept-under-ibr-2026) 5. [What changed for boiler manufacturers?](#what-changed-for-boiler-manufacturers) 6. [What changed in registration?](#what-changed-in-registration) ## When did IBR 2026 replace IBR 1950? The Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 replaced the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 on 1 October 2026, the day they were published in the Gazette of India (Extraordinary, No. 596). The Central Boilers Board made them under section 40 of the Boilers Act, 2025, which itself repealed the Boilers Act, 1923. The supersession is "except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such supersession", so what was done under IBR 1950 before 1 October 2026 is not undone by the change. ## Were the IBR forms renumbered? Yes. The IBR 2026 forms run from Form I to Form XXIII, and most folder documents changed number. The maker's certificate of manufacture and test, Form III under IBR 1950, is now Form IV Part A. The Inspecting Authority's certificate, Form II(1) or II(2), is now Form I Part B or Part C. The steel maker's certificate, Form IV, is now Form V Part A. Every form, with its old name, is on [the IBR 2026 forms list](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms). ## Can IBR certificates be filed electronically now? Yes. Under regulation 8 of IBR 2026, the certificates, drawings and specifications that go with a boiler's registration application may be submitted electronically with digital signatures. Well-known pipe and tube makers may also issue their certificates (Form IV Part B and Part C) online with a digital signature. ## How long must boiler records be kept under IBR 2026? Regulation 308 sets three periods. The Inspecting Authority keeps a boiler's certificates and approved drawings for at least three years after registration. The owner keeps them for the entire life of the boiler, and hands them to any new owner. The manufacturer keeps them, including Form V Part B, for at least five years. See [boiler record keeping under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping). ## What changed for boiler manufacturers? A firm seeking recognition as a manufacturer applies to an Inspecting Authority in its own state with the manufacturer questionnaire, Form III, which is new in IBR 2026 (regulation 7(1)(b)(v)). Recognition lasts three years, and renewal is applied for at least ninety days before it expires (regulation 7(4)). Components can be erected at site on the strength of a final inspection report in Form VIII approved by the Competent Person (regulation 293(2)). The steel maker's certificate, now Form V Part A, gives ultimate tensile strength in kilograms per square millimetre; the IBR 1950 Form IV gave it in tons. ## What changed in registration? Under regulation 300 of IBR 2026, the Inspector inspects the boiler, conducts the hydraulic test and issues a provisional order in Form X, under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025; under IBR 1950 the provisional order was Form V. The boiler's record is the Memorandum of Inspection Book, now Form XI. See [documents for boiler registration](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents). Quoted from the regulations (9) > “The Boilers Act, 1923 is hereby repealed.” > > Boilers Act, 2025, section 45(1) > “in supersession of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before such supersession” > > IBR 2026, preamble > “They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 1(3) > “the certificates and drawings or specifications may also be submitted through electronic means along with digital signatures” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8 > “The recognition of the firm as a manufacturer shall be for a period of three years and the firm may apply for renewal of their recognition at least ninety days before the expiry of said period.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 7(4) > “any firm seeking recognition shall apply to an Inspecting Authority operating in the State in which the recognition is sought in questionnaire ‘Form-III’” > > IBR 2026, regulation 7(1)(b)(v) > “and the copies of the approved drawings for a period of at least five years.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 308(4) > “The boiler components shall be erected at site based on the final inspection report as per Form-VIII approved by Competent Person” > > IBR 2026, regulation 293(2) > “a provisional order under section 14 in Form-X shall be issued after the hydraulic test.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 300(2) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. - [The Boilers Act, 2025 (No. 12 of 2025)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2025/262299.pdf). Ministry of Law and Justice, Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part II—Section 1, April 4, 2025. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms description: "Every IBR 2026 form with its regulation and the IBR 1950 form it replaced: Form I to Form XXIII, including Form IV Part A, Form V Part B and Form XXII." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) # IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names Every form in the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026, what it is, the regulation it falls under, and the IBR 1950 form it replaced. The forms were renumbered: Form III, the maker's certificate, is now Form IV Part A, and Forms II(1) and II(2), the inspection certificates, are now Form I Part B and Part C. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 [](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/ibr-forms-1950-to-2026.webp) The IBR 1950 forms in a boiler's folder and their IBR 2026 numbers, from the Gazette of 1 October 2026. On this page 1. [What is my old IBR 1950 form called now?](#what-is-my-old-ibr-1950-form-called-now) 2. [Inspecting Authority certificates](#inspecting-authority-certificates) 3. [Certificates of manufacture and test](#certificates-of-manufacture-and-test) 4. [Material certificates](#material-certificates) 5. [Registration and use](#registration-and-use) 6. [Economisers](#economisers) 7. [Welders](#welders) 8. [Recognition by the Central Boilers Board](#recognition-by-the-central-boilers-board) 9. [Repairs and in-service inspection](#repairs-and-in-service-inspection) 10. [Which IBR 2026 forms are new?](#which-ibr-2026-forms-are-new) ## What is my old IBR 1950 form called now? Folders and drawings will carry IBR 1950 form names for years. Each one below is matched to its IBR 2026 form by the title both regulations print. __IBR 1950 forms and the IBR 2026 forms that replaced them__ | IBR 1950 | IBR 2026, and what it is | | ------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Form I | [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi) Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book | | Form II-A | Form I Part A Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction, boiler made to a foreign code for export | | Form II-B | [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d) Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions | | Form II-C | [Form I Part E](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e) Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site | | Form II(1) | [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b) Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers | | Form II(2) | [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c) Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works | | Form III | [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a) Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test | | Form III-A | [Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b) Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes | | Form III-B | [Form IV Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c) Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes | | Form III-C | Form IV Part D Certificate of manufacture and test of boiler mountings and fittings | | Form III-F | Form IV Part E Certificate of manufacture and test of castings | | Form III-G | Form IV Part F Certificate of manufacture and test of forgings | | Form III-H | Form IV Part G Certificate of manufacture and test for headers, desuperheaters/attemperators, blowdown tanks, feed water tanks, accumulators and deaerators | | Form III-I | Form IV Part H Certificate of manufacture and test for dished ends and end covers | | Form IV | [Form V Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a) Steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests | | Form IV-A | [Form V Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b) Certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates | | Form IX | Form XVIII Memorandum of inspection or registration book (economisers) | | Form V | [Form X](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x) Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025 | | Form VI | [Form XII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii) Certificate for use of a boiler | | Form VII | Form XV Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection under construction (economisers) | | Form VIII | Form XVI Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test (economisers) | | Form X | Form XVII Provisional order under the Boilers Act, 2025 (economisers) | | Form XI | Form XIX Certificate for use of an economiser | | Form XII | Form XXI Record of welder's qualification and requalification tests | | Form XIII | Form II Qualified boiler welder's certificate | | Form XIX | Form IX Details to be furnished with an application for inspection of a boiler after twelve or thirty-six months of certification | | Form XV-A to XV-G | Form VI Questionnaires for recognition by the Central Boilers Board (Parts A to G) | | Form XVI-A to XVI-I | Form VII Certificates of approval (Parts A to I) | | Form XVII | [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii) Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers | | Form XVII | Form XXIII Certificate of manufacture and test for small solar boilers | | Form XVIII | Form XIII Questionnaire for repairers of boilers, economisers, steam lines and feed water lines | | Form XIV | No IBR 2026 form with this title Steam pipes and connecting fittings | | Form III-D, III-E | No IBR 2026 form with this title Already deleted under IBR 1950 | ## Inspecting Authority certificates - Form I Part A: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction, boiler made to a foreign code for export. The Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction for a boiler made to a foreign code for export.Regulation 4 · was Form II-A under IBR 1950 - [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b): Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers. The Inspecting Authority's certificate that a shop-assembled boiler was built under its supervision, inspected at each stage and hydrostatically tested.Regulation 8(a) · was Form II(1) under IBR 1950 - [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c): Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works. The Inspecting Authority's certificate for the parts of a site-assembled boiler made and inspected at the maker's works.Regulation 8(a) · was Form II(2) under IBR 1950 - [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions. Replaces Form I Part B or C for a boiler built with variations from the standard conditions that the Board or the Inspecting Authority permitted.Regulation 8(a)(iv) · was Form II-B under IBR 1950 - [Form I Part E](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site. The Inspecting Authority's certificate once a boiler is erected at site and passes its hydrostatic test there.Regulation 8(a)(v) · was Form II-C under IBR 1950 - Form VIII: Final inspection report for boiler components. The maker's final inspection report for boiler components, approved by the Competent Person; components are erected at site on its strength. New in 2026.Regulation 293 · new in IBR 2026 ## Certificates of manufacture and test - [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a): Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test. The boiler maker's own certificate describing the boiler, its parts, materials, construction, mountings and tests.Regulation 8(b) · was Form III under IBR 1950 - [Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b): Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes. The certificate of manufacture and test for steam and feed pipes.Regulation 10 · was Form III-A under IBR 1950 - [Form IV Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c): Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes. The certificate of manufacture and test for boiler tubes.Regulation 11 · was Form III-B under IBR 1950 - Form IV Part D: Certificate of manufacture and test of boiler mountings and fittings. The certificate for boiler mountings and fittings such as valves.Regulation 12 · was Form III-C under IBR 1950 - Form IV Part E: Certificate of manufacture and test of castings. The certificate for castings used in a boiler.Regulation 13 and 50 to 57 · was Form III-F under IBR 1950 - Form IV Part F: Certificate of manufacture and test of forgings. The certificate for forgings used in a boiler.Regulation 14 and 58 to 62 · was Form III-G under IBR 1950 - Form IV Part G: Certificate of manufacture and test for headers, desuperheaters/attemperators, blowdown tanks, feed water tanks, accumulators and deaerators. The certificate for headers and similar standalone pressure parts, such as a steam header.Regulation 15 · was Form III-H under IBR 1950 - Form IV Part H: Certificate of manufacture and test for dished ends and end covers. The certificate for dished ends and end covers.Regulation 16 · was Form III-I under IBR 1950 - [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii): Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers. The certificate of manufacture and test for a small industrial boiler.Regulation 555(2) · was Form XVII under IBR 1950 - Form XXIII: Certificate of manufacture and test for small solar boilers. The certificate of manufacture and test for a small solar boiler. Split out of the old Form XVII in 2026.Regulation 596(3) · was Form XVII under IBR 1950 ## Material certificates - [Form V Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a): Steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests. The steel maker's certificate for plates and bars: charge numbers, chemical analysis and mechanical test results.Regulation 8(d) · was Form IV under IBR 1950 - [Form V Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b): Certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates. The extract that lists every material test certificate used in a boiler and its components, filed with the maker's Form IV Part A.Regulation 8(d) · was Form IV-A under IBR 1950 ## Registration and use - [Form X](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x): Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025\. The order that lets a newly inspected boiler be used before its registration and certificate are complete.Regulation 300(2) · was Form V under IBR 1950 - [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi): Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book. The boiler's lifelong inspection record: its particulars, dimensions, hydraulic and steam tests, inspections, repairs and accidents.Regulation 306 · was Form I under IBR 1950 - [Form XII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii): Certificate for use of a boiler. The certificate that authorises a registered boiler's use, at the design pressure it states.Regulation 310 · was Form VI under IBR 1950 ## Economisers - Form XV: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection under construction (economisers). The Inspecting Authority's construction certificate for an economiser.Regulation 358(3) · was Form VII under IBR 1950 - Form XVI: Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test (economisers). The economiser maker's certificate of manufacture and test.Regulation 358(4) · was Form VIII under IBR 1950 - Form XVII: Provisional order under the Boilers Act, 2025 (economisers). The provisional order for an economiser. Not the small industrial boiler certificate, which was Form XVII under IBR 1950 and is now Form XXII.Regulation 381(5) · was Form X under IBR 1950 - Form XVIII: Memorandum of inspection or registration book (economisers). The economiser's inspection and registration book.Regulation 385 · was Form IX under IBR 1950 - Form XIX: Certificate for use of an economiser. The certificate that authorises an economiser's use.Regulation 387 · was Form XI under IBR 1950 ## Welders - Form II: Qualified boiler welder's certificate. The certificate a welder must hold to weld boilers, boiler components, economisers, feed pipes, steam pipes and superheaters (regulation 7(1)(b)(iii)).Regulation 7(1)(b)(iii) and 541 · was Form XIII under IBR 1950 - Form XX: Qualified boiler welder's certification continuity form. The continuity form submitted with a qualified boiler welder's request to renew their certificate. New in 2026.Regulation 517 and 527(3) · new in IBR 2026 - Form XXI: Record of welder's qualification and requalification tests. The record of a welder's qualification or requalification test.Regulation 540 · was Form XII under IBR 1950 ## Recognition by the Central Boilers Board - Form III: Questionnaire for manufacturers of boilers and boiler components. The questionnaire a firm answers to be recognised as a manufacturer of boilers or boiler components. New in 2026; recognition lasts three years.Regulation 7(1)(b)(v) · new in IBR 2026 - Form VI: Questionnaires for recognition by the Central Boilers Board (Parts A to G). Questionnaires for firms seeking recognition as an Inspecting Authority, Competent Authority, well-known steel maker, foundry or forge, tube or pipe maker, material testing laboratory or remnant life assessment organisation.Regulation 17(2) · was Form XV-A to XV-G under IBR 1950 - Form VII: Certificates of approval (Parts A to I). The Central Boilers Board's certificates of approval for the bodies and makers recognised under Form VI.Regulation 19 · was Form XVI-A to XVI-I under IBR 1950 ## Repairs and in-service inspection - Form IX: Details to be furnished with an application for inspection of a boiler after twelve or thirty-six months of certification. The details furnished with an application to inspect a boiler used for electric power generation (Appendix H) or a waste heat boiler in a continuous process plant (Appendix I), twelve or thirty-six months after certification.Regulation 295(7) and 295(8) · was Form XIX under IBR 1950 - Form XIII: Questionnaire for repairers of boilers, economisers, steam lines and feed water lines. The questionnaire a firm sends to the state's Chief Inspector of Boilers to be recognised as a boiler repairer (regulation 316(2)).Regulation 316(2) · was Form XVIII under IBR 1950 ## Which IBR 2026 forms are new? - Form III: The questionnaire a firm answers to be recognised as a manufacturer of boilers or boiler components. New in 2026; recognition lasts three years. - Form VIII: The maker's final inspection report for boiler components, approved by the Competent Person; components are erected at site on its strength. New in 2026. - Form XX: The continuity form submitted with a qualified boiler welder's request to renew their certificate. New in 2026. See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form I Part B (formerly Form II(1)): Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b description: "The Inspecting Authority's certificate that a shop-assembled boiler was built under its supervision, inspected at each stage and hydrostatically tested." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form I Part B: Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers The Inspecting Authority's certificate that a shop-assembled boiler was built under its supervision, inspected at each stage and hydrostatically tested. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form I Part B?](#what-is-form-i-part-b) 2. [Who issues and signs Form I Part B?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-i-part-b) 3. [What does Form I Part B record?](#what-does-form-i-part-b-record) 4. [When is Form I Part B filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-i-part-b-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form I Part B from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-i-part-b-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form I Part B? Form I Part B of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers, prescribed under regulation 8(a). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form II(1) (certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers). ## Who issues and signs Form I Part B? The Inspecting Authority, signed by its Competent Person and the Inspecting Authority, with date and seal. ## What does Form I Part B record? - The boiler type, maker and maker's number - That it was built under supervision and inspected at stages by the Competent Person - The stamp on the shell plate: maker's name and number, year of make, test pressure and date, design pressure in kg/cm² (g) - The hydrostatic test pressure and the date it was witnessed - That welded seams passed destructive and non-destructive examination where applicable - The maker's drawing number, and that Form IV Part A was countersigned ## When is Form I Part B filed, and with what? Goes to the Chief Inspector with the registration application, alongside Form IV Part A, the drawings and the material certificates (regulation 8). ## What changed for Form I Part B from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form II(1). The wording is nearly the same; the stamp now shows the design pressure where the 1950 form showed the working pressure (W.P.), and the form refers to the Boilers Act, 2025 and to Form IV Part A instead of Form III. ## Related forms - Form I Part A: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction, boiler made to a foreign code for export (was Form II-A) - [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c): Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works (was Form II(2)) - [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions (was Form II-B) - [Form I Part E](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site (was Form II-C) - Form VIII: Final inspection report for boiler components Quoted from the regulations (3) > “A certificate in Form-I(Part-B) or Form-I(Part-C), as the case may be, from an Inspecting Authority, certifying that the material was tested and the boiler was built under their supervision” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(a)(i) > “was constructed under our supervision and inspected at various stages of construction by the Competent Person” > > IBR 2026, Form I Part B > “All welded seams were subjected to destructive and Non-Destructive examination wherever applicable and found satisfactory.” > > IBR 2026, Form I Part B See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form I Part C (formerly Form II(2)): Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c description: "The Inspecting Authority's certificate for the parts of a site-assembled boiler made and inspected at the maker's works. It was Form II(2) under IBR 1950." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form I Part C: Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works The Inspecting Authority's certificate for the parts of a site-assembled boiler made and inspected at the maker's works. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form I Part C?](#what-is-form-i-part-c) 2. [Who issues and signs Form I Part C?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-i-part-c) 3. [What does Form I Part C record?](#what-does-form-i-part-c-record) 4. [When is Form I Part C filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-i-part-c-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form I Part C from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-i-part-c-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form I Part C? Form I Part C of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works, prescribed under regulation 8(a). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form II(2) (certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers). ## Who issues and signs Form I Part C? The Inspecting Authority, signed by its Competent Person and the Inspecting Authority. ## What does Form I Part C record? - The boiler, maker and maker's number, and that it was built under supervision and inspected at stages by the Competent Person - Each component's name, drawing number and stamping details - Test pressure and design pressure in kg/cm² (g) - That material samples were tested in the Competent Person's presence, and welded seams passed destructive and non-destructive examination - The maker's drawing number, and that Form IV Part A was countersigned ## When is Form I Part C filed, and with what? Goes with the registration application in place of Form I Part B when the boiler is assembled at site (regulation 8). Form I Part E follows once erection is complete. ## What changed for Form I Part C from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form II(2). ## Related forms - Form I Part A: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction, boiler made to a foreign code for export (was Form II-A) - [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b): Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers (was Form II(1)) - [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions (was Form II-B) - [Form I Part E](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site (was Form II-C) - Form VIII: Final inspection report for boiler components Quoted from the regulations (3) > “In case of a boiler which is to be assembled only at site, requirement of the hydraulic test on a completely assembled boiler by the Inspecting Authority shall not apply provided that the individual parts of such boiler have been hydraulically tested and certified by the Inspecting Authority separately” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(a)(ii) > “The Boiler components are stamped as per details below, wherever applicable.” > > IBR 2026, Form I Part C > “Samples of materials used in the constructions of the boiler were tested in the presence of the Competent Person and found to comply with the regulations.” > > IBR 2026, Form I Part C See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form I Part D (formerly Form II-B): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d description: "Replaces Form I Part B or C for a boiler built with variations from the standard conditions that the Board or the Inspecting Authority permitted." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form I Part D: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions Replaces Form I Part B or C for a boiler built with variations from the standard conditions that the Board or the Inspecting Authority permitted. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form I Part D?](#what-is-form-i-part-d) 2. [Who issues and signs Form I Part D?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-i-part-d) 3. [What does Form I Part D record?](#what-does-form-i-part-d-record) 4. [When is Form I Part D filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-i-part-d-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form I Part D from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-i-part-d-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form I Part D? Form I Part D of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions, prescribed under regulation 8(a)(iv). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form II-B (inspecting authority certificate of inspection for boilers for which variation from standard conditions has been permitted). ## Who issues and signs Form I Part D? The Inspecting Authority. ## What does Form I Part D record? - The boiler type, length, diameter, design pressure, maker and shop number - That it was built under supervision, in accordance with the permitted variations from the standard conditions - The stamp on the front end plate - The water pressure test of the drum and header - Material and weld tests, struck out where a Well-known steel maker's Form V Part A is furnished instead - The maker's drawing number, and that Form IV Part A was countersigned ## When is Form I Part D filed, and with what? Filed in place of Form I Part B or Part C (regulation 8(a)(iv)). ## What changed for Form I Part D from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form II-B. ## Related forms - Form I Part A: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction, boiler made to a foreign code for export (was Form II-A) - [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b): Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers (was Form II(1)) - [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c): Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works (was Form II(2)) - [Form I Part E](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site (was Form II-C) - Form VIII: Final inspection report for boiler components Quoted from the regulations (2) > “The Inspecting Authority may grant a certificate in Form-I(Part-D) in lieu of Form-I(Part-B) or Form- I(Part-C), for boilers for which variations from the standard conditions in respect of material, design and construction features permitted by the Board or the Inspecting Authority.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(a)(iv) > “Strike off this paragraph where no such tests have been carried out and the certificate in Form-V(Part-A) by a Well- Known steel Maker is intended to be furnished.” > > IBR 2026, Form I Part D See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form I Part E (formerly Form II-C): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-e description: "The Inspecting Authority's certificate once a boiler is erected at site and passes its hydrostatic test there. It was Form II-C under IBR 1950." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form I Part E: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site The Inspecting Authority's certificate once a boiler is erected at site and passes its hydrostatic test there. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form I Part E?](#what-is-form-i-part-e) 2. [Who issues and signs Form I Part E?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-i-part-e) 3. [What does Form I Part E record?](#what-does-form-i-part-e-record) 4. [When is Form I Part E filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-i-part-e-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form I Part E from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-i-part-e-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form I Part E? Form I Part E of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection after completion of boiler erection at assembly site, prescribed under regulation 8(a)(v). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form II-C (inspecting authority certificate of inspection during erection). ## Who issues and signs Form I Part E? The Inspecting Authority, signed by its Competent Person and the Inspecting Authority. ## What does Form I Part E record? - The boiler type, design pressure, maker and maker's number - That it was erected under supervision and inspected at stages of erection by the Competent Person - That welded seams had post-weld heat treatment and non-destructive examination where applicable - The water pressure test after erection, its pressure and date ## When is Form I Part E filed, and with what? Issued after erection and the site hydrostatic test, for boilers assembled at site (regulation 8(a)(v)). ## What changed for Form I Part E from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form II-C. ## Related forms - Form I Part A: Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction, boiler made to a foreign code for export (was Form II-A) - [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b): Certificate of inspection for shop assembled boilers (was Form II(1)) - [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c): Certificate of inspection for site assembled boilers at maker's works (was Form II(2)) - [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d): Inspecting Authority's certificate of inspection during construction of boilers with permitted variations from standard conditions (was Form II-B) - Form VIII: Final inspection report for boiler components Quoted from the regulations (2) > “The Inspecting Authority shall issue certificate in Form-I(Part-E) after completion of boiler erection and satisfactory hydrostatic test at the assembly site.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(a)(v) > “All welded seams were subjected to post weld Heat treatment and Non-destructive examination wherever applicable and found satisfactory.” > > IBR 2026, Form I Part E See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form IV Part A (formerly Form III): Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a description: "The boiler maker's own certificate describing the boiler, its parts, materials, construction, mountings and tests. It was Form III under IBR 1950." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form IV Part A: Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test The boiler maker's own certificate describing the boiler, its parts, materials, construction, mountings and tests. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form IV Part A?](#what-is-form-iv-part-a) 2. [Who issues and signs Form IV Part A?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-iv-part-a) 3. [What does Form IV Part A record?](#what-does-form-iv-part-a-record) 4. [When is Form IV Part A filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-iv-part-a-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form IV Part A from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-iv-part-a-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form IV Part A? Form IV Part A of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the constructor's certificate of manufacture and test, prescribed under regulation 8(b). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form III (constructor's certificate of manufacture and test). ## Who issues and signs Form IV Part A? The maker of the boiler or its representative; the Inspecting Authority countersigns it. ## What does Form IV Part A record? - Description: constructor, contract, type of boiler, length and diameter, design pressure, maker's number and year of make, heating surface, evaporation capacity, steam temperatures - Parts made at the constructor's works, and parts made outside it, with drawing numbers and makers - Construction: the chapter it complies with, numbers of longitudinal and circumferential seams, weld repairs, heat treatment, radiography - Drums and shells; headers and boxes - Mountings: main and auxiliary stop valves, safety valves, blow-down valves, feed check valves - Safety valve details and test results - The maker's certification that the listed parts were used, backed by the makers' certificates ## When is Form IV Part A filed, and with what? Goes with the registration application, with Form I Part B or C, the drawings, and Form V Part B listing every material certificate used (regulation 8). ## What changed for Form IV Part A from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form III. Under IBR 2026 the extract of all material test certificates (Form V Part B) is filed with it. ## Related forms - [Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b): Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes (was Form III-A) - [Form IV Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c): Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes (was Form III-B) - Form IV Part D: Certificate of manufacture and test of boiler mountings and fittings (was Form III-C) - Form IV Part E: Certificate of manufacture and test of castings (was Form III-F) - Form IV Part F: Certificate of manufacture and test of forgings (was Form III-G) - Form IV Part G: Certificate of manufacture and test for headers, desuperheaters/attemperators, blowdown tanks, feed water tanks, accumulators and deaerators (was Form III-H) - Form IV Part H: Certificate of manufacture and test for dished ends and end covers (was Form III-I) - [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii): Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers (was Form XVII) - Form XXIII: Certificate of manufacture and test for small solar boilers (was Form XVII) Quoted from the regulations (5) > “A certificate in Form-IV(Part-A) of manufacture and test signed by the maker of the boiler or its representative” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(b) > “the intended working pressure, the area of heating surface, the maximum continuous evaporative capacity, the year and place of manufacture, and the works number of the boiler.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(b) > “The extract of all test certificates of materials used in boiler and boiler components in Form-V(Part-B) along with Form-IV(Part-A).” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(iv) > “Number of longitudinal seams in shell/drum in each belt” > > IBR 2026, Form IV Part A > “The particulars shown against the various parts used are in accordance with the enclosed certificates from the respective Makers.” > > IBR 2026, Form IV Part A See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form IV Part B (formerly Form III-A): Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b description: "The certificate of manufacture and test for steam and feed pipes. It was Form III-A under IBR 1950. Prescribed by regulation 10 of the Indian Boiler…" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form IV Part B: Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes The certificate of manufacture and test for steam and feed pipes. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form IV Part B?](#what-is-form-iv-part-b) 2. [Who issues and signs Form IV Part B?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-iv-part-b) 3. [What does Form IV Part B record?](#what-does-form-iv-part-b-record) 4. [When is Form IV Part B filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-iv-part-b-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form IV Part B from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-iv-part-b-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form IV Part B? Form IV Part B of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate of manufacture and test for pipes, prescribed under regulation 10. Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form III-A (certificate of manufacture and test for pipes). ## Who issues and signs Form IV Part B? The pipe maker and the Inspecting Authority. Well-known pipe makers may issue it online with a digital signature. ## What does Form IV Part B record? - The part and quantity, drawing number, maker and customer - The steel: process of manufacture, fully killed or rimmed, chemical composition, heat number, size, test certificate number and date, steel maker - The pipe: process of manufacture, main dimensions, tolerances, specification - Tests: bend test on pipe or weld, flattening, tensile strength, chemical composition, heat treatment, hydraulic test in kg/cm² (g) - The identification mark of the Inspecting Authority or well-known pipe maker ## When is Form IV Part B filed, and with what? Kept with the boiler's records by the Inspecting Authority, the owner and the manufacturer (regulation 308). ## What changed for Form IV Part B from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form III-A, which is the name many folders still use. ## Related forms - [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a): Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test (was Form III) - [Form IV Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c): Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes (was Form III-B) - Form IV Part D: Certificate of manufacture and test of boiler mountings and fittings (was Form III-C) - Form IV Part E: Certificate of manufacture and test of castings (was Form III-F) - Form IV Part F: Certificate of manufacture and test of forgings (was Form III-G) - Form IV Part G: Certificate of manufacture and test for headers, desuperheaters/attemperators, blowdown tanks, feed water tanks, accumulators and deaerators (was Form III-H) - Form IV Part H: Certificate of manufacture and test for dished ends and end covers (was Form III-I) - [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii): Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers (was Form XVII) - Form XXIII: Certificate of manufacture and test for small solar boilers (was Form XVII) Quoted from the regulations (2) > “A certificate of manufacture and test in Form-IV(Part-B) signed by the maker and the Inspecting Authority shall be furnished and well-known pipe makers may also furnish digitally signed” > > IBR 2026, regulation 10 > “Identification mark of Inspecting Authority/Well known pipe maker” > > IBR 2026, Form IV Part B See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form IV Part C (formerly Form III-B): Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c description: "The certificate of manufacture and test for boiler tubes. It was Form III-B under IBR 1950. Prescribed by regulation 11 of the Indian Boiler Regulations…" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form IV Part C: Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes The certificate of manufacture and test for boiler tubes. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form IV Part C?](#what-is-form-iv-part-c) 2. [Who issues and signs Form IV Part C?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-iv-part-c) 3. [What does Form IV Part C record?](#what-does-form-iv-part-c-record) 4. [When is Form IV Part C filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-iv-part-c-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form IV Part C from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-iv-part-c-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form IV Part C? Form IV Part C of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate of manufacture and test for tubes, prescribed under regulation 11. Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form III-B (certificate of manufacture and test for tubes). ## Who issues and signs Form IV Part C? The tube maker and the Inspecting Authority. Well-known tube makers may issue it electronically with a digital signature. ## What does Form IV Part C record? - The part and quantity, drawing number, maker and customer - The steel: process of manufacture, fully killed or rimmed, chemical composition, heat number, size, test certificate number and date, steel maker - The tube: process of manufacture, main dimensions, tolerances, specification - Tests: tensile strength, elongation, bend, flattening, crushing, flare and flange tests, heat treatment, hydraulic test in kg/cm² (g) ## When is Form IV Part C filed, and with what? Kept with the boiler's records by the Inspecting Authority, the owner and the manufacturer (regulation 308). ## What changed for Form IV Part C from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form III-B. ## Related forms - [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a): Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test (was Form III) - [Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b): Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes (was Form III-A) - Form IV Part D: Certificate of manufacture and test of boiler mountings and fittings (was Form III-C) - Form IV Part E: Certificate of manufacture and test of castings (was Form III-F) - Form IV Part F: Certificate of manufacture and test of forgings (was Form III-G) - Form IV Part G: Certificate of manufacture and test for headers, desuperheaters/attemperators, blowdown tanks, feed water tanks, accumulators and deaerators (was Form III-H) - Form IV Part H: Certificate of manufacture and test for dished ends and end covers (was Form III-I) - [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii): Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers (was Form XVII) - Form XXIII: Certificate of manufacture and test for small solar boilers (was Form XVII) Quoted from the regulations (2) > “A certificate of manufacture and test in Form-IV(Part-C), signed by the maker and the Inspecting Authority shall be furnished” > > IBR 2026, regulation 11 > “Crushing test” > > IBR 2026, Form IV Part C See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form V Part A (formerly Form IV): Steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a description: "The steel maker's certificate for plates and bars: charge numbers, chemical analysis and mechanical test results. It was Form IV under IBR 1950." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form V Part A: Steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests The steel maker's certificate for plates and bars: charge numbers, chemical analysis and mechanical test results. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form V Part A?](#what-is-form-v-part-a) 2. [Who issues and signs Form V Part A?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-v-part-a) 3. [What does Form V Part A record?](#what-does-form-v-part-a-record) 4. [When is Form V Part A filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-v-part-a-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form V Part A from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-v-part-a-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form V Part A? Form V Part A of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests, prescribed under regulation 8(d). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form IV (steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of test). ## Who issues and signs Form V Part A? The steel maker. A Well-known steel maker recognised by the Central Boilers Board can issue it in place of an Inspecting Authority certificate. ## What does Form V Part A record? - Charge numbers, plate or bar numbers, and the number and dimensions of plates tested - Chemical analysis - Ultimate tensile strength in kg/mm², percentage elongation and gauge length - Bend and other tests, their results and dates ## When is Form V Part A filed, and with what? Goes with the registration application (regulation 8(d)); the owner keeps it for the boiler's life (regulation 308). Where the original certificate also covers plates used elsewhere, an extract signed by the boiler maker and countersigned by the Inspecting Authority is accepted instead. ## What changed for Form V Part A from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form IV, which gave tensile breaking strength in tons; IBR 2026 asks for ultimate tensile strength in kilograms per square millimetre. ## Related forms - [Form V Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b): Certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates (was Form IV-A) Quoted from the regulations (3) > “shall show the charge numbers, the plate or bar numbers and the number and dimensions of the various plates tested, their chemical analysis, their ultimate tensile strength in kilograms per square millimetre of section” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(i) > “a certificate of Well-known steel maker in Form-V(Part-A) shall be accepted in lieu of a certificate from an Inspection Authority.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(ii) > “an extract from the original certificate duly signed by the makers of the boiler and countersigned by the Inspecting Authority shall be accepted in lieu of the certificate in Form-V(Part-A)” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(iii) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form V Part B (formerly Form IV-A): Certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b description: "The extract that lists every material test certificate used in a boiler and its components, filed with the maker's Form IV Part A." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form V Part B: Certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates The extract that lists every material test certificate used in a boiler and its components, filed with the maker's Form IV Part A. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form V Part B?](#what-is-form-v-part-b) 2. [Who issues and signs Form V Part B?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-v-part-b) 3. [What does Form V Part B record?](#what-does-form-v-part-b-record) 4. [When is Form V Part B filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-v-part-b-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form V Part B from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-v-part-b-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form V Part B? Form V Part B of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates, prescribed under regulation 8(d). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form IV-A (certificate of manufacture and results of tests in lieu of original test certificates). ## Who issues and signs Form V Part B? The boiler maker and its representative, from the original material test certificates, with the Competent Person and the Inspecting Authority also signing. ## What does Form V Part B record? - The boiler's maker's number and drawing number - For each component: quantity, size, cast or heat number and plate number, steel-making process, specification - The steel or part maker, certificate number and date, heat treatment - Chemical analysis (C, Mn, P, S, Si and alloying elements), yield strength and UTS in kg/mm², elongation, bend test - The name of the inspecting authority ## When is Form V Part B filed, and with what? Filed with Form IV Part A in the registration application (regulation 8(d)(iv)). The manufacturer keeps it for at least five years (regulation 308(4)). ## What changed for Form V Part B from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form IV-A. IBR 2026 makes it an explicit part of the registration documents, filed with Form IV Part A. ## Related forms - [Form V Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a): Steel maker's certificate of manufacture and results of tests (was Form IV) Quoted from the regulations (2) > “The extract of all test certificates of materials used in boiler and boiler components in Form-V(Part-B) along with Form-IV(Part-A).” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(iv) > “Name and signature of Competent Person” > > IBR 2026, Form V Part B See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form X (formerly Form V): Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x description: "The order that lets a newly inspected boiler be used before its registration and certificate are complete. It was Form V under IBR 1950." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form X: Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025 The order that lets a newly inspected boiler be used before its registration and certificate are complete. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form X?](#what-is-form-x) 2. [Who issues and signs Form X?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-x) 3. [What does Form X record?](#what-does-form-x-record) 4. [When is Form X filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-x-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form X from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-x-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form X? Form X of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025, prescribed under regulation 300(2). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form V (provisional order under section 9 of the boilers act, 1923). ## Who issues and signs Form X? The Inspector, after inspecting the boiler and conducting the hydraulic test. ## What does Form X record? - Who may use the boiler, its registry number and rating, maker and maker's number - The design pressure in kg/cm² (g) at which it may be used - That it lapses six months from its date, pending the issue or refusal of a certificate ## When is Form X filed, and with what? Issued during registration. If its requirements aren't met, fresh orders can be issued for up to six months more, and not beyond twelve months from the first (regulation 300(3)). ## What changed for Form X from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 and the Boilers Act, 1923 this was Form V, under section 9 of that Act. ## Related forms - [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi): Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book (was Form I) - [Form XII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii): Certificate for use of a boiler (was Form VI) Quoted from the regulations (3) > “a provisional order under section 14 in Form-X shall be issued after the hydraulic test.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 300(2) > “pending the issue of or refusal of a certificate within six months from the date thereof after which period this order will become void.” > > IBR 2026, Form X > “fresh provisional orders shall be issued for a maximum of another six months but not exceeding twelve months from the date of issue of first provisional order” > > IBR 2026, regulation 300(3) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form XI (formerly Form I): Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi description: "The boiler's lifelong inspection record: its particulars, dimensions, hydraulic and steam tests, inspections, repairs and accidents." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form XI: Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book The boiler's lifelong inspection record: its particulars, dimensions, hydraulic and steam tests, inspections, repairs and accidents. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form XI?](#what-is-form-xi) 2. [Who issues and signs Form XI?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-xi) 3. [What does Form XI record?](#what-does-form-xi-record) 4. [When is Form XI filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-xi-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form XI from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-xi-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form XI? Form XI of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book, prescribed under regulation 306. Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form I (memorandum of inspection or registration book). ## Who issues and signs Form XI? Prepared by the Inspector at registration; later entries by the Competent Person; kept in the Chief Inspector's office. ## What does Form XI record? - The boiler's particulars and dimensions - Hydraulic and steam tests - Inspection notes, general condition and repairs - Reports of casual visits, main steam pipe inspections and accidents - The design pressure approved by the Chief Inspector ## When is Form XI filed, and with what? Submitted to the Chief Inspector with the maker's papers after the Inspector's report; a copy is kept as the registration book (regulations 300(4), 306, 307). ## What changed for Form XI from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form I, which is why older folders call the registration book 'Form I'. ## Related forms - [Form X](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x): Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025 (was Form V) - [Form XII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii): Certificate for use of a boiler (was Form VI) Quoted from the regulations (2) > “A Memorandum of Inspection Book shall be prepared for each boiler in Form-XI” > > IBR 2026, regulation 306(1) > “A pressure once approved for the boiler shall not be altered without the written authority of the Chief Inspector.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 306(4)(c) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form XII (formerly Form VI): Certificate for use of a boiler" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii description: "The certificate that authorises a registered boiler's use, at the design pressure it states. It was Form VI under IBR 1950." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form XII: Certificate for use of a boiler The certificate that authorises a registered boiler's use, at the design pressure it states. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form XII?](#what-is-form-xii) 2. [Who issues and signs Form XII?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-xii) 3. [What does Form XII record?](#what-does-form-xii-record) 4. [When is Form XII filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-xii-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form XII from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-xii-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form XII? Form XII of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate for use of a boiler, prescribed under regulation 310. Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form VI (certificate for use of a boiler). ## Who issues and signs Form XII? Granted under regulation 310 once the boiler is registered. ## What does Form XII record? - Registry number, type of boiler and boiler rating - Place and year of manufacture - The design pressure at which the boiler may be worked - The load on the safety valves, or the washers or ferrules that guard against overloading - The date and pressure of the last hydraulic test ## When is Form XII filed, and with what? Granted under regulation 310; regulation 305 sets the inspection fee for renewing it. ## What changed for Form XII from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form VI. ## Related forms - [Form X](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x): Provisional order under section 14 of the Boilers Act, 2025 (was Form V) - [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi): Memorandum of Inspection Book or Registration Book (was Form I) Quoted from the regulations (2) > “A certificate for the use of a boiler shall be granted in Form-XII.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 310(1) > “In the certificate, the design pressure at which the boiler shall be worked, the load to be placed on the safety valves or the thickness of the washers or ferrules required as safeguard against overloading and the date and pressure of the last hydraulic test of the boiler shall be entered.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 310(2) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR Form XXII (formerly Form XVII): Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii description: "The certificate of manufacture and test for a small industrial boiler. It was Form XVII under IBR 1950. Prescribed by regulation 555(2) of the Indian Boiler…" --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) 3. [Forms](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) # Form XXII: Certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers The certificate of manufacture and test for a small industrial boiler. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 On this page 1. [What is Form XXII?](#what-is-form-xxii) 2. [Who issues and signs Form XXII?](#who-issues-and-signs-form-xxii) 3. [What does Form XXII record?](#what-does-form-xxii-record) 4. [When is Form XXII filed, and with what?](#when-is-form-xxii-filed-and-with-what) 5. [What changed for Form XXII from IBR 1950?](#what-changed-for-form-xxii-from-ibr-1950) 6. [Related forms](#related-forms) ## What is Form XXII? Form XXII of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 is the certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers, prescribed under regulation 555(2). Under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950 it was Form XVII (certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers including small industrial solar boilers). ## Who issues and signs Form XXII? Signed by the manufacturer, with the Competent Person and the Inspecting Authority certifying that the boiler was built under their supervision and inspected at stages. ## What does Form XXII record? - Maker's name and year of make; who it was manufactured for; location of installation - Boiler identification and the Competent Person's stamp; drawing and alteration numbers - Design pressure in kg/cm² (g), size, material specification, volumetric capacity, heating surface, nozzle connections - The shop hydro test pressure and date ## When is Form XXII filed, and with what? Issued under regulation 555(2). Where the plate is too small to stamp everything, the certificate carries the details (regulation 553(2)). ## What changed for Form XXII from IBR 1950? Under IBR 1950 this was Form XVII, which also covered small solar boilers. In 2026 small solar boilers have their own Form XXIII, and Form XVII is now an economiser's provisional order. ## Related forms - [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a): Constructor's certificate of manufacture and test (was Form III) - [Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b): Certificate of manufacture and test for pipes (was Form III-A) - [Form IV Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-c): Certificate of manufacture and test for tubes (was Form III-B) - Form IV Part D: Certificate of manufacture and test of boiler mountings and fittings (was Form III-C) - Form IV Part E: Certificate of manufacture and test of castings (was Form III-F) - Form IV Part F: Certificate of manufacture and test of forgings (was Form III-G) - Form IV Part G: Certificate of manufacture and test for headers, desuperheaters/attemperators, blowdown tanks, feed water tanks, accumulators and deaerators (was Form III-H) - Form IV Part H: Certificate of manufacture and test for dished ends and end covers (was Form III-I) - Form XXIII: Certificate of manufacture and test for small solar boilers (was Form XVII) Quoted from the regulations (3) > “The certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers shall be issued in Form-XXII.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 555(2) > “The small industrial boilers shall be subjected to inspection during construction by an Inspecting Authority” > > IBR 2026, regulation 550 > “Shop Hydro Test Pressure” > > IBR 2026, Form XXII See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping description: "Who keeps a boiler's IBR certificates and drawings, and for how long, under regulation 308 of IBR 2026 — 3 years, 5 years, or the boiler's life." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) # How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026 Regulation 308 of IBR 2026 sets three retention periods for a boiler's certificates and approved drawings: the Inspecting Authority keeps them at least 3 years after registration, the manufacturer at least 5 years, and the owner for the boiler's entire life, passing them to any new owner. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 [](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/ibr-record-keeping.webp) Who keeps which boiler records, and for how long, under regulation 308 of IBR 2026. On this page 1. [How long must a boiler manufacturer keep IBR records?](#how-long-must-a-boiler-manufacturer-keep-ibr-records) 2. [How long must the boiler owner keep them?](#how-long-must-the-boiler-owner-keep-them) 3. [How long does the Inspecting Authority keep them?](#how-long-does-the-inspecting-authority-keep-them) 4. [Where is the boiler's inspection book kept?](#where-is-the-boiler-s-inspection-book-kept) 5. [When can the original certificates be asked for?](#when-can-the-original-certificates-be-asked-for) 6. [Why does five years matter for a manufacturer?](#why-does-five-years-matter-for-a-manufacturer) ## How long must a boiler manufacturer keep IBR records? A boiler manufacturer keeps the boiler's records for at least five years under regulation 308(4) of IBR 2026\. The same rule covers makers of economisers and steam pipes. The records are the Inspecting Authority's certificates (Form I Part B or C), the component certificates (Form IV Parts B, C and D), the material certificates (Form V Parts A and B), the economiser certificates (Forms XV and XVI) and copies of the approved drawings. ## How long must the boiler owner keep them? The owner keeps the boiler's certificates and approved drawings for the entire life of the boiler under regulation 308(2). If the boiler is sold, the records go to the new owner, who keeps them on the same terms (regulation 308(3)). ## How long does the Inspecting Authority keep them? The Inspecting Authority keeps a boiler's records, including Form IV Part A, for at least three years after registration, and may then send them to the owner (regulation 308(1)). ## Where is the boiler's inspection book kept? The Memorandum of Inspection Book, [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi), is kept in the Chief Inspector's office except when the Competent Person needs it for an inspection (regulation 306). The Chief Inspector also keeps a registration book with the same particulars (regulation 307). If a boiler moves to another state, both books go to that state's Chief Inspector on request (regulation 309). ## When can the original certificates be asked for? Within three years of a boiler's registration, if a question arises about its fitness for the approved working pressure, the Chief Inspector can ask the owner to obtain and furnish the original documents (regulation 8(d)(ii)). ## Why does five years matter for a manufacturer? Five years of certificates for every boiler made is a large archive. In one boiler manufacturer's sample, each [material test certificate](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate) was used across about 3.2 boilers, so one certificate is evidence in several folders. The system Ahrom Labs built for that manufacturer keeps them in one bank indexed by certificate, cast and plate number, rather than copied into each folder. See [how that system keeps test certificates](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom). Quoted from the regulations (9) > “the copies of the approved drawings for a period of at least three years after registration of the boiler and thereafter these records may be sent to the owner of the boiler by the Inspecting Authority.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 308(1) > “and the copies of the approved drawing for the entire life of the boiler or economiser as the case may be.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 308(2) > “In the event of any transfer of the ownership, the records mentioned above shall be transferred to the new owner” > > IBR 2026, regulation 308(3) > “The manufacturer of boiler or economiser or steam pipe shall maintain the record pertaining to the boiler or economiser or steam pipe” > > IBR 2026, regulation 308(4) > “and the copies of the approved drawings for a period of at least five years.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 308(4) > “In case any question arises in respect of the fitness of the boilers for the working pressure approved by the Inspecting Authority within a period of three years from the date of their registration, the owner shall if requested by the Chief Inspector obtain and furnish the original documents” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(ii) > “A Memorandum of Inspection Book shall be prepared for each boiler in Form-XI” > > IBR 2026, regulation 306(1) > “The Memorandum of Inspection Book shall be kept clean and up-to-date” > > IBR 2026, regulation 306(4)(d) > “On transfer of a boiler from one state to another, the memorandum of inspection book and the registration book shall, on the request of Chief Inspector of the state to which the boiler has been transferred, be forwarded to that officer” > > IBR 2026, regulation 309 See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents description: "Checklist for a boiler registration application under IBR 2026: the four document sets, Forms I Part B or C, IV Part A and V Part A, and what follows." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) # Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist Under regulation 8 of IBR 2026, a boiler's registration application goes to the Chief Inspector with four sets of documents: the Inspecting Authority's certificate (Form I Part B or C), the maker's certificate (Form IV Part A), drawings, and the material certificates (Form V Part A, with the Form V Part B extract). [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 [](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/ibr-registration-steps.webp) The seven steps from application to certificate for use, under regulations 8, 300, 301 and 310 of IBR 2026. On this page 1. [Which documents go with a boiler registration application?](#which-documents-go-with-a-boiler-registration-application) 2. [What else is needed for some boilers?](#what-else-is-needed-for-some-boilers) 3. [What happens after the application is filed?](#what-happens-after-the-application-is-filed) 4. [When is the registry number engraved?](#when-is-the-registry-number-engraved) ## Which documents go with a boiler registration application? Regulation 8 of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 lists what goes to the Chief Inspector with an application to register a boiler. They may be filed on paper or electronically with digital signatures. 1. **The Inspecting Authority's certificate:** [Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b) for a shop-assembled boiler, or [Form I Part C](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-c) for one assembled at site. [Form I Part D](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-d) replaces either when permitted variations apply. 2. **The maker's certificate of manufacture and test:** [Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a), signed by the maker. 3. **Drawings:** for a shop-assembled boiler, drawings showing principal dimensions, sections, maker's number, stamp position, bill of material, welding details and design parameters. 4. **Material certificates:** the steel maker's [Form V Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a), and the [Form V Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b) extract of every [material test certificate](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate) used. ## What else is needed for some boilers? Fusion-welded drums need a diagram of weld repairs and the heat-treatment temperature charts (regulation 8(d)(v)). Alloy steels used in the creep range in the furnace or superheater zone need two 1,000-hour stress rupture tests for each grade (regulation 8(d)(vi)). Boilers under 20 tons per hour carry all their mountings and fittings certificates; at 20 tons per hour and above, mountings for site-assembled boilers may be supplied separately (regulation 8(d)(vii)). ## What happens after the application is filed? Under regulation 300, the Inspector inspects the boiler at site for transit damage and checks the maker's certificate against the boiler. The Inspector then conducts the hydraulic test and issues a provisional order in [Form X](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-x), so the boiler can be used while registration completes. The particulars and test results go into the Memorandum of Inspection Book, [Form XI](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xi), which goes to the Chief Inspector with the maker's papers. Once the registry number is issued, the Inspector conducts a steam test and enters it in Form XI (regulation 300(4)); the certificate for use, [Form XII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xii), follows (regulation 310). ## When is the registry number engraved? Within one month of receiving it, the registry number is cut into the boiler's front plate or wherever the Inspector points out, and the engraving is reported to the Chief Inspector within the same month (regulation 301). The number sits below the state's letters, for example GT for Gujarat and MR for Maharashtra; a small industrial boiler's number carries an "S" prefix. Quoted from the regulations (13) > “The engraving shall be complete and ready for verification within one month from the date of receipt of registry number, and the fact shall be reported to the Chief Inspector of Boiler within this period.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 301(2) > “A certificate in Form-I(Part-B) or Form-I(Part-C), as the case may be, from an Inspecting Authority, certifying that the material was tested and the boiler was built under their supervision” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(a)(i) > “A certificate in Form-IV(Part-A) of manufacture and test signed by the maker of the boiler or its representative” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(b) > “In case of shop assembled boilers, drawings to an appropriate scale showing the principal dimensions, sections, maker’s number, position of Inspecting Authority’s stamp, bill of material, welding details and design parameters.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(c)(i) > “A certificate in Form-V(Part-A) from the steel maker and a certificate from the maker of the plates or bars” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(i) > “The extract of all test certificates of materials used in boiler and boiler components in Form-V(Part-B) along with Form-IV(Part-A).” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(iv) > “In the case of fusion welded drums, diagram of weld repairs and temperature charts of heat-treatment shall also be furnished.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(v) > “Alloy steel materials used in creep range in furnace or super-heater zone” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(vi) > “two numbers of 1000 hour stress rupture tests shall be carried out at 50°C above the maximum service temperature for each grade of alloy steel and Nickel alloys” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(vi)(A) > “all boilers of capacity less than 20 tons per hour shall carry all the mountings or fittings certificates in respective forms” > > IBR 2026, regulation 8(d)(vii) > “the Inspector shall conduct hydraulic test as per requirements of regulations 298 and a provisional order under section 14 in Form-X shall be issued after the hydraulic test.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 300(2) > “after issue of registry number, the Inspector shall conduct steam test as per regulation 299 and enter the details of steam test in Form-XI.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 300(4) > “The registry number of every boiler shall, within a period of one month from the date of receipt thereof, shall be cut in the front plate” > > IBR 2026, regulation 301(1)(a)(i) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 25, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026 | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/small-industrial-boilers description: "What counts as a small industrial boiler under IBR 2026 (Chapter 14), its inspection stages, hydraulic test, Form XXII certificate and registry number." --- 1. [Home](https://ahromlabs.com/) 2. [IBR](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) # Small industrial boilers under IBR 2026 Under IBR 2026 a small industrial boiler is a shell boiler up to 7 kg/cm² (g) holding more than 25 and up to 500 litres, or a coil, once-through or water tube boiler up to 12 kg/cm² (g) and 150 litres. Its certificate of manufacture and test is Form XXII, which was Form XVII under IBR 1950. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · Checked against the Gazette on October 17, 2026 · IBR 2026, in force from 1 October 2026 [](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/ibr-small-industrial-boiler.webp) The pressure and volume limits of a small industrial boiler under regulation 546 of IBR 2026. On this page 1. [What counts as a small industrial boiler under IBR 2026?](#what-counts-as-a-small-industrial-boiler-under-ibr-2026) 2. [Which stages are inspected for a small shell boiler?](#which-stages-are-inspected-for-a-small-shell-boiler) 3. [Which certificate does a small industrial boiler need?](#which-certificate-does-a-small-industrial-boiler-need) 4. [Which plates can a small industrial boiler use, and is a steel maker's certificate needed?](#which-plates-can-a-small-industrial-boiler-use-and-is-a-steel-maker-s-certificate-needed) 5. [How is a small industrial boiler's registry number marked?](#how-is-a-small-industrial-boiler-s-registry-number-marked) ## What counts as a small industrial boiler under IBR 2026? A small industrial boiler, under regulation 546 of IBR 2026, is one of two kinds. A shell type boiler working up to 7 kg/cm² (g), with a volumetric capacity of more than 25 litres and up to 500 litres, measured from the feed check valve to the main steam stop valve. Or a coil type, once-through or water tube boiler working up to 12 kg/cm² (g), with a capacity of up to 150 litres. A boiler combining both kinds is held to 7 kg/cm² (g) and 500 litres in total. ## Which stages are inspected for a small shell boiler? An Inspecting Authority inspects a small industrial boiler during construction (regulation 550). For a shell type boiler, regulation 551 sets four stages: material identification and inspection; each component after welding and drilling; assembly of the boiler; and the hydraulic test. A welded boiler is tested at twice its design pressure, and the maker provides a test coupon for root and face bend tests. ## Which certificate does a small industrial boiler need? A small industrial boiler's certificate of manufacture and test is [Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii) (regulation 555(2)). Under IBR 1950 this was Form XVII, which also covered small solar boilers; they now have their own Form XXIII. If the boiler's plate is too small to stamp every detail, the certificate carries them, but the name, works number and year of make are always stamped or shown on the boiler (regulation 553(2)). ## Which plates can a small industrial boiler use, and is a steel maker's certificate needed? A small industrial boiler's plates are IS 2062 fully killed steel or equivalent, at least 6 mm thick for the shell and heads, and at least 8 mm where heads serve as tube sheets for rolled-in tubes (regulation 548(2)(a)). The steel maker's certificate in Form V Part A is not required for IS 2062 plates, provided every other certification requirement is met (regulation 548(2)(b)). ## How is a small industrial boiler's registry number marked? A small industrial boiler's registry number carries an "S" prefix below the state's letters, for example "GT" over "S-" and the number for a boiler registered in Gujarat (regulation 301(1)(c)). Quoted from the regulations (13) > “A shell type boiler generating steam for use external to itself under pressure up to 7 kg/cm2 (g) and having a volumetric capacity exceeding 25 litres” > > IBR 2026, regulation 546(a) > “but not exceeding 500 litres including the volumetric capacity of all pressure parts being heated from the same heating source and connected to the boiler” > > IBR 2026, regulation 546(a) > “The limitation of pressure shall be 12 kg/cm2 (g), and” > > IBR 2026, regulation 546(b) > “The capacity shall not be exceeding 150 litres;” > > IBR 2026, regulation 546(b) > “The small industrial boilers shall be subjected to inspection during construction by an Inspecting Authority” > > IBR 2026, regulation 550 > “material identification and inspection;” > > IBR 2026, regulation 551(1) > “the hydraulic test pressure shall be equal to two times the design pressure of the boiler.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 551(2) > “A test coupon shall be provided by the maker for conducting root and face bend tests.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 551(3) > “but in all cases, name, works number and the year of the make shall be stamped or exhibited on the boiler.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 553(2) > “The certificate of manufacture and test for small industrial boilers shall be issued in Form-XXII.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 555(2) > “Steel plates used in the construction of the boilers shall be of IS: 2062 fully killed or equivalent and the plate for shell and heads shall be not less than 6 mm in thickness” > > IBR 2026, regulation 548(2)(a) > “The steel maker certificate provided in Part A of Form V is not required for steel plates of IS: 2062 from the steel maker provided all other certification requirements as specified in applicable regulations are complied with.” > > IBR 2026, regulation 548(2)(b) > “In the case of registration of small industrial boilers, the letter “S” shall be added as a prefixed to the registration number” > > IBR 2026, regulation 301(1)(c) See a boiler's IBR folder produced from its material certificates, with a sample company. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. Built for a boiler manufacturer: [ERP for boiler manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) · [how the folder is produced](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) · [other rules an ERP must meet](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/compliance) ## IBR 2026 guides - [What changed with the Boilers Act 2025 and IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/2026-changes) - [Boiler registration under IBR 2026: documents checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) - [How long boiler records must be kept under IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/record-keeping) - [IBR 2026 forms list, and their IBR 1950 names](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms) ## Official sources - [Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 (Gazette of India, Extraordinary, No. 596)](https://egazette.gov.in/WriteReadData/2026/276813.pdf). Central Boilers Board, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, October 1, 2026. ## What this page is not A guide written by Ahrom Labs from the Gazette text; not legal advice. The Gazette governs wherever this page differs from it, and a state's Chief Inspector of Boilers may set procedures of their own. Last updated October 17, 2026. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Industries we build ERP software for | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/industries description: "Industries Ahrom Labs has built operational systems for — boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing, electronics-component trading, interior design and…" --- # Industries Every industry below has a real system behind it, built by us and in use. Each page covers the problems that business actually has, what we built, and the engineering notes with the numbers. ## [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) Ahrom Labs built the operations system a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer runs on — BOM, procurement, stores, plate cutting, production, QC, IBR statutory folders, job costing, GST and TDS accounting, service contracts and a customer portal, in one system. Each boiler's IBR folder takes a few minutes instead of being typed up by hand: the form set follows the boiler model, certificates come from a bank of material test certificates, and a person adds the parts. Built for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer ## [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Ahrom Labs built LS Technologies' ERP and CRM with TallyPrime automation, AI extraction of purchase and import paperwork, and a reel-level inventory system for PCB components with QR labels, dispatch checked against the customer's purchase order, and stock across two stores. Approved invoices post into Tally within 30 seconds, and five document types — bills of entry included — are extracted at 88–95% zero-correction, each approved by a person. Built for LS Technologies ## [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) Ahrom Labs built the backend Savistar (interior design) and Saag (furniture manufacturing) run on: clients and quotations built from a BOQ, projects and site visits, workshop orders, workers, vendors and freight, and one finance ledger for two sister companies. Each invoice carries the right company's GSTIN, and staff see only their own cash entries, enforced at the server. Built for Savistar & Saag ## Not on the list? Industry matters less than the shape of the problem. If your business has outgrown spreadsheets and off-the-shelf software, the same approach applies — see [what we build](https://ahromlabs.com/services) and [how an engagement works](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement). ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers" url: https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing description: "Custom ERP for boiler makers: BOM, plate traceability, IBR folders built from a bank of test certificates, job costing, QC, GST and after-sales service." --- [Industries](https://ahromlabs.com/industries) · Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers # ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers Ahrom Labs built the operations system a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer runs on — BOM, procurement, stores, plate cutting, production, QC, IBR statutory folders, job costing, GST and TDS accounting, service contracts and a customer portal, in one system. Each boiler's IBR folder takes a few minutes instead of being typed up by hand: the form set follows the boiler model, certificates come from a bank of material test certificates, and a person adds the parts. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sample company. Free. Resets every night. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 - **IBR forms produced:** Cover letter and IBR 2026 Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B (Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950) - **Boiler models, each with its own form set:** 8 - **Reports and documents:** 23, one computation each - **Live plate-cut test:** 157.00 kg → 127.17 used + 15.70 remnant + 14.13 scrap How an order moves through the system 1. **Enquiry to sale order**: CRM lead, quotation and sale order, with payment stages tracked per order. 2. **Project and model**: The boiler model sets the IBR form set; the maker-number prefix sets the legal entity. 3. **Design and BOM**: Role-approved drawings, calculation sheets, and a multi-level BOM tree with reusable structure templates. 4. **BOM release**: Remnants already in stock are reserved first; only the shortfall goes to Procurement. 5. **Procurement**: Requests, sourcing, supplier quotes, selection and purchase orders, with delivery lots per PO. 6. **Receiving**: Inward QC approval on each delivery; test-certificate PDFs read by AI into the certificate bank. 7. **Cutting and production**: Plates cut into parts, remnant and scrap by weight; work orders and job cards on the shop floor. 8. **Quality**: Incoming and finished-goods inspection, hold points, NCRs, calibration; certificates matched to parts. 9. **IBR folder and dispatch**: Statutory folder put together from the certificate bank; packing list approved by QC and Production; e-way bill and freight captured. 10. **Accounts and after-sales**: Invoice, GST and TDS in the same ledger; service calls, contracts and service reports after commissioning. On this page 1. [Can I try it before talking to anyone?](#can-i-try-it-before-talking-to-anyone) 2. [What does a boiler manufacturer need that a generic ERP doesn't give?](#what-does-a-boiler-manufacturer-need-that-a-generic-erp-doesn-t-give) 3. [Can the IBR statutory folder come out of the system instead of being typed?](#can-the-ibr-statutory-folder-come-out-of-the-system-instead-of-being-typed) 4. [How is material traced from test certificate to finished boiler?](#how-is-material-traced-from-test-certificate-to-finished-boiler) 5. [How does work move between departments without chasing people?](#how-does-work-move-between-departments-without-chasing-people) 6. [What did each boiler actually cost, and what did we make on it?](#what-did-each-boiler-actually-cost-and-what-did-we-make-on-it) 7. [What can the owner see across all orders?](#what-can-the-owner-see-across-all-orders) 8. [Which installed boilers are due for service, and are contracts being renewed?](#which-installed-boilers-are-due-for-service-and-are-contracts-being-renewed) 9. [What happens to plate offcuts?](#what-happens-to-plate-offcuts) 10. [Can GST, TDS and accounts live in the same system?](#can-gst-tds-and-accounts-live-in-the-same-system) 11. [What does the customer see?](#what-does-the-customer-see) 12. [Can it stop drawings leaving the office on a USB drive?](#can-it-stop-drawings-leaving-the-office-on-a-usb-drive) 13. [What modules does a boiler manufacturer's ERP need?](#what-modules-does-a-boiler-manufacturer-s-erp-need) 14. [Can existing Excel records come across?](#can-existing-excel-records-come-across) 15. [Should a boiler maker buy an engineering ERP package or build custom?](#should-a-boiler-maker-buy-an-engineering-erp-package-or-build-custom) 16. [What should a boiler maker ask any software vendor?](#what-should-a-boiler-maker-ask-any-software-vendor) 17. [IBR terms, in one place](#ibr-terms-in-one-place) 18. [Boundary](#boundary) ## Can I try it before talking to anyone? Yes. A live demo runs at [boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) with a made-up company, Acme Boilers, and sample orders already moving through design, procurement, stores, production, QC and dispatch. Leave a name and email, pick a department head to log in as, and use the real screens: open a project, raise a purchase request, download a purchase order or packing list PDF. Emails and WhatsApp are switched off, and the data resets every night, so nothing you do there reaches anyone. ## What does a boiler manufacturer need that a generic ERP doesn't give? Four things generic ERPs treat as edge cases are the core of this business. Every boiler is its own project, with its own bill of materials and a chain of milestones across design, procurement, stores, production, QC, dispatch and commissioning. Every plate and tube has to trace back to the [material test certificate](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate) it arrived with. Every unit ships with statutory paperwork for the Directorate of Boilers under the Indian Boiler Regulations. And steel plate is bought in standard sizes and cut, so stock is pieces with dimensions, not a count. The system Ahrom Labs built for [a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) is designed around those four facts rather than bolted onto a generic stock-and-invoice model. ## Can the IBR statutory folder come out of the system instead of being typed? Yes, in a few minutes instead of typing it up by hand. The folder — covering letter, Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950 numbering (Form I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B under [IBR 2026](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms)) — comes out of the system, with the form set chosen by boiler model and every part linked to its material test certificate from the bank. A person adds the parts to the folder in a few minutes per boiler; the bill of materials kept for buying and production doesn't fill the forms reliably on its own. Certificate PDFs are read by AI on upload, and matching a certificate to the part it covers is suggested by confidence but always confirmed by a person, because it ends up in paperwork an inspector relies on. The details are in [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom). ## How is material traced from test certificate to finished boiler? Each test certificate is identified by certificate, cast and plate number together — one certificate number covered four casts in the client's own sample — and one certificate is typically used across several boilers. When a plate is cut, every used piece, remnant and scrap piece is chained to the plate it came from. QC records heat and lot numbers, non-conformance reports with a disposition and a verification step before closing, and hold points that stop a job until inspection clears it. The heat number and certificate are captured once, when a plate is received, and every piece cut from it inherits them automatically — nobody re-types them at the cutting table. A non-conformance can be dispositioned as rework, repair, scrap or use-as-is: rework and repair open a new job card that carries the lineage of the original, and scrap or use-as-is can't be saved without a written justification. Hold points come from the work order's own route — a step marked as a quality checkpoint holds the job until QC releases it — so there is no separate inspection plan to keep in step with production. ## How does work move between departments without chasing people? Each project's milestones declare what they depend on, and the system shows what each one is waiting for, computed fresh every time the page is opened. Procurement runs as a visible pipeline — requests, sourcing, supplier selection, purchase order issued, closed — with new-item requests from engineering accepted into procurement rather than appearing unannounced. On the shop floor, work orders and job cards carry production; engineering has its own calculation sheets linked to the drawings they substantiate. ## What did each boiler actually cost, and what did we make on it? Once a sale order has its project, the system shows its actual cost against its selling price. Material cost is the sum of purchase orders actually issued against that project — drafts and cancelled orders don't count as spend. Labour cost is the time logged on the project's job cards multiplied by each employee's cost rate. Margin is the sale order value minus both. When nothing has been bought or logged yet, material and labour show as empty rather than as an estimate. Work orders carry a planned cost as well as an actual one: planned material from the quantities and unit costs on the work order, planned labour from each route step's planned minutes and the workstation's machine-hour rate. The gap between the two is the Production Cost Variance report. For management, Project Profitability and Customer Profitability run the same costing across every order in a period, so there is one calculation of margin, not three that disagree. Costing is only as complete as its inputs. Purchase orders and job-card time are counted; outside job work is listed but not priced, overheads aren't allocated yet, and a margin is only real once purchasing and time logging are actually happening in the system. ## What can the owner see across all orders? Each department has its own reports, and the management reports reuse those numbers rather than recalculating them: - **Project and customer profitability** — material and labour against selling value, per order and per customer. - **Manufacturing performance** — work-order throughput, rejection rate, material yield and cost variance. - **Procurement spend** — by supplier, with a six-month spend trend and each supplier's win rate on quotes. - **Working capital** — cash plus receivables plus inventory, minus payables. - **Production** — work order register, rework and rejection, material and labour utilisation, and material shortage against open work orders. - **Sales** — leads, conversion rate and follow-up completion per salesperson. The management reports export to PDF from the same computation the screen shows. Machine downtime and OEE are deliberately left out: no machine data is collected, so there would be nothing honest to report. ## Which installed boilers are due for service, and are contracts being renewed? After commissioning, each boiler stays in the system as the equipment its service calls and contracts attach to. A service call carries a priority and a response time in hours, and moves from open to assigned, in progress, resolved and closed; the resolved and closed times are stamped by the system at the moment the status changes, so response times can't be edited after the fact. Every site visit is logged against its call. A service contract records its coverage window, visit frequency and what is covered. Renewing one creates a new contract linked to the old one rather than overwriting it, so the history of what was covered, and when, survives. Four reports come off that data: commissioning progress and delay reasons; service calls by priority with response-time compliance; each technician's calls and average resolution time; and active contracts, contracts expiring in the next 30 days, and the renewal rate. ## What happens to plate offcuts? They go back into stock as real pieces with dimensions, and every weight is derived from geometry rather than typed. In a live test, a 157.00 kg plate became 127.17 kg of parts, a 15.70 kg remnant returned to stock, and 14.13 kg of scrap — summing exactly to the source. When a BOM is released, a fitting remnant is reserved before anything is bought. See [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock). ## Can GST, TDS and accounts live in the same system? They do here. The system is the book of record — ledger, GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B, input-tax-credit reconciliation, TDS, reverse charge, fixed assets, bank reconciliation, a books lock and an audit log — with Tally available as an optional sync target. The original plan left regulated accounting to a separate ERP package; in August 2026 that was reversed, and the operations system became the book of record. See [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp). GST, TDS, income-tax, professional-tax and PF/ESI rates aren't typed in per company: the system pulls them daily from a central registry where each change is checked against the actual notification and approved by a person before it goes live — see [Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems). The government's GSTR-2B is imported from the portal's download, with each line's accept or reject status recorded. For dispatch, an e-way bill client that talks directly to the government's NIC system is built to the official specification and goes live once the company's NIC account is set up. ## What does the customer see? A read-only portal: each order as a stepper from order received to commissioning, with overall progress, estimated dispatch, and the QC certificates and packing lists filed under the stage they belong to. A customer only ever sees their own orders. ## Can it stop drawings leaving the office on a USB drive? The same system runs a device-control layer on office PCs. USB drives, CDs and DVDs, phones and chosen websites are blocked by default; an employee's attempt to use one files a request, a manager approves it with a one-time code, and access opens for a time-boxed window — 15 minutes by default. Every step is audited. ## What modules does a boiler manufacturer's ERP need? One per department, sharing the same records rather than handing spreadsheets between them. In the system built for that manufacturer: - **Sales and CRM** — leads, quotations, sale orders and a payment tracker with stages per order. - **Engineering** — a multi-level bill of materials with where-used and common/uncommon views, engineering change notes, reusable structure templates, drawings approved by role, and calculation sheets linked to the drawings they substantiate. - **Procurement** — requests from engineering accepted into a sourcing pipeline, supplier quotes compared side by side, purchase orders with delivery lots, and purchase returns. - **Stores** — delivery-by-delivery receiving, piece-level plate and section stock with remnants, material indents and gate passes. - **Production** — work orders above job cards, routed per unit when one order covers several boilers. - **Quality** — incoming, finished-goods, sub-assembly and job-work inspection, instrument calibration, non-conformance reports with disposition, hold points, and the test-certificate bank behind the IBR folder. - **Dispatch** — packing lists that need both QC and Production sign-off, freight cost and e-way bill details captured against the invoice. - **Accounts** — ledger, GST returns, TDS, reverse charge, fixed assets and bank reconciliation, with 23 reports. - **Installation** — service calls with priorities and response times, service contracts, and service reports. ## Can existing Excel records come across? Yes, and they were. Bills of materials are imported from the plant's own spreadsheets into the BOM tree, with each line categorised automatically — and when a person corrects a misspelled item once, the import remembers it. Five years of order and payment history came across from the existing Excel tracker and were checked field by field against the sheet, with zero mismatches, before anyone relied on them. ## Should a boiler maker buy an engineering ERP package or build custom? Engineering ERP packages exist with hundreds of installations, and if one fits your processes with little customisation, it will be cheaper and faster. The system was scoped against one such package's feature list, item by item — then built custom, because the parts that matter most here (the IBR folder built from a bank of test certificates, piece-level plate traceability, a customer portal filed by boiler stage) aren't what packages are built around. The trade-offs in general are in [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp). ## What should a boiler maker ask any software vendor? Whoever builds or sells it, these five questions separate a system that fits from one that gets worked around: 1. **Where does money leak today?** Late quotations, cost overruns, slow collections or unbilled service work — the system should be designed around the biggest one first. 2. **Can it show the real cost of one boiler?** Material and labour against selling price, per order, from the purchase orders and job cards themselves — not from a spreadsheet kept on the side. 3. **Can it produce the statutory and quality paperwork from its own records?** The IBR forms, test certificates, inspection results and non-conformances, traced to the parts they cover. 4. **What happens after dispatch?** Service calls, visits and contracts against the specific boiler, with renewals that keep their history. 5. **Who owns the system and the data?** The code, the server and the records — and what it takes to change something next year. Our answer is in [Working with Ahrom Labs](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement). ## IBR terms, in one place The Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 renumbered the folder's forms on 1 October 2026\. The client's folders were filed under the IBR 1950 names, given in brackets; every form and its old name is on [the IBR 2026 forms list](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms). - **[Form I Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-i-part-b) (was Form II(1))** — the inspection certificate: inspecting authority, pressures, hydraulic test pressure and date, drawing numbers and signatories. - **[Form IV Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-a) (was Form III)** — the boiler's description: dimensions, pressures, heating surface, evaporation, parts manufactured, construction and seams. - **[Form IV Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-iv-part-b) (was Form III-A)** — the certificate for pipes; in the client's folders, a material table for one named part such as the feed pipeline, with steel-making process and heat treatment. - **[Form V Part B](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-b) (was Form IV-A)** — the extract of every material test certificate used in the boiler, grouped into lettered sections. - **[Form XXII](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-xxii) (was Form XVII)** — the certificate of manufacture and test for a small industrial boiler. - **Material test certificate (MTC)** — the mill's certificate for a plate, tube or forging, identified here by certificate, cast and plate number together. - **Hold point** — a stage production can't pass until QC clears it. - **NCR** — a non-conformance report, closed only after a disposition and a separate QC verification. ## Boundary Nesting — planning the layout of several parts on one plate — is not part of the system. E-invoicing is researched and deferred. Quotations are priced from default and customer price lists; there is no configurator that builds a price from a boiler's specification, and a pre-sale cost estimate was deliberately left out, because nothing real exists to cost before an order becomes a project. Welding is tracked as a job-card operation, not joint by joint — there is no weld map, WPS or welder-qualification record, or NDT result linked to a joint yet. Remote monitoring of installed boilers (sensors, IoT, SCADA) is not part of this system. The generated IBR forms have been checked against the client's real filed documents; the remaining gaps are formatting, and are being closed form by form. Writing down what a system must do before you buy one? [The ERP requirements for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/small-manufacturers), each with the test to ask any vendor for. Thinking of an AI assistant on top? [What it should answer for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers), and how to check it doesn't invent numbers. See it with a sample company before you talk to anyone. [Try the live demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. The engineering notes - [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) - [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) - [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) - [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) - [Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems) - [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) - [Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/suppliers-quote-on-a-link) - [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) Services - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) - [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) Built for - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) Decisions behind it - [Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) - [Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system) - [Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only) - [Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) - [Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/auto-match-only-when-mutually-unique) - [One computed result, several renderers — never recalculate a report per format](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-once-render-many) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Software for electronics-component importers and traders" url: https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading description: "Reel-level stock, QR labels, PO-checked dispatch and TallyPrime posting of import bills for electronics-component traders — built for LS Technologies." --- [Industries](https://ahromlabs.com/industries) · Electronics-component importers, traders and distributors # Software for electronics-component importers and traders Ahrom Labs built LS Technologies' ERP and CRM with TallyPrime automation, AI extraction of purchase and import paperwork, and a reel-level inventory system for PCB components with QR labels, dispatch checked against the customer's purchase order, and stock across two stores. Approved invoices post into Tally within 30 seconds, and five document types — bills of entry included — are extracted at 88–95% zero-correction, each approved by a person. [Try the live demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sample company. Free. Resets every night. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 - **Approved invoice to Tally voucher:** within 30 seconds - **Document types extracted by AI:** 5, including bills of entry - **Zero-correction rate:** 88–95% depending on document type - **Documents posted without a person's approval:** None How an order moves through the system 1. **Documents arrive**: Purchase orders, purchase and freight invoices, bills of entry and bank statements, as PDFs. 2. **AI extraction**: Each document type read by its own prompt, straight from the PDF; long bank statements in chunks. 3. **Human review**: Every extraction approved by a person; ledger names checked against a snapshot of Tally's own. 4. **Posted to Tally**: A local agent on the Tally PC posts approved vouchers within 30 seconds. 5. **Synced back**: Voucher status and outstanding bills every 15 minutes; ledgers, stock items and voucher types nightly. 6. **Reconciled**: What the app posted is checked against what Tally holds; a voucher deleted in Tally is flagged again. 7. **Held, not lost**: Tally offline means retry on the next cycle; a real rejection is held with its reason for a person. 8. **Reels in, labelled**: Reels received into boxes at the item's standard pack quantity, each with its own QR label. 9. **Dispatch checked**: Reels scanned into a shipment and compared with the customer's purchase order before it can go. On this page 1. [Can I try it before talking to anyone?](#can-i-try-it-before-talking-to-anyone) 2. [Why does an import-trading business end up typing the same invoice twice?](#why-does-an-import-trading-business-end-up-typing-the-same-invoice-twice) 3. [Can a cloud app post directly into TallyPrime?](#can-a-cloud-app-post-directly-into-tallyprime) 4. [How accurate is AI extraction on import documents?](#how-accurate-is-ai-extraction-on-import-documents) 5. [What happens when Tally rejects a voucher?](#what-happens-when-tally-rejects-a-voucher) 6. [How are import duty, IGST and clearing charges booked?](#how-are-import-duty-igst-and-clearing-charges-booked) 7. [How is every reel labelled and found again?](#how-is-every-reel-labelled-and-found-again) 8. [Can a shipment be checked against the customer's purchase order before it leaves?](#can-a-shipment-be-checked-against-the-customer-s-purchase-order-before-it-leaves) 9. [How is stock kept straight across two stores?](#how-is-stock-kept-straight-across-two-stores) 10. [Who approves stock movements?](#who-approves-stock-movements) 11. [What can the owner see?](#what-can-the-owner-see) 12. [What should a component trader ask before choosing inventory software?](#what-should-a-component-trader-ask-before-choosing-inventory-software) 13. [Boundary](#boundary) ## Can I try it before talking to anyone? Yes. A live demo of the inventory and CRM side runs at [electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) with a made-up trader, Acme Components: reels with QR labels in a main store and a partner store, customer purchase orders, dispatches and approvals waiting. Leave a name and email, pick a login (owner, manager, store staff, partner store or customer) and use the real screens. Uploads are switched off there, the assistant Ohm AI takes two questions per visitor, and the data resets every night, so nothing you do reaches anyone. ## Why does an import-trading business end up typing the same invoice twice? Because operations and accounts live in different places. Purchase orders, supplier invoices, freight bills and customs paperwork arrive as PDFs; the team reads them, works in spreadsheets or a web app, and then someone types the same figures into TallyPrime. [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies), an electronics-components import and export business, had exactly that shape. The system Ahrom Labs built reads the documents, keeps the operational record, and posts the accounting entry into Tally itself. ## Can a cloud app post directly into TallyPrime? Not directly — TallyPrime's integration gateway only listens on the machine that runs Tally. A small agent on that PC bridges the two: it picks up approved invoices every 30 seconds and posts them as vouchers, syncs voucher status and outstanding bills back every 15 minutes, and refreshes ledgers, stock items and voucher types nightly. A ledger that doesn't exist yet in Tally is flagged for a person, never created by the software. See [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting); the protocol code is open-sourced as [tally-voucher-xml](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml). The agent is one of four ways Ahrom Labs connects to Tally — alongside an MCP server and a CSV or JSON file route — compared in [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways). ## How accurate is AI extraction on import documents? Measured on real usage, the share of documents needing no correction is 95% for purchase orders, 94% for purchase invoices, 91% for freight invoices, 89% for bank statements and 88% for bills of entry. Those are lower than the 95–99% many invoice-automation tools advertise — but a 2026 benchmark review found those claims are measured under vendor-chosen conditions, with no independent benchmark ([Parseur](https://parseur.com/blog/ai-invoice-processing-benchmarks)). These are per-document-type numbers from a live system, and every document still waits for a person's approval before anything reaches the books. See [AI extraction with a human in the loop](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop). ## What happens when Tally rejects a voucher? The failure is classified before anything else happens. If Tally is simply offline, the voucher stays queued and posts on the next 30-second cycle, with no restart. If Tally rejects it — a missing ledger, a duplicate — it's held with the exact reason attached until a person fixes it. After every sync, the system checks what Tally actually holds; a voucher deleted inside Tally is marked unconfirmed again. ## How are import duty, IGST and clearing charges booked? Each line of a bill of entry — basic customs duty, IGST paid on import, freight and insurance — is extracted as its own line and posted to its own ledger, so IGST paid at customs never mixes with IGST on domestic purchases. Clearing and forwarding charges are routed to named ledgers by what they are — CFS, delivery order, handling, THS, IGM, agency, warehousing and more — and anything the rules don't recognise goes to a miscellaneous ledger rather than being guessed. A freight bill books to a single freight purchase ledger with its GST. The document type itself is decided from structure: a purchase order has no invoice number or e-invoice reference, an e-invoice has an IRN, a freight bill carries airway-bill and airport details. An extracted purchase order becomes a purchase-order record rather than an accounting entry. ## How is every reel labelled and found again? Stock is modelled the way a component store holds it: items, reels, and boxes of reels. Receiving an item creates its reels at the item's standard pack quantity and spreads them across boxes, each reel and box with its own number and a printed QR label — reel labels carry the item, quantity and batch; box labels list the reels inside. Reel and box numbers re-derive their counter from the data before each allocation, so a manual edit can never cause two reels to share a number. Finding a reel later is one search box across reel number, item, box, customer and invoice, with each reel's full dispatch history, and the result exports to CSV exactly as filtered on screen. ## Can a shipment be checked against the customer's purchase order before it leaves? Yes — that is how dispatch works. Reels are scanned into a shipment with a phone camera or a scanner; scanning a box adds only the reels in it that can actually ship and lists the rest with the reason, and scanning a reel twice is refused with an error sound. A reel ships whole or in part: a partial dispatch reduces the reel's quantity and leaves it in stock. When the customer's purchase order is picked, the shipment is compared with it line by line — an item missing, short, over, or not on the order at all — and it can't be submitted until the two agree. The packing list is generated from the same shipment, grouped by item with each item's standard pack quantity, and can be reprinted later by customer and invoice. ## How is stock kept straight across two stores? Every reel belongs to a store, and stock moves between stores by transfer — a single reel, or a whole box. A whole-box transfer moves every reel in it or none of them. A reel can also move on its own, so reels from one box can legitimately sit in two stores; each reel's move is logged separately, so undoing a transfer reverts exactly that reel and nothing else. Two people moving the same reel at the same moment can't both succeed — verified by forcing exactly that race. Staff at the second store are locked to it on the server, and each day their manager signs off the previous day's dispatch summary before anyone there can record new movements. A dispatch always records the store the reel is actually in, never the store picked on screen — a rule added after a mislabelled dispatch showed that the two could disagree. ## Who approves stock movements? Staff record receipts, dispatches and transfers; managers' actions go through immediately, and staff actions wait for approval. A manager can approve, reject with a reason, or correct and approve in one step. The queued request is replayed through exactly the same code path as an immediate one, so an approved action can't behave differently from a direct one. ## What can the owner see? - **Stock summary** per item, as of today or any past date, per store or across both. - **Analytics** — monthly receipts and dispatches, ageing of stock in hand and of dispatched reels, item velocity, top customers and an inventory timeline. - **Dead and low stock** — an item only appears for a store when it has live stock there, so an empty store doesn't flag the whole catalogue as low. - **Daily report**, on screen and as a PDF — the day's receipts and dispatches by item, transfers, dead and low stock, and pending approvals. A customer can be given a read-only stock view. That account is limited at the server to the stock summary: every other endpoint in the system — about 60 — was tested against it and refused. ## What should a component trader ask before choosing inventory software? 1. **Does it track reels, or only item totals?** Partial reels, boxes and labels are where component stock actually goes wrong. 2. **Is dispatch checked against the customer's purchase order** before the shipment leaves, not after the complaint? 3. **What happens to import paperwork?** Bills of entry, freight and clearing bills should reach the books without being typed twice — and with duty and import IGST on the right ledgers. 4. **How does it work with Tally?** Replace it, sync with it, or post into it — and what happens when Tally rejects an entry. 5. **Who can see and change what?** Staff, managers, a second store, a customer — each enforced by the server, not just hidden on screen. ## Boundary The Tally link depends on the office PC running Tally being switched on; if it's off, nothing posts until it's back, and the queue resumes on its own. This is not a cloud-to-cloud integration, because Tally doesn't offer one. The inventory identifies an item by its code and description; manufacturer part numbers, alternates and date codes aren't separate fields, and a batch is a free-text label printed on the reel. Moisture-sensitivity (MSL) floor life isn't tracked, and stock is located by store, not by bin. Customs duty and freight are booked to their own ledgers rather than spread into each item's landed cost. Writing down what a system must do before you buy one? [The ERP requirements for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/trading-distribution), each with the test to ask any vendor for. Thinking of an AI assistant on top? [What it should answer for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution), and how to check it doesn't invent numbers. See it with a sample company before you talk to anyone. [Try the live demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. The engineering notes - [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) - [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) - [AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop) - [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) - [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) - [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) - [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) Services - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) - [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) Decisions behind it - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) - [After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) - [Queue the original request, replay it through the same handler on approval](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/replay-queued-payload-through-existing-handler) - [Re-derive a sequence counter from the data itself before trusting it](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/self-healing-sequence-counters) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops" url: https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture description: "One system for an interior design studio and its furniture workshop: BOQ quotations, projects, site visits, wages, vendors, freight and a shared GST book." --- [Industries](https://ahromlabs.com/industries) · Interior design firms, design-and-build studios and furniture manufacturers # Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops Ahrom Labs built the backend Savistar (interior design) and Saag (furniture manufacturing) run on: clients and quotations built from a BOQ, projects and site visits, workshop orders, workers, vendors and freight, and one finance ledger for two sister companies. Each invoice carries the right company's GSTIN, and staff see only their own cash entries, enforced at the server. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sample company. Free. Resets every night. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 24, 2026 - **Companies on one book:** 2 sister concerns, one client list - **Staff view of the cash ledger:** Own entries only - **Staff access to bank data:** None, refused at the server - **Vendor and freight charges:** Checked against reference rates; deviations flagged How an order moves through the system 1. **Client and job**: One shared client list; a design job under Projects, a furniture order under Orders. 2. **Site visits and people**: Site visits, workers, vendors and freight recorded against the job they belong to. 3. **Workshop day**: Attendance and each worker's work on each order logged daily; wages computed from it. 4. **Charges checked**: Every vendor and freight charge compared with a reference rate; deviations flagged. 5. **Invoices**: Each invoice carries its own company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN. 6. **Cash and bank**: Staff record cash and see only their own entries; bank data is owners-only, refused at the server. 7. **Balances**: Outstanding amounts and advances computed from the transactions, never kept as a running total. On this page 1. [Can I try it before talking to anyone?](#can-i-try-it-before-talking-to-anyone) 2. [Why do design firms outgrow spreadsheets and chat?](#why-do-design-firms-outgrow-spreadsheets-and-chat) 3. [Can a design studio and its furniture workshop share one system?](#can-a-design-studio-and-its-furniture-workshop-share-one-system) 4. [How is a design project tracked from brief to handover?](#how-is-a-design-project-tracked-from-brief-to-handover) 5. [Can a quotation start from a BOQ?](#can-a-quotation-start-from-a-boq) 6. [How does the workshop know who made what?](#how-does-the-workshop-know-who-made-what) 7. [How are daily-wage and salaried workers paid?](#how-are-daily-wage-and-salaried-workers-paid) 8. [How do you stop staff seeing the whole cash book?](#how-do-you-stop-staff-seeing-the-whole-cash-book) 9. [How are vendor and freight overcharges caught?](#how-are-vendor-and-freight-overcharges-caught) 10. [How are partial deliveries and advances tracked?](#how-are-partial-deliveries-and-advances-tracked) 11. [Can bank statements and bills come in without retyping?](#can-bank-statements-and-bills-come-in-without-retyping) 12. [What should a design studio ask before choosing software?](#what-should-a-design-studio-ask-before-choosing-software) 13. [What did the owners say?](#what-did-the-owners-say) 14. [Boundary](#boundary) ## Can I try it before talking to anyone? Yes. A live demo runs at [interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) with two made-up sister companies, Acme Interiors and Acme Furniture: projects on site with milestones and site visits, workshop orders with three weeks of worksheet history, vendor POs with deliveries, freight checked against a rate card, GST invoices and a shared cash book. Leave a name and email, pick a login (owner, manager or office staff) and use the real screens. File uploads are switched off there, and the data resets every night, so nothing you do reaches anyone. ## Why do design firms outgrow spreadsheets and chat? A design-and-build job touches clients, site visits, vendors, labour, freight and payments at once, usually spread across a spreadsheet per project and a chat group per site. The owners know how it all connects; nobody else does. [Savistar and Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) — an interior design firm and a furniture workshop under the same owners — moved all of it into one system: workers, clients, vendors and freight, projects and site visits on the design side, workshop orders on the furniture side. ## Can a design studio and its furniture workshop share one system? Yes, and without the weight of a multi-company ERP. Both businesses share one client list and one combined ledger; a design job lives under Projects and a furniture order under Orders, and each invoice carries its own company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN when the PDF is generated. It's a single app modeling two business lines — a sister-concern arrangement, in Indian accounting terms — which is exactly as much structure as the business needs. See [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book). ## How is a design project tracked from brief to handover? Each project has a checklist of milestones with due dates, a log of site visits — who went, when, and what they found — and the workshop orders and vendor purchase orders that belong to it, on one page. Every conversation with a client is logged against the client and, when it's about a specific job, pinned to that project, so the history of a decision isn't buried in someone's chat. The home screen is a month calendar of what's due across both businesses: tasks, project milestones, site visits and workshop delivery dates, with the weather forecast alongside for planning site work, and today's and overdue tasks beside it. Owners assign tasks to anyone; staff see their own and can only create tasks for themselves. ## Can a quotation start from a BOQ? Yes, since October 2026\. Each studio keeps its own BOQ library, started from our [interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items) and reworded to its own wording. A quotation is built room by room from it, with quantities worked out from site dimensions and each line checked for a missing board grade, thickness, finish or [measurement basis](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules). Payment stages printed on the quote become draft invoices once the client accepts. It hasn't been used on a real project yet; the free [BOQ checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) shows the same checks without an account. ## How does the workshop know who made what? A workshop order can come from a design project or straight from a walk-in client, and moves from pending to in progress, done and delivered. The daily worksheet records each worker's attendance — present, half day or absent, with in and out times — and what they worked on: which order, which part, from when to when, with a rating. Each order's work history then shows who worked on which part, and when. ## How are daily-wage and salaried workers paid? Each worker is paid either a monthly salary or a daily wage. Advances and expenses are recorded as they happen, and the month's payroll is computed rather than worked out on paper: a daily-wage worker's days present — a half day counting as half — times their rate, or a salaried worker's monthly salary, minus that month's advances. Each payout is recorded for its period with the gross, the deductions and the net, so the figure paid and how it was reached stay together. ## How do you stop staff seeing the whole cash book? By filtering at the point the data is fetched, not by hiding buttons. Staff log day-to-day cash, but their view of the cash ledger contains only the entries they created. Bank data isn't scoped for staff at all — every request for it from a staff account is refused before any query runs. Owners see everything. ## How are vendor and freight overcharges caught? Every incoming charge is compared against a known reference rate, and anything that deviates is flagged automatically — instead of trusting every bill or asking someone to audit each line by hand. For freight, the reference is a rate card per transporter and per route — from one location to another, the amount expected — so a trip billed above its route's rate is flagged the moment it's entered, and each vendor shows its count of overcharges. It catches overcharges as long as the reference rates are kept current. ## How are partial deliveries and advances tracked? A material order placed with a vendor is linked to the project or workshop order it's for, and every delivery and return against it is recorded as it happens. The order shows as open, complete, partially returned or fully returned, and what's still to arrive is computed from those deliveries. Outstanding amounts — a partial delivery, an advance against pay — are computed from the underlying transactions every time they're shown, rather than kept as a running total that can drift from the records that produced it. ## Can bank statements and bills come in without retyping? A bank statement is uploaded as a PDF, its transactions are read by AI, and an owner or manager reviews them line by line, adding a note or attaching the receipt behind any entry. Cash entries carry their attachments too. Invoices are raised per client, optionally against a project, with HSN codes and a GST rate per line; the CGST and SGST totals are computed from the lines every time rather than stored, and each invoice moves from draft to sent to paid. Nothing is ever hard-deleted: a removed record stops showing but stays in the database, and deleting at all needs an owner, admin or manager. ## What should a design studio ask before choosing software? 1. **Does it hold the design side and the workshop side together** — projects, site visits, workshop orders and vendors — or only one of them? 2. **Can it pay daily-wage workers** from real attendance, with advances deducted, not from a separate notebook? 3. **Does it check vendor and freight bills** against what they should cost, or just record them? 4. **If you run two companies, does each invoice carry the right company's name and GSTIN** from one system? 5. **Who can see the money?** Staff logging petty cash shouldn't see the bank account — enforced by the server, not by hiding a menu. ## What did the owners say? > "They really took the time to understand our concerns and requirements, and the system was built the way we had envisioned it. It has brought much more structure, visibility, and control to the way we operate." > > — Sachi & Haripriya, owners of Savistar and Saag ## Boundary This is one shared app for two related businesses, not a multi-tenant platform: adding an unrelated third company would mean a different design, not a new setting. Quotations were added in October 2026 and haven't been used on a real project yet: the studio's own BOQ library (started from our [interior BOQ item library](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/items)), quantities from site dimensions, and payment stages that become draft invoices once a quote is accepted. Quotes and invoices charge CGST and SGST, or IGST when the site is in another state. There is no 3D design or mood boards, and no client portal — clients are served by the team, not by a login. The free [interior BOQ checker](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) on this site runs the same line checks without an account. Writing down what a system must do before you buy one? [The ERP requirements for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/interior-design-firms), each with the test to ask any vendor for. Thinking of an AI assistant on top? [What it should answer for this kind of business](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms), and how to check it doesn't invent numbers. See it with a sample company before you talk to anyone. [Try the live demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Free. Resets every night. The engineering notes - [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) - [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) - [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) Services - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) - [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) Built for - [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) Decisions behind it - [Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) - [Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reference-rate-anomaly-detection) - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) - [Optional integrations should degrade the specific feature, not the app](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/graceful-degradation-by-env-var) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Engineering notes | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes description: "Engineering notes from real client work — what we built, why, and what it actually does in production." --- # Engineering notes Engineering notes from real client work: what we built, why, and what it actually does in production. ## [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) The assistants Ahrom Labs builds into client systems don't let a language model write the answer's numbers. A small decision model only chooses what kind of question it is, which look-up to run and for what period; ordinary code runs a fixed query using the same maths as the app's own screens. At Savistar and Saag it routed 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real phrasings correctly, including Hinglish. October 20, 2026 ## [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, each customer gets a login that shows their orders as nine plain-language stages, from Order Received to Commissioning, worked out from the same records each department already keeps. Customers approve drawings, upload their own, download QC certificates, packing lists and invoices, and request quotes, without phoning anyone to ask. October 20, 2026 ## [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) For LS Technologies, an electronic components trader, Ahrom Labs built an inventory system where every reel and box carries a QR label, stock moves by scanning from a phone, and staff entries wait for a manager's approval. Stock is held in two stores, the second at a partner's site, and whole reels are reserved against each customer order line before they ship. 5,256 live reels moved to the two-store model with none lost. October 20, 2026 ## [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, sales history lived in an old CRM and an Excel tracker. Moving it in recovered all 20,167 diary rows, including 154 that a broken export had shifted, imported 2,221 quotations that matched exactly one customer and 1,006 orders with 1,905 payments, and held 303 doubtful quotations for a person instead of guessing. October 20, 2026 ## [Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/suppliers-quote-on-a-link) At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, each supplier gets one private link per request for quotation, sent on WhatsApp or email. They enter their rates there with no account to create, see whether they were chosen, then download the PO and record each dispatch with its LR number and photos. Stores sees the goods as on the way before the truck arrives. October 20, 2026 ## [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) A boiler manufacturer's operations system is also its book of record: chart of accounts, journal posting, GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, ITC reconciliation, TDS, reverse charge, fixed assets and bank reconciliation, with 23 reports and documents generated from the same data. Tally is an optional sync target, not the books. Statutory rates arrive daily from a human-verified registry. September 24, 2026 ## [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) TallyPrime has no cloud API — its integration gateway only listens on the PC that runs it — so every connection is a bridge on that machine. Ahrom Labs has built four: a local agent that posts approved entries from a cloud database; the same agent hardened for offices whose internet drops; an MCP server that gives applications and AI agents one set of Tally tools; and a CSV or JSON export and import for when nothing can be installed. September 24, 2026 ## [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) A boiler manufacturer ships every boiler with an IBR statutory folder for the Directorate of Boilers. The system produces it — cover letter, Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A (under IBR 2026: Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B) — from a bank of material test certificates, each unique on cert, cast and plate number and reused across about 3.2 boilers in the sample. The form set follows the boiler model; a person adds the parts, so a folder takes a few minutes instead of being typed up by hand. September 24, 2026 ## [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) You've outgrown Tally when the work happens outside it: invoices typed twice, a parallel Excel for production, sales asking accounts for outstanding balances, stock Tally can't describe. Replacing Tally is rarely the fix — in one system we built, Tally stays as the books and approved invoices post into it within 30 seconds. September 24, 2026 ## [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, every cut of a plate or section records what was used and what usable remnant was kept; the system derives every weight from dimensions and density, returns the remnant to stock for a later project, and books the rest as scrap. A 157.00 kg plate became 127.17 kg used, 15.70 kg remnant and 14.13 kg scrap — conserved exactly. September 24, 2026 ## [Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems) Ahrom Labs keeps statutory rates — GST by HSN code, vendor TDS, income-tax and professional-tax slabs, PF and ESI — in one registry built to serve every system it builds, with a boiler manufacturer's system the first connected. A person checks each change against the actual CBIC or CBDT notification, a change goes live only once approved, installs pull approved rates daily, and a wrong rate is retracted rather than edited. September 24, 2026 ## [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) Stay on TallyPrime if the need is accounting with simple stock. Choose ERPNext or Odoo when your processes match what they ship. Build custom when the workflow is the business — IBR paperwork, piece-level plate traceability, two companies on one book. A boiler manufacturer planned an ERPNext integration for accounting, then built its own ledger instead. September 24, 2026 ## [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) Two match-suggestion systems in the same manufacturing app score candidates identically — a Laplace-smoothed approval ratio, promoted at 75% confidence with at least 3 prior approvals. One auto-applies its top match. The other never does, no matter how confident the score, because it decides what goes on a statutory quality-control document. August 31, 2026 ## [AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop) Five document types — purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders, bank statements — get extracted by an LLM reading the PDF directly, no separate OCR step. Zero-correction rates run 88-95% depending on type, purchase orders highest, bills of entry lowest. Every extraction still goes through a human review before anything is approved or posted. August 29, 2026 ## [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) A local agent, running on the same PC as TallyPrime, polls a cloud app's database every 30 seconds and posts approved invoices into Tally's local XML gateway, syncing voucher status every 15 minutes and master data nightly. Missing ledgers and real rejections are held for a person; connection failures retry automatically until Tally is reachable again. August 29, 2026 ## [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) Savistar and Saag — sister companies, same owners — share one client list and one combined finance ledger in a single app, not a multi-tenant system. The real structure is in who can see what: staff see only their own cash entries, and bank data is rejected outright for any staff request, enforced at the API, not just hidden in the UI. August 29, 2026 --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp description: "A boiler manufacturer's operations system is also its book of record: chart of accounts, journal posting, GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, ITC reconciliation, TDS, reverse…" --- # GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional A boiler manufacturer's operations system is also its book of record: chart of accounts, journal posting, GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, ITC reconciliation, TDS, reverse charge, fixed assets and bank reconciliation, with 23 reports and documents generated from the same data. Tally is an optional sync target, not the books. Statutory rates arrive daily from a human-verified registry. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 Most Indian manufacturers run operations in one place and accounts in Tally, and spend the month reconciling the two. At a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, the original plan was the same: operations in the new system, accounting left to a separate package. That was reversed in August 2026\. Here's what the system does now, and the case for building it this way. ## Why put the ledger inside the operations system? Every accounting entry in a manufacturer starts as an operational event: a purchase order, a goods receipt, a vendor bill, a dispatch, a sales invoice. When operations and accounts live in different systems, each event is entered twice and the two copies drift. With the ledger in the same system, a vendor bill posts its own journal entry from the purchase it belongs to, and a dispatch carries its freight cost and invoice link into the books directly. Tally remains available as a sync target for the accountant who wants it — it just isn't where the truth lives. ## What compliance is covered? Per legal entity: a chart of accounts and a posting engine; sales invoices, credit notes, vendor bills and debit notes; GSTR-1 (split into B2B and HSN tables the way the GST portal expects) and GSTR-3B; input-tax-credit reconciliation; TDS deduction with a TDS register; [reverse charge](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/reverse-charge) on both the purchase and sales side; a [fixed-asset register](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-asset-register) with depreciation; payroll exported into accounting; and trial balance, profit and loss, balance sheet and cash flow. Changes are written to an audit log with a searchable viewer, and a books lock stops postings into a closed period at the one function every journal entry passes through — so no document type can slip around it. ## Where do GST and TDS rates come from? From a separate registry of Indian statutory rates — GST, TDS, PF, ESI, income-tax and professional-tax slabs — where a person enters and approves each change, and every deployment pulls approved changes on a daily schedule. Nothing scrapes government websites: no reliable official rates API exists, and a wrong compliance rate applied unattended costs more than a person checking around Budget day and GST Council meetings. ## How does bank reconciliation decide what to match? A bank statement is imported from the bank's own export, and each line is matched against unreconciled ledger entries by exact amount within three days either side. A match is applied automatically only when it's mutually unique — exactly one candidate on each side. Anything ambiguous is shown as a suggestion for a person to confirm, and a statement line with no ledger entry at all — a bank charge, interest — becomes a one-click journal entry instead of a dead end. ## How was it tested? With real transactions, not only unit tests. A reverse-charge test that posted real documents through the ledger found and fixed two posting bugs. A single order was then run through every department end to end, which found that sales invoices weren't carrying their project link — fixed before any real invoice depended on it. ## Boundary [E-invoicing](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice) has been researched and deliberately deferred. The system keeps one set of books per legal entity; consolidation across entities isn't built. - **reports and documents:** 23 — 19 catalog reports plus 4 per-record PDFs - **GST returns:** GSTR-1 (B2B and HSN, matching the GST portal's split) and GSTR-3B - **bank reconciliation auto-match:** exact amount within ±3 days, and only when the match is mutually unique - **statutory rate updates:** pulled daily from a human-approved registry; no scraping - **books lock:** enforced at the single point every journal posting passes through Related patterns - [Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/auto-match-only-when-mutually-unique) - [Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) - [One computed result, several renderers — never recalculate a report per format](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-once-render-many) - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Part of - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop description: "Five document types — purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders, bank statements — get extracted by an LLM reading the PDF…" --- # AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types Five document types — purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders, bank statements — get extracted by an LLM reading the PDF directly, no separate OCR step. Zero-correction rates run 88-95% depending on type, purchase orders highest, bills of entry lowest. Every extraction still goes through a human review before anything is approved or posted. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 · Updated September 24, 2026 ## What gets extracted LS Technologies, an electronics-components import/export trading business, runs five kinds of documents through AI extraction before anything reaches Tally: purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders, and bank statements. Each has its own prompt tailored to that document's fields — a purchase invoice and a customs bill of entry don't share a structure, and treating them as one generic "document" would lose accuracy on both. ## How it reads a PDF There's no separate OCR step. The PDF is sent straight to the model — an LLM with a file-parsing capability reads it directly, rather than running text extraction first and handing the model plain text. Bank statements get special handling: because they can run to many pages, the document is processed in chunks and the results are stitched back together and de-duplicated, rather than trying to reason over one long document in a single pass. ## How accurate it actually is Reviewed against real usage, here's the share of each document type that needs zero correction before it's approved: - Purchase order: 95% - Purchase invoice: 94% - Bank statement: 89% - Freight invoice: 91% - Bill of entry: 88% Bills of entry come in lowest — customs documentation is the least standardized of the five, which tracks with what you'd expect from the least uniform paperwork. Every number here still means a meaningful share of documents need a correction, which is exactly why extraction alone was never the plan. ## How do these numbers compare with advertised accuracy? Invoice-automation tools commonly advertise 95–99% accuracy. A 2026 benchmark review found those claims have converged in that range while being measured under conditions each vendor chooses, with no independent benchmark behind them ([Parseur](https://parseur.com/blog/ai-invoice-processing-benchmarks)). The figures above are lower, and deliberately so: they're per document type, from real usage, and they count any document a person had to correct — including customs paperwork such as bills of entry. A lower number measured honestly is more useful for planning than a higher one measured on a vendor's own samples. ## What happens to the rest Nothing gets extracted and posted in one step. Every document — regardless of how confident the extraction looked — sits in a review state until a person checks it and approves it. That's not a hedge against a bad model; it's the same decision this practice makes anywhere a model's output could turn into a financial record: draft with AI, confirm with a person, post only after that. - **purchase invoice zero-correction rate:** 94% - **freight invoice zero-correction rate:** 91% - **bill of entry zero-correction rate:** 88% - **purchase order zero-correction rate:** 95% - **bank statement zero-correction rate:** 89% Related patterns - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) Part of - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Our work for LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger description: "How the assistants in Ahrom Labs' client systems pick a fixed look-up instead of writing SQL or guessing, so every figure matches the screens." --- # An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number The assistants Ahrom Labs builds into client systems don't let a language model write the answer's numbers. A small decision model only chooses what kind of question it is, which look-up to run and for what period; ordinary code runs a fixed query using the same maths as the app's own screens. At Savistar and Saag it routed 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real phrasings correctly, including Hinglish. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 20, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 An owner wants to ask "how did this month compare with last month?" and get the real answer, not a confident paragraph that's nearly right. A chatbot that writes SQL, or reads rows and summarises them, will sooner or later give a figure that doesn't match the accounts. In a business system, one wrong number is enough for nobody to trust it again. So the assistants in Ahrom Labs' client systems are built so the model never produces the number, the same rule as [AI document reading](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop), where a person approves every document before it reaches the books. ## How does a question get answered? In two steps, and only the first uses AI. A small decision model reads the question and picks from fixed options: what kind of question it is (data, how-to, a reminder, small talk, something it can't answer), which look-up fits, which company, which period, and whether it follows on from the last question. It returns a choice, not text. Then ordinary code matches names ("the Mehtas", "Shree Plywood") to real records and runs a fixed, parameterised query. The answer is a table built with the same maths as the app's own screens, so the assistant's revenue figure and the Finance tab's figure are the same figure. At Savistar and Saag, an interior design studio and a furniture workshop sharing one system, there are 29 of these look-ups: projects due, late workshop orders, unpaid invoices, open quotations, who worked on what, vendor balances, attendance, bank balances, period comparisons and so on. Each one is listed, with the screen to check it against, in the [question library](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/interior-design-firms). ## Then where does the personality come from? From an optional sentence above the table. Savistar's assistant, Atelier AI, lets each person pick a voice: plain, studio partner, site supervisor, finance desk or a gentler guide. The written line is checked before it's shown: if it contains any number that isn't in the table, it's dropped and only the table is shown. A script runs that check on every persona. ## What happens when it can't answer? It says so. Questions about advice, or about data the system doesn't hold, get a plain "the data doesn't have that" and a few useful questions it can answer. Every miss and every thumbs-down is listed in Settings, so the next look-up to add comes from what people actually asked rather than a guess. ## Can it change anything? No. Look-ups are read-only. "Remind me to call the Mehtas on Friday" drafts a task and "note that they prefer walnut" drafts a private note, but nothing is saved until the person presses Save. Staff can only ask about their own tasks and their own cash entries; payroll and bank statements are refused to them, the same way the screens refuse them. ## Is it the same assistant everywhere? The design is the same; the assistant isn't. Each one is built on its own system's records and words. [Ohm AI](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/trading-distribution), LS Technologies' assistant, answers its own staff about reels, stores, customers and stock, with a daily question limit and a cost of about a hundredth of a rupee per question. [Ember AI](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/manufacturers), at the boiler manufacturer, starts with how-to questions from the help guide, without sending any business data out. Atelier AI, Savistar's, has the personas and notes. Each one is tested with its own question set, run through the real pipeline, before it goes live. To test any vendor's assistant the same way, there is a [question library](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions), a [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test) and a [check for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check); the design is laid out for buyers in [how it works](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works), and what it sends out in [data safety](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/data-safety). ## Boundary The decision model is a third-party model reached through OpenRouter, using the client's own key and a daily question limit. In Savistar's system, if it's unavailable a keyword router takes over: answers get less clever, but not wrong, because the numbers still come from the same look-ups. - **who writes the numbers:** code — a fixed, parameterised look-up per question type, the same maths as the app's screens - **what the model decides:** the kind of question, the look-up, the company, the period, whether it's a follow-up - **read-only look-ups (Savistar & Saag):** 29, over clients, projects, quotations, orders, vendors, people, tasks, cash, the bank and money - **routing test:** 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real-world phrasings, with typos, fragments and Hinglish - **written answers with a number not in the data:** dropped, checked by a script on every persona - **what staff can ask:** only their own tasks and their own cash entries; payroll and bank statements refused Part of - [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) - [Our work for LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) - [Our work for Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways description: "TallyPrime has no cloud API — its integration gateway only listens on the PC that runs it — so every connection is a bridge on that machine." --- # Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime TallyPrime has no cloud API — its integration gateway only listens on the PC that runs it — so every connection is a bridge on that machine. Ahrom Labs has built four: a local agent that posts approved entries from a cloud database; the same agent hardened for offices whose internet drops; an MCP server that gives applications and AI agents one set of Tally tools; and a CSV or JSON export and import for when nothing can be installed. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 ## Why can't a web app just call Tally? Because TallyPrime doesn't expose anything to the internet. Its integration surface is an XML gateway that listens on the machine where Tally runs, inside the office network. A cloud-hosted app — an ERP, a CRM, an inventory system — can't reach it directly, so something on or next to that machine has to carry entries in and bring data back out. The four approaches below are the ones Ahrom Labs has built, in the order they came about, each one answering a problem the previous one exposed. ## 1\. A local agent on the Tally PC The first connection was a small agent running on the same PC as TallyPrime. The cloud app never talks to Tally: it writes to its own online database, and the agent reads approved entries from there and posts them into Tally's gateway. At [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) it picks up approved invoices every 30 seconds, syncs voucher status and outstanding bills back every 15 minutes, and refreshes ledgers, stock items and voucher types nightly. A ledger that doesn't exist yet in Tally is flagged for a person, never created by the software. The details are in [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting), and the XML protocol code is open-sourced as [tally-voucher-xml](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml). ## 2\. The same agent, hardened for a connection that drops An agent that talks to a cloud database is only as good as the office's internet, and in practice that connection wasn't consistent. So the agent was made more robust around exactly that: every failure is classified before anything else happens. If Tally or the connection is simply unavailable, the entry stays queued and posts on a later cycle, with no restart and no person involved. If Tally actually rejects it — a missing ledger, a duplicate — it's held with the exact reason until someone fixes it. After each sync, the system checks what Tally really holds, so a voucher deleted inside Tally shows up as unconfirmed rather than silently assumed posted. ## 3\. An MCP server in front of Tally The newest connection is an MCP server that talks to Tally. MCP, the Model Context Protocol, is an open standard for exposing a system's operations as named tools that software and AI agents can call. Instead of every application learning Tally's XML on its own, each one — including an AI agent — reaches Tally through the same defined set of tools. It turns "integrate with Tally" from a per-project job into one shared piece of the accounting layer. ## 4\. CSV and JSON export and import Some situations can't run anything automatic: the Tally PC isn't always on, nothing can be installed on it yet, or the accountant wants to see and control every import. For those, the connection is a file. Entries are downloaded from the business system as CSV or JSON and brought into Tally, and data exported from Tally is uploaded back the same way. It's slower and manual, but it works everywhere and it keeps the accountant in charge of exactly what enters the books. ## Which one should a business use? - **Tally stays the books, the PC is on during working hours, and entries should flow on their own** — the local agent. - **Several applications, or AI agents, need to read from or post to Tally** — the MCP server, so they share one connection instead of each building its own. - **A first step, an occasional sync, or an accountant who wants control** — file export and import. - **Most of the accounting starts as operational events** — sometimes the better answer is to keep the books inside the operations system and make Tally optional, as [one boiler manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) did. These aren't exclusive. The file path remains the fallback whichever live connection a business uses. ## Boundary Every live connection needs the machine running Tally to be switched on; if it's off, nothing moves until it's back. File export and import is only as current as the last file. None of this is a cloud-to-cloud integration, because TallyPrime doesn't offer one. TallyPrime is a product of Tally Solutions; Ahrom Labs isn't affiliated with it. - **Ways to connect:** 4 — local agent, hardened agent, MCP server, CSV/JSON files - **Agent push cadence:** 30 seconds - **Voucher status and outstanding bills synced back:** every 15 minutes - **Missing ledgers:** flagged for a person, never auto-created Related patterns - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) - [After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) Part of - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department description: "How a manufacturer's customers follow their own order, approve drawings and download documents, from the same records the factory works in." --- # What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, each customer gets a login that shows their orders as nine plain-language stages, from Order Received to Commissioning, worked out from the same records each department already keeps. Customers approve drawings, upload their own, download QC certificates, packing lists and invoices, and request quotes, without phoning anyone to ask. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 20, 2026 A customer who has ordered a boiler waits months for it, and in that time they ring the sales engineer to ask where it is. The sales engineer rings Production, Production checks with Stores, and the answer comes back a day later, already out of date. At one boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer, the operations system Ahrom Labs built now answers that question directly, to the customer, from the same records the factory works in. ## What does the customer actually see? Each customer company gets one login, and a My Orders page with every order they have placed. Opening an order shows nine stages in the customer's language, not the factory's: Order Received, Design & Engineering, Material Procurement, Manufacturing, Quality Testing, Documentation, Packing, Site Installation and Commissioning. Each stage shows whether it's done, in progress or not started, with the overall percentage and the expected dispatch date. An "About your order" button explains each stage in plain words. Documents sit under the stage they belong to: drawings under Design & Engineering, test certificates under Quality Testing, packing lists under Packing. Invoices sit in their own Billing section, because an invoice can be raised at booking, midway or at dispatch, and pinning it to one stage would be made up. ## Where does the status come from? Nobody types a status for the customer. Each stage reads the department's own work: Manufacturing is done when the job card stages are finished, Quality Testing when QC has signed the same stages off, Documentation when every statutory document is complete and shared, Packing when the packing lists have left. If Production is behind, the portal is behind too. That's the point: the customer sees the truth, and the factory doesn't keep a second, friendlier version of it. When part of an order has shipped and the rest hasn't, the portal says so ("14 of 168 items sent") with a list the customer can download. ## What can the customer do, not just read? Drawings are shared by the Design Head one at a time, and only when they're ready. The customer approves each one, and their name and the date appear on it. When every shared drawing is approved, the Design Approval milestone completes by itself. Customers can also upload their own drawings and site layouts, so they don't arrive by email and get lost. Every document downloads as the same PDF the factory files. The nameplate on each finished unit carries a QR sticker that opens the order in the portal, so years later the documents are still one scan away. Signed-in customers can also browse the product range and request a quote, which reaches Sales as an enquiry, linked to the customer. ## What stays private? A customer only ever sees their own orders. Every page and download checks that the order belongs to that login. Nothing internal is shown: no internal costs, no notes between departments, no stock figures. Logins are created by Sales for each customer; the customer sets their own password from a one-time link, so no password is ever emailed. ## Is this only for manufacturers? The same idea runs at LS Technologies, an electronics component trader. Their customers see each line of a purchase order with its status (ordered, reserved, in procurement, dispatched) and a progress bar, without seeing stock figures, suppliers or costs. A partner store that holds LS stock buys through the same portal; [how LS tracks and reserves that stock](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) is its own note. ## Boundary The portal is read-mostly. Customers approve, upload and request quotes; they don't edit orders, prices or dates. Status emails go out through the manufacturer's own mailbox, which they switch on per customer. - **stages a customer sees:** 9 — Order Received, Design & Engineering, Material Procurement, Manufacturing, Quality Testing, Documentation, Packing, Site Installation, Commissioning - **where each stage's status comes from:** the department's own records (job card stages, QC sign-off, documents shared, packing lists dispatched), never a status someone types for the customer - **what a customer can do:** approve drawings, upload their own drawings, download QC certificates, packing lists and invoices, request a quote from the product range - **what a customer never sees:** other customers' orders, notes between departments, internal costs - **also running at:** LS Technologies — each line of a customer PO with its status and progress, no stock figures, suppliers or costs Related patterns - [Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) Part of - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Our work for LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom description: "A boiler manufacturer ships every boiler with an IBR statutory folder for the Directorate of Boilers. 2 boilers in the sample." --- # Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder A boiler manufacturer ships every boiler with an IBR statutory folder for the Directorate of Boilers. The system produces it — cover letter, Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A (under IBR 2026: Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B) — from a bank of material test certificates, each unique on cert, cast and plate number and reused across about 3.2 boilers in the sample. The form set follows the boiler model; a person adds the parts, so a folder takes a few minutes instead of being typed up by hand. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 The manufacturer this was built for makes boilers, pressure-reducing stations and steam headers. Every unit it ships needs a [statutory folder](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ibr-statutory-folder) for the Directorate of Boilers, under the Indian Boiler Regulations (IBR): the forms that prove each plate, tube and forging came from certified material. Ahrom Labs built the operations system that now keeps the certificates and produces that folder. ## What goes into the folder? The folder described here was filed under the Indian Boiler Regulations, 1950, so it uses their form names. IBR 2026 renumbered them on 1 October 2026: Form II(1) is now Form I Part B, Form III is Form IV Part A, Form III A is Form IV Part B, Form IV A is Form V Part B and Form XVII is Form XXII. See [the IBR 2026 forms list](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms). A complete folder is filed in a fixed order: a covering letter listing its contents, a documentation label, the forms, the list of mountings and fittings, a stage-wise inspection report, and copies of the [material test certificates](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate) themselves. Which forms are needed depends on the boiler model — a standard shell boiler needs Form II(1), III, III A and IV A; a small industrial boiler swaps II(1) and III for Form XVII; a pressure-reducing station or steam header needs only III and IV A. The system picks the form set from the model set on the project, not from a person remembering which applies. ## Why is a test certificate harder to key than it looks? A certificate number alone isn't unique — in the client's own sample, one certificate number covered four different casts. So each certificate in the bank is identified by certificate number, cast number and plate number together. And one certificate isn't used once: a single plate gets cut into parts for several boilers, and the sample showed each certificate reused across about 3.2 of them. Certificates and projects are therefore many-to-many — a certificate can be uploaded before any project claims it, and using it on a project's folder is what allocates it. ## Why does a person add the parts? Form IV A lists every material part with its certificate, grouped into lettered sections — A. Shell, B. Water Wall Assembly, and so on. The bill of materials a plant keeps for buying and production isn't shaped like that form, and building the form from it alone wasn't reliable enough for paperwork an inspector relies on. So a person adds the parts to the folder and picks each one's certificate from the bank; for a boiler that takes a few minutes. Anything not yet placed lands on a clearly labelled "Ungrouped Materials" page rather than disappearing. ## Where does AI help, and where does it stop? Certificate PDFs are read by AI on upload, so the certificate's fields don't have to be typed. Matching a certificate to the part it covers is suggested by a confidence score learned from past approvals — but on this document, a suggestion never links itself. A person clicks to use it, because a wrong link here ends up in paperwork a boiler inspector relies on. The [same-confidence note](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) explains why the identical score is allowed to act on its own elsewhere in the same system. ## Boundary The folder the system produces has been compared against real filed documents the client provided. That comparison found formatting gaps in individual forms — wording and field-layout differences — which are tracked and being closed form by form. Bulk import of historical certificates from spreadsheets isn't built yet; certificates are added one at a time, with AI filling the fields. - **test certificate identity:** cert no. + cast no. + plate no. together — one cert number covered 4 casts in the sample - **certificate reuse:** about 3.2 boilers per certificate in the real sample - **form set:** chosen by boiler model — 8 models, each with its own set - **adding a boiler's parts to the folder:** a few minutes, by a person; the BOM alone doesn't fill the forms reliably - **certificate-to-part linking:** suggested by confidence, never applied without a person Related patterns - [Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only) - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) Part of - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs description: "You've outgrown Tally when the work happens outside it: invoices typed twice, a parallel Excel for production, sales asking accounts for outstanding…" --- # Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one You've outgrown Tally when the work happens outside it: invoices typed twice, a parallel Excel for production, sales asking accounts for outstanding balances, stock Tally can't describe. Replacing Tally is rarely the fix — in one system we built, Tally stays as the books and approved invoices post into it within 30 seconds. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 TallyPrime is excellent at what it's for: the books. Businesses outgrow it not because it gets worse, but because more of their work happens somewhere Tally can't see. Here are the seven signs we see most — each one drawn from a business we've built for, with what fixed it. ## 1\. The same invoice is typed twice Once into a spreadsheet or web app for operations, once into Tally for accounts. At [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading), an electronics importer, approved invoices now post into Tally as vouchers within 30 seconds through a small agent on the Tally PC — no second typing. See [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting). ## 2\. Someone reads every PDF and keys it in Purchase invoices, freight bills, bills of entry, bank statements. At the same business, AI reads five document types directly from the PDF, and 88–95% need no correction depending on type — but every one is still approved by a person before it posts. See [AI extraction with a human in the loop](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop). ## 3\. Sales keeps asking accounts what a customer owes Outstanding balances live in Tally; the sales team doesn't. The fix is syncing them back: in the same system, voucher status and outstanding bills flow from Tally to the sales side every 15 minutes. ## 4\. Production runs on a parallel Excel Work orders, job cards, material issues, what's waiting on what — none of it fits vouchers. At [a boiler manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing), each boiler is a project with its own bill of materials and milestones across design, procurement, stores, production, QC and dispatch, and the system shows what each step is waiting on. ## 5\. Your stock isn't really a count Steel plate gets cut; the offcut is a specific piece, not "one more plate". Reels of components move between locations. Tally stores quantities. In the system built for that manufacturer, every plate is a piece with dimensions and every cut is recorded, so a 15.70 kg remnant goes back into stock instead of being scrapped. See [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock). ## 6\. Two companies, one owner, one office A design firm and its furniture workshop; a trading firm and its sister concern. Two sets of books, one client list, and staff who need to record cash without seeing the bank. At [Savistar and Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture), both run on one system: each invoice carries its own company's GSTIN, and staff see only their own cash entries. See [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book). ## 7\. Industry paperwork is assembled by hand A boiler's [statutory folder](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ibr-statutory-folder), a test-certificate trail, a customs file. If a person compiles it from records that already exist in your systems, it can be generated instead — as that manufacturer's IBR folder now is. See [Generating a boiler's IBR statutory folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom). ## Do you have to replace Tally? Usually not. There are two sound paths. Keep Tally as the books and connect an operations system to it, as LS Technologies did — the accountant's workflow doesn't change. Or move the books into the operations system and keep Tally as an optional sync, as the boiler manufacturer did. Which one fits depends on how much of your accounting starts as operational events. The [comparison of Tally, ERPNext, Odoo and custom](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) covers the choice in full. When it's time to write down what the next system must do, start from the [ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements), or let the [requirements builder](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/check) pick the lines that apply to your business. ## Boundary These signs come from three businesses — trading, manufacturing, interior design. If only one or two apply, a smaller fix (an integration, a report) may be enough; that's worth finding out before building anything. - **Approved invoice to Tally voucher:** within 30 seconds, through a local agent - **Outstanding balances back to the sales side:** every 15 minutes - **Import documents read by AI instead of typed:** 5 types, 88–95% needing no correction Related patterns - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) Part of - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock description: "At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, every cut of a plate or section records what was used and what usable remnant was kept; the system derives…" --- # Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, every cut of a plate or section records what was used and what usable remnant was kept; the system derives every weight from dimensions and density, returns the remnant to stock for a later project, and books the rest as scrap. A 157.00 kg plate became 127.17 kg used, 15.70 kg remnant and 14.13 kg scrap — conserved exactly. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 17, 2026 A boiler maker buys steel plate in standard sizes and cuts it to the parts a design needs. The leftover is often big enough to use on the next job — if anyone knows it exists. At one boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer, it used to be re-bought or scrapped blindly. This is how the operations system Ahrom Labs built now keeps it. ## Why couldn't the old stock record hold an offcut? Inventory was a single number per item — how many plates of a grade and size were on hand. An offcut isn't one of those plates; it's a specific piece with its own dimensions. With nowhere to record a piece, a remnant sitting in the stores could never be matched to a future bill of materials, even when it was exactly the right size. ## What gets recorded at the moment of cutting? Each physical piece carries its own dimensions: length, width and thickness for a plate; length and weight-per-metre for an angle, channel, beam, pipe or bar. At the cut, the operator enters only what was used and what usable remnant they kept. The source piece is closed, each used piece is linked to the project it went into, each remnant goes back into stock as an available piece, and whatever weight is left over is booked as scrap automatically. Every output is chained to the piece it came from, so a part on a finished boiler traces back to the plate it was cut from. ## Why derive weight instead of weighing or typing it? Weight is computed from geometry and density — never typed. That makes the arithmetic self-checking: used plus remnant plus scrap must equal the source. In the live test, a 2000 × 1000 × 10 mm plate (157.00 kg) was cut into a 127.17 kg part and a 15.70 kg remnant, leaving 14.13 kg of scrap — summing exactly back to the source. A typed weight can't be held to that standard; a derived one can't fail it. ## How does a remnant get reused? Because a remnant is stored as a real piece with real dimensions, it's matched against bill-of-materials lines still waiting for material, exactly like a newly purchased plate. When a BOM is released, a fitting piece is reserved automatically — the least-waste piece first, a thickness mismatch rejected, rotation allowed so an offcut that fits sideways still counts — and only the shortfall goes to Procurement to buy. In the live test, a line needing two pieces with one matching remnant in stock reserved that remnant and sent only the second piece to purchasing. ## What does a cut piece cost? Cost follows weight. A used piece carries the fraction of its source's cost that its weight represents: 100 kg used from a 157 kg plate that cost ₹1,000 is booked at ₹636.94\. Building this surfaced a real, pre-existing error in how average cost was being recalculated for piece-tracked stock — fixed at the root rather than patched in the report. ## Boundary Piece tracking is switched on per item and applies to plate and section stock that's actually cut. Matching looks for one sufficient piece per requirement; nesting — planning the most economical 2D layout of several parts on one plate before cutting — is not part of this system. - **live cut test:** 157.00 kg source → 127.17 kg used + 15.70 kg remnant + 14.13 kg scrap - **weights typed by the operator:** none — plate L×W×T×density, sections length×kg/m - **piece traceability:** every cut output chained to its source piece (used, remnant, scrap) - **cost of a used piece:** by weight fraction — 100 kg used of a 157 kg, ₹1,000 plate → ₹636.94 Related patterns - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Part of - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores description: "How LS Technologies tracks every component reel by QR across two stores, and reserves stock for each customer order before it ships." --- # Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order For LS Technologies, an electronic components trader, Ahrom Labs built an inventory system where every reel and box carries a QR label, stock moves by scanning from a phone, and staff entries wait for a manager's approval. Stock is held in two stores, the second at a partner's site, and whole reels are reserved against each customer order line before they ship. 5,256 live reels moved to the two-store model with none lost. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 20, 2026 An electronics trader's stock isn't "500 of part X". It's reels, each holding a different quantity of one part, packed in boxes, sitting on shelves in more than one place. LS Technologies used to know roughly what it had. The system Ahrom Labs built for them knows each reel. ## Why track reels, not quantities? Because customers order quantities, but the store ships reels. Two reels of the same part, one of 5,000 and one of 1,200, aren't interchangeable when an order needs 5,000\. So each reel gets its own number and QR label when it's received, printed on the spot, and reels are grouped into boxes with their own labels. The quantity in stock is worked out from the reels, never kept as a separate number that could drift. ## How does stock move? By scanning. On the Outward screen, a store hand scans reels or whole boxes with a phone camera or a scanner into a cart, picks the customer and their purchase order, and submits. The packing list prints from the same cart. Receiving and moving stock between stores work the same way. Part of a reel can ship and the rest stays in stock with its new quantity. Staff entries don't change stock directly. They go to a manager, who approves, edits or rejects them; managers' own entries go through at once. Every entry can be undone by a manager, and an undo restores exactly that reel. ## What changed with a second store? LS keeps stock at a partner's site too. Each reel now records which store it's in, every store-to-store move is logged reel by reel, and the screens filter by store. The change was made on the live database: 5,256 reels moved to the two-store model, every one checked afterwards. The partner's own staff see only their store. Before they can record anything each day, their manager approves the previous day's outgoing summary, so the partner's movements are reviewed daily instead of line by line. Shipments from the partner store get a tax invoice in the same number series LS uses in Tally. One real incident shaped the rules. A shipment was once recorded against the wrong store because a dropdown had been left on the other store. Now a shipment always takes the store the reel is actually in; the screen can't override it. ## How is stock kept for a customer? A customer's purchase order line can reserve whole reels, oldest stock first, until the line is covered. A reserved reel shows as reserved when scanned, and shipping it to anyone else needs a manager's override. When stock doesn't cover the open orders, the shortfall is pooled by part into a procurement order, including imports, tracked through its own stages to Received. Reels received against it are reserved to the waiting orders automatically, earliest dispatch date first. Customers see each line of their order as reserved, in procurement or dispatched, with a progress bar, through their own login, without seeing stock figures, suppliers or costs. A boiler manufacturer's [customer portal](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) works the same way, from its own records. ## Boundary Reservations hold whole reels, so the last reel can cover more than the line needs. Stock in the partner store never counts as free stock for LS's own orders. - **unit of stock:** the reel (and the box it sits in), each with its own number and QR label, not a count per item - **how stock moves:** scan with a phone camera or scanner into a cart; inward, outward and store-to-store transfer - **staff entries:** queued for a manager to approve, edit or reject; managers' own entries go through at once - **live reels moved to two stores:** 5,256, every one checked after the change - **reservations:** whole reels set aside for a customer PO line, oldest stock first; a reserved reel can't ship to anyone else without a manager's override - **still to buy:** open order lines' shortfall pooled into a procurement order; goods received against it are reserved to waiting orders, earliest dispatch date first Related patterns - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Part of - [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Our work for LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing description: "How a manufacturer's old CRM diary, quotation register and Excel order tracker moved into one sales system, with every doubtful row held for review." --- # Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, sales history lived in an old CRM and an Excel tracker. Moving it in recovered all 20,167 diary rows, including 154 that a broken export had shifted, imported 2,221 quotations that matched exactly one customer and 1,006 orders with 1,905 payments, and held 303 doubtful quotations for a person instead of guessing. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 20, 2026 A sales team's memory is its history: who asked for what, what was quoted, what was promised on the last call. At one boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer, that history sat in three places: an old CRM's diary, the same CRM's quotation register, and an Excel sheet tracking every order and payment. The operations system Ahrom Labs built needed all of it in one place, so a salesperson opening a customer sees everything that customer has ever asked for. ## Why not just import the files? Because an export is never as clean as it looks, and a CRM that starts with wrong history is worse than one that starts empty. Every file was checked against itself before anything was loaded. The diary export had 20,167 rows. In 154 of them (0.76%), a contact address written over several lines had pushed the later columns one or two places to the right, so a naive read by column name lost the real status off the end of the row. The importer finds those rows from their known last columns and reads them correctly. All 20,167 rows were recovered. ## Why import fewer notes than rows? Because the old CRM repeated one note on every row for an organisation: one customer had the same note on 135 rows spanning a year. Importing row by row would have filled each customer's history with copies. Collapsed to distinct notes, the 20,167 rows became 2,199 real notes, each attached to the customer it belongs to. 214 organisations had rows but no note text ever written; they were skipped rather than given a made-up placeholder. ## What happens to a quotation that matches two customers? It waits for a person. The quotation register named customers the way people type them, so "ABC Industries" and "A.B.C. Industries Pvt Ltd" could be the same company or two. 2,221 quotations (counting revisions) matched exactly one customer and were imported. 303 matched none, or more than one, and went into a review list instead. A quotation attached to the wrong customer would show up in someone's history as something they never asked for. The order tracker, kept in Excel for five financial years, came in the same way: 1,006 orders and 1,905 payments, every row tagged with the import it came from so it can be removed as one batch if anything is ever found wrong. ## What does the sales team get? One place for every enquiry. The funnel stage is an enquiry's only status, with its history, so nothing is "open" in one screen and "lost" in another. A follow-up diary and a weekly planner show who should call whom this week. Quotations go out as PDFs in the company's own format, with its terms, GST and the amount in words, and they can be revised without starting again. Product prices keep their history. Order and payment tracking, win/loss, funnel ageing and salesperson reports read the same records, and once an order is placed the customer follows it through [their own portal](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department). Connections to IndiaMART, TradeIndia, JustDial and website forms are built: each enquiry lands in Sales, assigned in turn, the moment the company adds its own key. ## Boundary The old quotation register held only headers (number, date, customer, status), no line items or prices, so imported quotations show when and to whom, not what. New quotations carry their full lines. - **old CRM diary rows recovered:** 20,167 of 20,167, including 154 rows (0.76%) a broken export had shifted by one or two columns - **diary notes after removing repeats:** 2,199 distinct notes, attached to the customer they belong to - **quotations imported:** 2,221 that matched exactly one customer; 303 listed for review, not imported - **orders and payments from the Excel tracker:** 1,006 orders and 1,905 payments, five financial years - **rows given made-up content:** none — 214 organisations with no note text were skipped, not given a placeholder Related patterns - [Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) - [After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) Part of - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy description: "Two match-suggestion systems in the same manufacturing app score candidates identically — a Laplace-smoothed approval ratio, promoted at 75% confidence with…" --- # The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules Two match-suggestion systems in the same manufacturing app score candidates identically — a Laplace-smoothed approval ratio, promoted at 75% confidence with at least 3 prior approvals. One auto-applies its top match. The other never does, no matter how confident the score, because it decides what goes on a statutory quality-control document. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 31, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 ## Two systems, the same scoring math A manufacturing operation runs two independent match-suggestion systems that solve the same shape of problem: given a new record, rank the best existing candidates to link it to. Both score confidence the same way — a Laplace-smoothed approval ratio, `(approvals + 1) / (approvals + rejections + 2)`, promoted to "high confidence" once it clears 0.75 with at least 3 recorded approvals. ## What each one is actually matching One system matches leftover cut material back to bill-of-materials lines still waiting on stock — reserving whichever offcut fits, rotation allowed, so usable material doesn't get set aside as scrap. The other matches incoming test certificates to the bill-of-materials line they belong to, the record that ends up inside a statutory quality-control document. ## Same score, different action At the identical confidence threshold, the stock-matching system auto-reserves its top candidate the moment it clears the bar — a database write happens with no person involved. The certificate-matching system never does that. It always returns a ranked list; nothing gets linked until a person clicks "use this certificate." A promoted, high-confidence match just moves to the top of that list — it doesn't get to act on its own. ## Why the same math earns different trust A wrong [stock reservation](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/stock-reservation) is a wasted click — someone notices the piece doesn't fit and picks another from the list. A wrong match on a quality certificate becomes part of the paperwork proving a part meets its material specification. The statistics can't tell those two mistakes apart; the decision about which one gets to act unsupervised has to be made separately, by someone who understands what's actually at stake on each side. - **promotion threshold:** (approvals+1) / (approvals+rejections+2) ≥ 0.75, minimum 3 approvals - **certificate-matcher autonomy:** never auto-applies — a person always clicks "use this certificate" - **stock-matcher autonomy:** auto-reserves its top match, same confidence math, same threshold Related patterns - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) - [Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only) Part of - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems description: "Ahrom Labs keeps statutory rates — GST by HSN code, vendor TDS, income-tax and professional-tax slabs, PF and ESI — in one registry built to serve every…" --- # Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system Ahrom Labs keeps statutory rates — GST by HSN code, vendor TDS, income-tax and professional-tax slabs, PF and ESI — in one registry built to serve every system it builds, with a boiler manufacturer's system the first connected. A person checks each change against the actual CBIC or CBDT notification, a change goes live only once approved, installs pull approved rates daily, and a wrong rate is retracted rather than edited. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 ## Why not fetch tax rates automatically? Because there is nothing reliable to fetch from. When this registry was built, the sources were checked one by one: no government API publishes GST, TDS or income-tax rates in a machine-readable, effective-dated form, and the commercial compliance APIs checked offered filing, calculators and GSTIN lookup — not a rate feed. Scraping notification pages works until the day a page changes shape, and then it fails silently. For a number that ends up on invoices and in returns, being wrong unattended costs more than being a few days late. Rates change on mostly predictable occasions — the Union Budget, GST Council meetings, state notifications — so a person checking a few times a year is cheap and reliable. ## How does a rate change reach every system? 1. Someone reads the actual CBIC or CBDT notification and records the change in the registry's dataset. 2. A daily job compares the dataset against every version already recorded. Unchanged data does nothing; a new or changed rate becomes a draft; a conflicting value for the same effective date is rejected rather than drafted. An approved rate is never overwritten. 3. A person reviews the drafts and approves them — one at a time or in bulk. 4. Each connected system pulls approved changes on its own daily schedule, using a cursor so nothing is missed or pulled twice, and applies them through the same insert and validation it uses when someone types a rate in by hand. Each system has its own key, so the registry knows who is pulling and a new installation is one key away from receiving every verified rate. ## What happens when an approved rate turns out to be wrong? It's retracted, not edited. The original row and the record of who approved it stay in the registry permanently, a reason is required, a corrected replacement is drafted and approved separately, and the retracted row is never served again. The history of what a system believed, and when, survives the correction — which matters when someone later asks why an invoice carried the rate it did. ## How do you know the sync is still running? The registry's daily refresh runs at 02:00 IST, half an hour before the connected systems pull, so they always pull after it has finished. Every run records a heartbeat — running, then success or failure — visible at the top of the registry's admin screen. The scheduled trigger also reports to an external check that sends an email if the schedule itself stops firing, because a job that never runs can't report its own failure. ## What else sits in the compliance core? The rates registry is one part of the accounting and compliance layer that Ahrom Labs builds systems on: - **GSTIN verification** — a live lookup of a customer's or vendor's GSTIN before it's saved. - **GST returns** — GSTR-1 and GSTR-3B from the system's own ledger, and the government's GSTR-2B imported from the portal's download, with each line's Invoice Management System status — accepted, rejected, pending or deemed accepted — recorded against it. See [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp). - **[E-way bills](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill)** — a client that talks directly to the government's NIC e-way bill system, with no intermediary, built to the official v1.03 specification to generate and cancel e-way bills from the invoice's own line items. It is built and checked locally; it goes live once the company's NIC account is set up. - **TallyPrime** — connected four ways, or made optional. See [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways). ## Boundary Rates are only as current as the person maintaining the registry, so an unscheduled notification can take a short while to arrive — accepted in exchange for never applying an unverified rate. The registry stores rates; it doesn't decide which rate applies to a transaction or give tax advice, and a business's own CA remains the authority on its filings. A boiler manufacturer's system is the first connected; others connect as they need it. - **Rate categories:** GST by HSN, vendor TDS, income-tax slabs, professional-tax slabs, PF/ESI - **Change to live:** Draft, then approved by a person; never applied unapproved - **Sync to installs:** Daily, 02:00 IST - **A wrong approved rate:** Retracted with a reason; the original and its approval kept Related patterns - [Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) Part of - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/suppliers-quote-on-a-link description: "How a manufacturer's suppliers quote, see the PO and record dispatch through one private link, while conversations stay on WhatsApp and phone." --- # Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued At a boiler manufacturer Ahrom Labs built for, each supplier gets one private link per request for quotation, sent on WhatsApp or email. They enter their rates there with no account to create, see whether they were chosen, then download the PO and record each dispatch with its LR number and photos. Stores sees the goods as on the way before the truck arrives. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 20, 2026 Buying for a boiler means hundreds of lines (plates, tubes, valves, fittings), each quoted by two or three suppliers. At one boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer, that used to mean quotes arriving as WhatsApp photos, PDFs and phone calls, typed into a spreadsheet by the buyer to compare them, and then a round of calls to ask whether the material had left. The operations system Ahrom Labs built changed where the numbers land, not how people talk. ## Why a link and not a supplier portal? Suppliers won't create an account and remember a password for every customer they sell to. A portal they have to log in to stays empty. So each supplier gets a private link per request for quotation. The buyer picks the lines and the suppliers, and the system sends each supplier their own link by WhatsApp or email, or the buyer copies it into a chat. The supplier opens it on their phone, enters a rate and delivery date per line, and submits. Nothing to install, nothing to sign up for. Conversations stay where they already happen. The buyer still calls and still messages on WhatsApp. The system is built around the way this manufacturer already works with its suppliers, not the other way round. What changes is that the rates arrive as data, against the right line, instead of in a photo. ## What happens when quotes come in? The buyer who raised the request is alerted as each one arrives. Procurement sees the quotes for each line side by side and picks a supplier. Picking one drafts the purchase order, so nothing is typed twice. A request can be edited after it's sent: suppliers added, a supplier who hasn't quoted removed, a line taken out. ## What does the supplier see after that? Their link tells them whether they were chosen. Once the PO is issued, the same link shows their copy of the PO as a PDF and a form to record each dispatch: which lines and how much are on the truck (part shipments allowed, never more than is left), the transporter, vehicle, LR number and date, and up to three photos or PDFs of the bill or the loaded truck. ## What does the factory get from that? Stores and Procurement are alerted when a supplier dispatches. The lines move to "in transit", and on the Stores receiving screen they show "On the way" with the LR number, transporter and a tracking link where one exists. When the truck arrives, Stores receives against lines it already knows are coming. Once goods have been received from a dispatch, the supplier can no longer change it, so the record of what was sent matches what came in. ## Boundary Live tracking of the truck isn't part of this: the system stores the carrier's details, not its location. Suppliers can't see other suppliers' rates, other POs or anything beyond their own link. The same manufacturer's own customers follow their orders through [a portal of their own](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department). - **what a supplier needs to quote:** the link — no login, no account, no app - **how the link is sent:** WhatsApp, email or copied, from the RFQ screen; conversations stay where they already happen - **after a quote arrives:** the buyer who raised the RFQ is alerted; quotes compared side by side; choosing one drafts the PO - **after the PO is issued:** the same link shows the PO copy and a form to record each dispatch (lines and quantities, transporter, vehicle, LR number, up to 3 photos or PDFs) - **what Stores sees:** the PO line marked On the way, with the LR number and transporter, before the goods arrive Part of - [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Our work for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting description: "A local agent, running on the same PC as TallyPrime, polls a cloud app's database every 30 seconds and posts approved invoices into Tally's local XML…" --- # Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app A local agent, running on the same PC as TallyPrime, polls a cloud app's database every 30 seconds and posts approved invoices into Tally's local XML gateway, syncing voucher status every 15 minutes and master data nightly. Missing ledgers and real rejections are held for a person; connection failures retry automatically until Tally is reachable again. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 Ahrom Labs built the CRM and Tally-accounting layer running underneath LS Technologies, an electronics-components import/export trading business. Every purchase invoice, freight bill, and customs document gets extracted, reviewed, and — once approved — has to land as a real voucher inside TallyPrime. Here's how that actually works. ## Why doesn't the app talk to Tally directly? TallyPrime's own integration surface is a local HTTP XML gateway that only listens on the machine running Tally itself — there's no cloud endpoint to call. A small agent runs on that same PC and bridges the two systems: the cloud app writes an approved invoice to its own database, and the local agent reads from there and posts it into Tally's gateway. ## How fast does data move between the two systems? Three different cadences, not one. The agent polls for newly approved invoices every 30 seconds and pushes them into Tally immediately. It syncs voucher status and outstanding-bill data back to the cloud app every 15 minutes. Ledger, stock-item, and voucher-type master data — the slower-moving reference data — syncs once every 24 hours. ## What happens when a ledger doesn't exist yet? Before an invoice is even approved, the system checks every ledger name its Tally posting would need against a locally cached snapshot of Tally's own ledgers, and flags anything unrecognized for the reviewer. Nothing gets auto-created in Tally on the system's own authority — a missing ledger is a decision for a person, not the software. ## How are Tally-offline errors handled differently from real rejections? Every push failure gets classified before anything else happens. A connection failure — Tally is offline, the network hiccups — is transient: the invoice stays queued, and the same 30-second poll picks it back up automatically on the next cycle. A rejection from Tally itself — a ledger that truly doesn't exist, a duplicate voucher — is structural: the invoice is held with the exact reason attached, and the automatic retry stops until a person fixes it. ## How does the system know a voucher actually landed in Tally? Posting isn't the end of the story. Each 15-minute sync compares what the app believes it posted against what Tally's own data currently shows. A voucher is marked confirmed only once it's actually visible inside Tally; if a confirmed voucher is later deleted inside Tally itself, the next sync notices and rolls the record back to unconfirmed. ## Boundary None of this works as a cloud-to-cloud integration, because it isn't one — it depends on TallyPrime and its local gateway being reachable on the same machine as the agent. If that PC is off, nothing posts until it's back on; the 30-second retry picks up wherever it left off, with no manual restart needed. ## Reference implementation The XML-building and error-classification logic described above is open-sourced as [tally-voucher-xml](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml) — the protocol-correct parts, stripped of this business's ledger names and database coupling. - **push poll cadence:** 30 seconds - **voucher/outstanding sync:** 15 minutes (30 cycles x 30s) - **master data sync (ledgers, stock, voucher types):** 24 hours - **ledger-missing handling:** flagged for manual review, not auto-created; retries stop until fixed Related patterns - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) Part of - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Our work for LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp description: "Stay on TallyPrime if the need is accounting with simple stock. Choose ERPNext or Odoo when your processes match what they ship." --- # Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose Stay on TallyPrime if the need is accounting with simple stock. Choose ERPNext or Odoo when your processes match what they ship. Build custom when the workflow is the business — IBR paperwork, piece-level plate traceability, two companies on one book. A boiler manufacturer planned an ERPNext integration for accounting, then built its own ledger instead. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 Ahrom Labs builds custom systems, so this isn't a neutral comparison — which is exactly why it starts with when you shouldn't hire us. The choice is rarely "which software is best"; it's which one matches how much of your business is standard. ## When is TallyPrime enough? When what you need is accounting: double-entry books, vouchers, GST returns, and stock as quantities on invoices. Every CA in India knows it, and for a small company whose problem is the books, it's hard to beat on cost. It stops being enough when work starts happening outside it — the widely quoted sign is a production manager keeping a parallel Excel for work orders, because in Tally stock is an attribute of a voucher rather than something that moves through a factory ([ERPDrive](https://erpdrive.in/blog/erp-vs-tally-for-manufacturing.html)). Multi-level bills of materials — assemblies inside assemblies — are where most manufacturers feel it first. ## When are ERPNext or Odoo the better choice? When your processes look like the ones they ship. ERPNext is open source, built in India, with no per-user licence fees and strong GST, [e-way bill](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill) and [e-invoicing](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice) support; Odoo's community edition is free, with enterprise features and many modules paid ([Ksolves](https://www.ksolves.com/blog/odoo/compare-odoo-vs-erpnext), [Cudio](https://www.cudio.com/blog/erpnext-vs-odoo)). If an implementation partner can configure one to fit your business without writing much code, it will be faster and cheaper than a custom build — take that option. ## When does a custom system make sense? When the part that's specific to you is the part that matters. Three examples from systems we've built: a boiler maker's [IBR statutory folder](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ibr-statutory-folder) built from a bank of [material test certificates](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate); steel plate tracked as individual pieces so offcuts go back into stock by weight; and two sister companies sharing one client list and one ledger while staff see only their own cash entries. Each of those would be heavy customisation on a packaged ERP — and heavy customisation is code you maintain through every upgrade of someone else's product. At that point, owning the system outright is often the simpler path. ## What did a boiler manufacturer actually decide? [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) had its operations system built custom from the start — projects, BOM, procurement, stores, production, QC — with CRM, selling and HR built natively to the feature depth ERPNext offers. Regulated accounting — the ledger, GST, TDS and statutory payroll — was originally planned as an integration with ERPNext. In August 2026 that was reversed: the operations system became the book of record, ERPNext was dropped, and Tally was kept as an optional sync target rather than the books. The result is described in [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp). The cost is real, and worth stating: owning the ledger meant building GST returns, TDS, [reverse charge](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/reverse-charge), [fixed assets](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-asset-register) and bank reconciliation, and testing them with real transactions — a reverse-charge test found two posting bugs before any real books depended on them. Keeping statutory rates correct is handled by a human-approved rate registry rather than by each system separately. ## A quick way to decide - Is your problem mostly the books and GST? **Stay on TallyPrime**, and connect your other tools to it if needed. - Do your processes match a standard manufacturing ERP, with little customisation? **ERPNext or Odoo**, through a good implementation partner. - Is there industry paperwork, [traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-traceability) or a business structure no package models well? **Custom** — and decide separately whether the books move in or Tally stays as the ledger. - Not sure? That's what a modeling phase is for: [map the business first](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement#pricing), then choose. To compare the options against your own requirements, line by line, use the [ERP selection matrix](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/selection-matrix) and the [requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements). ## Boundary The package descriptions above summarise the cited comparisons as of September 2026; licences and editions change, so check current terms before deciding. We have not implemented ERPNext or Odoo for a client — this guide compares them from the outside. - **Tally is enough when:** the need is accounting, GST and simple stock - **ERPNext or Odoo fit when:** your processes match what the package ships - **Custom fits when:** the workflow or the regulation is specific to your business - **A boiler manufacturer's accounting decision:** ERPNext integration planned → own ledger built, Tally kept as optional sync Related patterns - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) Part of - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Two companies, one book | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book description: "Savistar and Saag — sister companies, same owners — share one client list and one combined finance ledger in a single app, not a multi-tenant system." --- # Two companies, one book Savistar and Saag — sister companies, same owners — share one client list and one combined finance ledger in a single app, not a multi-tenant system. The real structure is in who can see what: staff see only their own cash entries, and bank data is rejected outright for any staff request, enforced at the API, not just hidden in the UI. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 · Updated October 17, 2026 ## Why one book? Savistar (interior design) and Saag (furniture manufacturing) are sister companies — a sister concern arrangement, in Indian accounting terms — under the same owners, sharing a single client list. Rather than running two separate systems that need to be kept in sync, both businesses operate out of one app with one combined finance ledger. ## How "two companies" actually works There's no tenant or company table underneath this — it's a single shared database with one client table. What distinguishes a Savistar job from a Saag order is mostly a matter of which tab it lives in (Projects for Savistar's design work, Orders for Saag's furniture orders), plus a single field on each invoice that picks the right letterhead, logo, GSTIN, and registration details when a PDF is generated. It's a shared single-tenant app modeling two business lines, not a multi-tenant system — simpler than "two companies, one book" might suggest, and that simplicity is the point: nobody has to maintain a heavier structure than the business actually needs. ## Where the real structure is: who can see what The part that isn't simple is financial visibility. Staff log day-to-day cash transactions, but their view of the cash ledger is scoped to only the entries they personally created — enforced at the point the data is fetched, not just hidden in the interface. Bank data goes further: it isn't scoped, it's excluded entirely. Every request touching bank information from a staff account is rejected before any query even runs. Owners see everything; staff see their own cash activity and nothing from the bank side. ## Why it's built this way None of this depends on every integration being perfectly configured. The database, file storage, and AI extraction the app uses elsewhere are each optional at the infrastructure level — the app runs regardless, and each feature behaves according to whether its own configuration is present, rather than the whole system depending on all of them being wired up. --- > "They really took the time to understand our concerns and requirements, and the system was built the way we had envisioned it. It has brought much more structure, visibility, and control to the way we operate." > > — Sachi & Haripriya, owners of Savistar and Saag - **shared structure:** one client list, one combined finance ledger, no tenant/company table - **staff cash visibility:** own entries only - **staff bank visibility:** none, every bank route rejects staff Related patterns - [Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) - [Optional integrations should degrade the specific feature, not the app](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/graceful-degradation-by-env-var) Part of - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) - [Our work for Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Engineering patterns for business software | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns description: "Reusable decisions extracted from real engagements — the trade-offs we chose and why, so the next system doesn't start from zero." --- # Engineering patterns for business software Reusable decisions extracted from real engagements: the trade-offs we chose and why, so the next system doesn't start from zero. ## [Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/auto-match-only-when-mutually-unique) When matching two lists — bank statement lines to ledger entries — apply a match automatically only if exactly one candidate exists on each side within tolerance (exact amount, ±3 days). Any ambiguity becomes a suggestion for a person, and an unmatched line gets a one-click fix. Fewer auto-matches, but none of them are guesses. September 24, 2026 ## [Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) To show why a workflow step is blocked and by what, compute the blocker fresh on every read from the step's declared predecessor and live signals — never store it. Ship it read-only first: surface the signal everywhere the step appears, enforce nothing, and flag steps marked done while their predecessor isn't. Enforcement comes after the signal is trusted. September 24, 2026 ## [One computed result, several renderers — never recalculate a report per format](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-once-render-many) A report shown on screen, returned as JSON and exported as PDF should come from one computation, with each format only rendering its result. Register each report once with the exact function that computes it; on-screen table, API and PDF all call that function. Across 23 reports and documents, the three formats cannot disagree. September 24, 2026 ## [Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) GST, TDS, PF, ESI, income-tax and professional-tax rates change a few times a year and must be right. Keep them in one central registry where a person enters and approves each change, and have every deployment pull approved changes daily through the same validation as a hand-entered rate. No scraping of government sites. September 24, 2026 ## [Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system) When imported data carries typos — TINNER for THINNER, PALTE for PLATE — suggest a correction only for two trusted shapes, one-character edits and adjacent swaps, and remember the answer after a single human confirmation. A looser "edit distance ≤ 2" rule matched PALTE to VALVE as readily as to PLATE, and was rejected. September 24, 2026 ## [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) An outstanding balance — partial deliveries, payroll advances — can be tracked as a running total updated on each transaction, or computed fresh from source records every time. Compute it at read time instead of storing it separately, trading recomputation cost for avoiding drift between the stored total and the transactions that actually produced it. August 29, 2026 ## [Fail-closed doesn't have to mean fail-invisible — pick the blocking mechanism deliberately](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/fail-closed-preserve-visibility) A security-critical control needs default-deny, but the naive way to enforce "blocked" — disabling the underlying service entirely — can also destroy the ability to detect the thing being blocked. Default to blocked, but enforce it through a mechanism that blocks use without blocking detection, so a blocked resource can still be found and requested. August 29, 2026 ## [Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) A voucher push can fail because the target system is briefly unreachable, or because the voucher is genuinely invalid — two different problems needing different responses. Classify the failure first: transient errors retry automatically, structural ones are held with the reason attached for a person to fix. August 29, 2026 ## [Optional integrations should degrade the specific feature, not the app](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/graceful-degradation-by-env-var) Optional integrations shouldn't be a hard requirement at startup — check each one's config where it's actually used, and decide what happens per feature. Here that means three different behaviors for three integrations: a full local fallback, a silent skip, and a hard reject. The trade-off is holding three separate rules in mind instead of one simple story. August 29, 2026 ## [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) AI-based document extraction is fast but not perfect — even a good system leaves some share of documents needing correction. Post nothing automatically: every extraction sits in a review state until a person approves it. The cost is a manual step on every document; the alternative is trusting unreviewed numbers with real money. August 29, 2026 ## [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) When the system you need to integrate with only exposes a local interface — like TallyPrime's local-only XML gateway — route through a small agent running on the same machine instead of building toward a cloud API that doesn't exist. The cost is lag: minutes to a day, depending on how fast that data actually needs to move. August 29, 2026 ## [After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) After writing to an external system of record, don't trust your own write as fact — read back from the authoritative system and update your own copy to match what's actually there. The external system stays the real source of truth; your copy is a cache of it, verified after every write. August 29, 2026 ## [Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reference-rate-anomaly-detection) Incoming billed amounts can't all be manually audited line by line. Compare each charge against a known reference rate and automatically flag deviations, instead of trusting every incoming number or requiring full manual review. Catches overcharges without a person checking every line — only as good as how current the reference data stays. August 29, 2026 ## [Queue the original request, replay it through the same handler on approval](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/replay-queued-payload-through-existing-handler) Some actions need approval before taking effect, but duplicating business logic for "pending" vs. "approved" versions of the same action doubles the surface area for bugs. Queue non-approved actions as the original request payload, and on approval, replay it through the exact same handler real-time requests use — one code path instead of two. August 29, 2026 ## [Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) Don't rely on hiding UI elements to protect financial data from the wrong role — enforce the boundary where the data is fetched. Staff cash visibility is filtered to their own entries at the query level; bank data is rejected outright for staff before any query runs. The trade-off: it's a per-endpoint discipline, not one central gate. August 29, 2026 ## [Zero-config first run — seed default logins, force rotation through the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/seeded-credentials-forced-rotation) A new client instance needs to be usable immediately, not blocked on manual account provisioning. Auto-create the schema and seed default logins on first run, then force rotation through a UI visible to everyone, rather than leaving default credentials to quietly persist. Zero-friction setup, with a real but narrow exposure window. August 29, 2026 ## [Re-derive a sequence counter from the data itself before trusting it](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/self-healing-sequence-counters) A sequential ID scheme backed by a mutable counter table can desync from manual edits or partial writes. Before incrementing, re-derive the counter as the max of its stored value and the highest numeric suffix already in the table — it heals itself from drift instead of needing a manual fix, at the cost of an extra scan on each allocation. August 29, 2026 ## [Make a machine credential structurally unable to pass as a human one](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/separate-machine-from-human-identity) A system with both human users and machine/service clients needs a leaked machine credential to be unable to impersonate a human. Machine identity is carried in a token claim that can only come from the token itself, never a request body, and the human-session check explicitly excludes that credential type — structurally impossible, not just policy. August 29, 2026 ## [Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only) A system can infer relationships from existing data — implicit orderings baked into config — that look plausible but were never confirmed by a domain expert. Mark such inferences explicitly unconfirmed and keep any automation that would act on them read-only until a domain expert actually confirms them, rather than letting the inference stand in. August 29, 2026 --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/auto-match-only-when-mutually-unique description: "When matching two lists — bank statement lines to ledger entries — apply a match automatically only if exactly one candidate exists on each side within…" --- # Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person When matching two lists — bank statement lines to ledger entries — apply a match automatically only if exactly one candidate exists on each side within tolerance (exact amount, ±3 days). Any ambiguity becomes a suggestion for a person, and an unmatched line gets a one-click fix. Fewer auto-matches, but none of them are guesses. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 ## Context Bank reconciliation pairs each bank statement line with the ledger entry it corresponds to. Most pairs are obvious. Some aren't: two payments of the same amount a day apart, or a cheque that cleared three days after it was booked. A matcher that picks "the closest" in those cases will sometimes pick wrong — and a wrong reconciliation is harder to find than an unreconciled line. ## Decision A match is applied automatically only when it is mutually unique: the statement line has exactly one eligible ledger candidate within tolerance, and that ledger entry has exactly one eligible statement line. Tolerance is the exact amount within a few days either side. Anything else is shown as a low-confidence suggestion — closest by date — for a person to confirm. Only unreconciled entries are ever candidates. A statement line with no ledger entry at all (a bank charge, interest) offers a one-click journal entry. ## Why Mutual uniqueness is a condition the matcher can prove, not a score it has to trust. When it holds, there is no second interpretation to get wrong. When it doesn't, the ambiguity is real information a person should see, not noise to be resolved by a tie-break rule. ## Trade-off A month with many identical amounts — standing instructions, equal instalments — auto-matches less and leaves more for a person to click through. That's the intended cost: the manual queue grows exactly where a guess would have been riskiest. - **tolerance:** exact amount, ±3 days for clearing lag - **auto-applied when:** exactly one eligible candidate on each side - **self-check assertions:** 8, including "ambiguous candidates stay low confidence" Seen in practice - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) Part of - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Compute \"what's blocking this\" on every read, and observe before you enforce" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read description: "To show why a workflow step is blocked and by what, compute the blocker fresh on every read from the step's declared predecessor and live signals — never…" --- # Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce To show why a workflow step is blocked and by what, compute the blocker fresh on every read from the step's declared predecessor and live signals — never store it. Ship it read-only first: surface the signal everywhere the step appears, enforce nothing, and flag steps marked done while their predecessor isn't. Enforcement comes after the signal is trusted. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 ## Context A manufacturing order moves through dozens of milestones across departments — design, procurement, production, QC, dispatch. When one stalls, the useful question is not "is it late" but "what is it waiting for, and who can unblock it". Answering that with a hand-written check inside each feature produces as many definitions of "blocked" as there are screens. ## Decision Each milestone declares its structural predecessor, configurable system-wide. One pure function takes a milestone and returns whether it's ready and, if not, what it's blocked by — an unfinished predecessor, or a live signal such as materials not yet received. The result is computed on every read and attached to the milestone wherever it renders; it is never written to the database. The first version enforces nothing: it only shows the signal, alongside — not merged into — the existing late/at-risk status. It also flags the reverse inconsistency: a milestone marked done while the thing it depends on isn't. ## Why A stored "blocked" flag is a second copy of facts that already exist, and it goes stale the moment one of them changes. Computing on read removes that failure mode entirely. Shipping read-only first means the signal is checked against how the plant actually works before it's allowed to stop anyone — an enforced rule that's wrong halts real work; an observed one that's wrong just gets corrected. ## Trade-off Every read pays for the computation, and a signal nobody is forced to act on can be ignored. Both are accepted for the first version: the computation is small, and the point of observing first is to learn which blockers deserve enforcement before any of them get it. - **blocker storage:** none — computed on every read, so it can't go stale - **v1 enforcement:** none — observational signal only - **consistency check:** flags a step marked done while its own predecessor isn't Seen in practice - [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) Part of - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "One computed result, several renderers — never recalculate a report per format" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-once-render-many description: "A report shown on screen, returned as JSON and exported as PDF should come from one computation, with each format only rendering its result." --- # One computed result, several renderers — never recalculate a report per format A report shown on screen, returned as JSON and exported as PDF should come from one computation, with each format only rendering its result. Register each report once with the exact function that computes it; on-screen table, API and PDF all call that function. Across 23 reports and documents, the three formats cannot disagree. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 ## Context Business reports get asked for in more than one form: a table on screen, a PDF to email to the auditor, sometimes raw data for another system. The quick way to add a PDF is to write a PDF generator that queries the data again. Now there are two calculations of the same trial balance, and the day one of them changes, the screen and the printout disagree. ## Decision Each report is registered once in a catalog, and its entry points at the same `compute` function the report's JSON route already uses. The screen and the PDF don't compute anything; they take that result and render it, with a small hand-written function per report to shape it into a table. A shared PDF frame supplies the identity header, page numbers and a table header that repeats across pages, so every report looks like it came from the same company. ## Why When there is only one calculation, "the numbers don't match" stops being a possible bug class. It also makes adding a format cheap: a new renderer reuses every report's existing, already-tested computation. ## Trade-off The per-report shaping functions are hand-written rather than generated from a generic report definition. Report results differ too much — a trial balance is a flat table, GSTR-1 is two tables matching the GST portal's split, GSTR-3B is only totals — for one generic template to render them all well, so a little repetition was chosen over a configuration language nobody would want to maintain. - **reports built this way:** 19 catalog reports + 4 per-record PDFs - **calculations per report:** 1, shared by the JSON route, the screen and the PDF Seen in practice - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) Part of - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them description: "An outstanding balance — partial deliveries, payroll advances — can be tracked as a running total updated on each transaction, or computed fresh from source…" --- # Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total An outstanding balance — partial deliveries, payroll advances — can be tracked as a running total updated on each transaction, or computed fresh from source records every time. Compute it at read time instead of storing it separately, trading recomputation cost for avoiding drift between the stored total and the transactions that actually produced it. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A figure like "outstanding balance" or "amount still owed" can be maintained two ways: as a stored value updated whenever a related transaction happens, or computed from those transactions whenever it's needed. ## Decision Compute it at read time from the underlying transactions — orders, deliveries, returns, advances — rather than maintaining a separately-updated stored total. ## Why A stored running total can drift from the transactions that produced it the moment an update is missed, applied twice, or applied out of order. A derived value can't drift, because it's recalculated from the same source every time. ## Trade-off Recomputation cost on every read instead of an O(1) stored read. Fine at the transaction volumes this was built for; a system with a much higher read rate on this figure would need to revisit the trade. Seen in practice - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) - [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) - [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) Part of - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) - [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Fail-closed doesn't have to mean fail-invisible — pick the blocking mechanism deliberately" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/fail-closed-preserve-visibility description: "A security-critical control needs default-deny, but the naive way to enforce \"blocked\" — disabling the underlying service entirely — can also destroy the…" --- # Fail-closed doesn't have to mean fail-invisible — pick the blocking mechanism deliberately A security-critical control needs default-deny, but the naive way to enforce "blocked" — disabling the underlying service entirely — can also destroy the ability to detect the thing being blocked. Default to blocked, but enforce it through a mechanism that blocks use without blocking detection, so a blocked resource can still be found and requested. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A security-critical control needs a default-deny posture. The obvious way to enforce "blocked" is to disable the underlying service or device entirely — but that can also destroy the ability to even detect or discover the thing being blocked. ## Decision Default to blocked, but enforce it through a mechanism that blocks _use_ of the resource without blocking _detection_ of it — so a blocked resource can still be found and its access requested, rather than disappearing entirely. ## Why Fail-closed doesn't have to mean fail-invisible. Picking the specific blocking mechanism — not just deciding "blocked vs. not" — is the actual decision that determines whether a legitimate access request can even happen afterward. ## Trade-off Requires a more specific, less obvious enforcement mechanism than the blunt "turn it off" option, and more care to confirm it genuinely blocks use while it does. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost description: "A voucher push can fail because the target system is briefly unreachable, or because the voucher is genuinely invalid — two different problems needing…" --- # Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person A voucher push can fail because the target system is briefly unreachable, or because the voucher is genuinely invalid — two different problems needing different responses. Classify the failure first: transient errors retry automatically, structural ones are held with the reason attached for a person to fix. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 ## Context A voucher push into Tally can fail for two very different reasons: Tally being briefly unreachable, or the voucher itself being genuinely invalid — a ledger that doesn't exist, a duplicate entry. ## Decision Classify every failure before deciding what happens next. A connection problem is transient — the invoice stays queued and gets picked up automatically on the next poll cycle. A rejection from Tally itself is structural — the invoice is held, with the exact reason attached, and the automatic retry stops until a person fixes the underlying issue. ## Why Treating every failure the same way breaks in one of two directions: retry forever on a voucher that will never succeed, or give up on a connection blip that would have resolved itself on its own thirty seconds later. ## Trade-off The classification depends on parsing the target system's own error messages, which is simple to reason about but brittle if that wording ever changes — a workaround built against one system's specific quirks, not a general error-handling framework. ## As code The transient-vs-structural classifier is open-sourced as `classifyNetworkError()`/`classifyResponseError()` in [tally-voucher-xml](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml). - **retry behavior for transient errors:** automatic, next 30-second poll cycle - **retry behavior for structural errors:** none — held with reason attached until a person resolves it Seen in practice - [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) - [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) Part of - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Optional integrations should degrade the specific feature, not the app" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/graceful-degradation-by-env-var description: "Optional integrations shouldn't be a hard requirement at startup — check each one's config where it's actually used, and decide what happens per feature." --- # Optional integrations should degrade the specific feature, not the app Optional integrations shouldn't be a hard requirement at startup — check each one's config where it's actually used, and decide what happens per feature. Here that means three different behaviors for three integrations: a full local fallback, a silent skip, and a hard reject. The trade-off is holding three separate rules in mind instead of one simple story. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context Three integrations — a hosted database, object storage, and an LLM API — each unlock a feature, but none of them are required for the app to run at all. ## Decision Each integration's configuration is checked independently, right where it's used, rather than as one hard requirement at startup. What happens when it's missing is decided per feature rather than by one shared rule: the database falls back to a local file entirely; object storage either skips the upload silently or rejects just that request, depending on which endpoint; the AI integration always rejects just the extraction call. ## Why A single hard requirement on every optional integration at boot would make local development and partial deployments unnecessarily brittle — the whole app would refuse to start over a feature nobody's using yet. ## Trade-off This is deliberately inconsistent, not one uniform mechanism — three integrations, three different behaviors when missing. That's a real cost to hold in your head; it's not something you can describe as "the app degrades gracefully" and leave at that. Each integration point needs its own specific answer. - **behavior when the database URL is missing:** falls back fully to a local database file - **behavior when object-storage vars are missing:** inconsistent by design — one endpoint skips the upload silently, another rejects the request - **behavior when the AI extraction key is missing:** always rejects just the extraction call Seen in practice - [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction description: "AI-based document extraction is fast but not perfect — even a good system leaves some share of documents needing correction." --- # AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data AI-based document extraction is fast but not perfect — even a good system leaves some share of documents needing correction. Post nothing automatically: every extraction sits in a review state until a person approves it. The cost is a manual step on every document; the alternative is trusting unreviewed numbers with real money. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context LLM-based document extraction is fast — a purchase invoice comes back parsed in seconds — but it isn't perfect. Even a well-tuned pipeline leaves a meaningful share of documents needing a correction before the numbers are right. ## Decision Every extracted document sits in a review state. Nothing downstream — a posting, a saved record, anything else — happens until a person looks at it and approves it. The model drafts; it never commits on its own. ## Why A wrong number in a financial posting is expensive to unwind after the fact — tracing it, reversing it, re-entering it correctly. A short review before it goes anywhere is cheaper than a correction after it's already downstream. Even at a 94% zero-correction rate on the best-performing document type, a meaningful share still needs a human to catch it. ## Trade-off Every document gets a manual step and some latency it wouldn't have with straight auto-posting. That's the deliberate cost — the alternative is trusting an unreviewed model with money. The same decision has been made independently a second time, in a separate engagement, for a completely different kind of document — not an accounting record at all. Same reasoning, same conclusion: AI drafts, a person confirms. - **purchase invoice zero-correction rate:** 94% - **bank statement zero-correction rate (hardest document type):** 89% Seen in practice - [AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop) - [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) - [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) - [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) - [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) Part of - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [RAG and knowledge graphs over your business](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates description: "GST, TDS, PF, ESI, income-tax and professional-tax rates change a few times a year and must be right. Keep them in one central registry where a person…" --- # Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them GST, TDS, PF, ESI, income-tax and professional-tax rates change a few times a year and must be right. Keep them in one central registry where a person enters and approves each change, and have every deployment pull approved changes daily through the same validation as a hand-entered rate. No scraping of government sites. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 ## Context Every Indian business system that computes tax needs current statutory rates, and they change on known occasions — the Union Budget, GST Council meetings, state notifications. Typing them into each client's system separately means the same change is made several times, with several chances to get it wrong. Automating it by scraping government websites fails silently when a page changes shape. ## Decision Run one registry of statutory rates, separate from any client system. A change is entered as a draft and becomes visible only once a person approves it, with its effective dates. Each deployment pulls approved changes on a daily schedule using a cursor, and applies them through exactly the same insert and validation functions its own admin screens use — a pulled rate and a hand-typed rate cannot behave differently. The registry is multi-tenant from the start, with a key per deployment. ## Why A compliance rate is the kind of number where being wrong unattended costs more than being late. A person checking around known trigger dates is cheap and reliable; a scraper is cheap until the day it quietly isn't. Centralising the approval means that person does the work once for every client, and routing the pull through the existing validation means the sync adds no second set of rules to trust. ## Trade-off Rates are only as current as the person maintaining the registry. The design relies on the change dates being predictable — which they mostly are — and accepts a short lag after an unscheduled notification in exchange for never applying an unverified rate. - **rate categories:** GST, TDS, PF, ESI, income-tax slabs, professional-tax slabs - **update path:** draft → approved in the registry → pulled by each deployment on a daily cron - **automated scraping:** none — no reliable official rates API exists Seen in practice - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) - [Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems) - [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) Part of - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db description: "When the system you need to integrate with only exposes a local interface — like TallyPrime's local-only XML gateway — route through a small agent running…" --- # Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only When the system you need to integrate with only exposes a local interface — like TallyPrime's local-only XML gateway — route through a small agent running on the same machine instead of building toward a cloud API that doesn't exist. The cost is lag: minutes to a day, depending on how fast that data actually needs to move. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 · Updated October 25, 2026 ## Context TallyPrime's own integration surface is a local HTTP XML gateway — it only listens on the machine running Tally itself. There's no cloud-reachable endpoint to call from a hosted web app. ## Decision Run a small agent on the same machine as Tally. The cloud app never talks to Tally directly — it writes to its own database, and the local agent reads from there and posts into Tally's gateway. ## Why This isolates everything Tally-specific — the local-only connection, Tally's own XML quirks, the possibility that the PC is simply switched off — inside one small, replaceable process. The cloud app stays a normal web app that only ever talks to its own database. ## Trade-off The integration only works while that PC and its agent are running. Data isn't instantly consistent between the two systems — pushes go out every 30 seconds, voucher status syncs back every 15 minutes, and slower-moving reference data (ledgers, stock items, voucher types) syncs once every 24 hours. That lag is the cost of not needing the target system to expose anything it doesn't already have. ## As code The Tally-facing half of this agent — building and posting voucher XML against the local gateway — is open-sourced as [tally-voucher-xml](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml). - **push poll cadence:** 30 seconds - **voucher/outstanding sync:** 15 minutes - **master data sync:** 24 hours Seen in practice - [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) - [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) - [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) - [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) Part of - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system description: "When imported data carries typos — TINNER for THINNER, PALTE for PLATE — suggest a correction only for two trusted shapes, one-character edits and adjacent…" --- # Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes When imported data carries typos — TINNER for THINNER, PALTE for PLATE — suggest a correction only for two trusted shapes, one-character edits and adjacent swaps, and remember the answer after a single human confirmation. A looser "edit distance ≤ 2" rule matched PALTE to VALVE as readily as to PLATE, and was rejected. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · September 24, 2026 ## Context Bills of materials arrive as spreadsheets typed by people, and the system categorises each line from its description. Misspellings — a missing letter, two letters swapped — land lines in the wrong category or none. Hand-adding each known misspelling as a rule fixes yesterday's typos, never tomorrow's. ## Decision During the import review a person already does, the system suggests a spelling correction next to the category dropdown — never instead of it. It trusts only two typo shapes against a short, curated list of real keywords: a single inserted, deleted or substituted character, or a genuine swap of two adjacent letters. When a person confirms a suggestion, that word is stored and applied automatically on every future import. One confirmation is enough, because this is a direct yes-or-no answer from someone looking at the line, not an inference that needs repeated evidence. ## Why A looser rule looked simpler: accept anything within an edit distance of two, which a transposition costs. Checked before shipping, it matched PALTE to VALVE exactly as closely as to PLATE — two unrelated substitutions scoring the same as one swap — which would have made the right suggestion ambiguous. Narrow shapes keep suggestions rare and right, which is what makes a single confirmation safe to learn from. ## Trade-off Typos outside the two shapes — two unrelated wrong letters, a missing syllable — get no suggestion and still need a person to pick the category by hand. The system learns less per import, in exchange for almost never proposing a wrong word. - **trusted typo shapes:** edit distance exactly 1, or a single adjacent transposition - **confirmations needed to learn a word:** 1 - **false positive caught before shipping:** PALTE ≈ VALVE at the same plain edit distance as PALTE ≈ PLATE Part of - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth description: "After writing to an external system of record, don't trust your own write as fact — read back from the authoritative system and update your own copy to…" --- # After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write After writing to an external system of record, don't trust your own write as fact — read back from the authoritative system and update your own copy to match what's actually there. The external system stays the real source of truth; your copy is a cache of it, verified after every write. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A write to an external system of record can succeed on the wire but still not mean what you think — the request could be accepted and then rejected downstream, or applied differently than expected. ## Decision After posting, read back from the authoritative system and update your own copy to match what's actually there, not what you believe you sent. ## Why The external system is the real source of truth. Your own record of "what happened" is only correct once it's been checked against that system, not the moment the write request returns success. ## Trade-off Adds a read-back step, and a window where your copy is provisionally "pending confirmation" rather than settled — cheaper than the alternative of silently drifting from what the source of truth actually holds. Seen in practice - [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) - [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) Part of - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reference-rate-anomaly-detection description: "Incoming billed amounts can't all be manually audited line by line. Compare each charge against a known reference rate and automatically flag deviations…" --- # Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge Incoming billed amounts can't all be manually audited line by line. Compare each charge against a known reference rate and automatically flag deviations, instead of trusting every incoming number or requiring full manual review. Catches overcharges without a person checking every line — only as good as how current the reference data stays. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context Vendor and freight charges arrive as numbers a system has no independent way to verify — trusting them outright risks paying overcharges; auditing every line manually doesn't scale. ## Decision Maintain a reference rate card for the relevant charge type, and compare each incoming charge against it automatically, flagging anything that deviates. ## Why This catches overcharges without requiring a person to check every line, while still surfacing exactly the cases that need a human look — the ones that don't match what's expected. ## Trade-off The check is only as good as the reference data. A stale rate card either produces false flags or misses real overcharges — someone has to keep it current for the pattern to keep working. Part of - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Queue the original request, replay it through the same handler on approval" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/replay-queued-payload-through-existing-handler description: "Some actions need approval before taking effect, but duplicating business logic for \"pending\" vs. \"approved\" versions of the same action doubles the surface…" --- # Queue the original request, replay it through the same handler on approval Some actions need approval before taking effect, but duplicating business logic for "pending" vs. "approved" versions of the same action doubles the surface area for bugs. Queue non-approved actions as the original request payload, and on approval, replay it through the exact same handler real-time requests use — one code path instead of two. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context Some actions need a manager's approval before they take effect, but writing a separate "approved version" of that action's logic means every change to the real handler has to be mirrored in the approval path, or the two quietly drift apart. ## Decision Store a non-approved action as a generic request record holding the original request payload as-is. On approval, replay that payload through the exact same handler function that processes real-time, non-gated requests. ## Why There's one code path for the actual business logic, used whether the action happened immediately or after approval. Nothing to keep in sync between two implementations of the same operation. ## Trade-off A queued payload is only as valid as it was at queue time — if something else changes state between queuing and approval, the replay can act on stale assumptions. That case needs its own handling; this pattern doesn't solve it by itself. - **replay mechanism:** queued request payload replayed through the same handler function real-time requests use, not a separate approval-path implementation Part of - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views description: "Don't rely on hiding UI elements to protect financial data from the wrong role — enforce the boundary where the data is fetched." --- # Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI Don't rely on hiding UI elements to protect financial data from the wrong role — enforce the boundary where the data is fetched. Staff cash visibility is filtered to their own entries at the query level; bank data is rejected outright for staff before any query runs. The trade-off: it's a per-endpoint discipline, not one central gate. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context Staff need to log day-to-day cash transactions, but shouldn't see the business's full financial picture. Bank data is for owners only. ## Decision The boundary is enforced where the data is fetched, not just in what the interface shows. A staff member's view of cash entries is filtered to only the entries they created, at the point the data is queried. Bank data isn't filtered at all — every bank-related request from a staff account is rejected outright, before any query runs. ## Why Hiding a UI element doesn't stop someone from calling the underlying endpoint directly. Enforcing the boundary at the point requests reach the server means the restriction holds regardless of what client is asking. ## Trade-off There's no single central gate doing this for the whole app — no row-level security at the database, just a rule applied at each relevant endpoint. Every new finance-adjacent feature has to remember to apply the same check. It's a discipline the team has to keep, not a guarantee the system enforces on its own. - **cash visibility scope for staff:** own entries only, enforced in the API query - **bank visibility for staff:** none — every bank API route rejects staff requests Seen in practice - [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) - [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) Part of - [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Zero-config first run — seed default logins, force rotation through the UI" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/seeded-credentials-forced-rotation description: "A new client instance needs to be usable immediately, not blocked on manual account provisioning. Auto-create the schema and seed default logins on first…" --- # Zero-config first run — seed default logins, force rotation through the UI A new client instance needs to be usable immediately, not blocked on manual account provisioning. Auto-create the schema and seed default logins on first run, then force rotation through a UI visible to everyone, rather than leaving default credentials to quietly persist. Zero-friction setup, with a real but narrow exposure window. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A new client instance needs to be usable immediately. Requiring an admin to manually provision the first real account before anyone can log in adds friction to every new deployment. ## Decision On first run, auto-create the schema and seed a small set of default logins. Rotation isn't optional or hidden — a "Change password" action is visible to everyone in the navigation, right after first login. ## Why Zero manual setup gets a new instance usable the moment it's deployed, without leaving default credentials live indefinitely — the rotation path is impossible to overlook because it's not buried in a settings page. ## Trade-off There's a real, if narrow, window where seeded credentials are live before someone actually rotates them. The trade is accepted deliberately: friction-free first run, in exchange for trusting that rotation actually happens promptly. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Re-derive a sequence counter from the data itself before trusting it" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/self-healing-sequence-counters description: "A sequential ID scheme backed by a mutable counter table can desync from manual edits or partial writes. Before incrementing, re-derive the counter as the…" --- # Re-derive a sequence counter from the data itself before trusting it A sequential ID scheme backed by a mutable counter table can desync from manual edits or partial writes. Before incrementing, re-derive the counter as the max of its stored value and the highest numeric suffix already in the table — it heals itself from drift instead of needing a manual fix, at the cost of an extra scan on each allocation. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A sequential, human-readable ID scheme (like a reel or box number with an incrementing suffix) is usually backed by a counter stored separately from the records it numbers. Manual edits, partial writes, or a restored backup can leave that counter out of sync with what's actually in the table. ## Decision Before incrementing the counter to allocate a new ID, re-derive it as the maximum of its currently stored value and the highest numeric suffix actually present in the table. ## Why The scheme heals itself from drift automatically. Nobody has to notice a desync and manually reset a counter — the next allocation just corrects for it. ## Trade-off Every allocation now does a scan to find the current maximum, instead of a pure increment. Worth it for the guarantee that IDs never collide even after the counter itself gets out of sync. - **resync check before each allocation:** max(stored counter, highest numeric suffix already in the table) Part of - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Make a machine credential structurally unable to pass as a human one" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/separate-machine-from-human-identity description: "A system with both human users and machine/service clients needs a leaked machine credential to be unable to impersonate a human." --- # Make a machine credential structurally unable to pass as a human one A system with both human users and machine/service clients needs a leaked machine credential to be unable to impersonate a human. Machine identity is carried in a token claim that can only come from the token itself, never a request body, and the human-session check explicitly excludes that credential type — structurally impossible, not just policy. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A system that serves both human users and machine or service clients needs a way to tell the two apart — and a leaked machine credential shouldn't be usable to impersonate a human, even by accident. ## Decision Machine identity is carried in a token claim that can only originate from the token itself — never accepted from a request body — and the code path that checks for a valid human session explicitly excludes that credential type, rather than treating "authenticated" as one undifferentiated bucket. ## Why A leaked machine token literally cannot be pasted somewhere and pass as a human login. That's not a policy someone has to remember to enforce — it's structurally impossible given how the identity is carried and checked. ## Trade-off Two distinct credential-checking code paths to maintain instead of one unified "is this request authenticated" check. Part of - [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them" url: https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only description: "A system can infer relationships from existing data — implicit orderings baked into config — that look plausible but were never confirmed by a domain expert." --- # Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them A system can infer relationships from existing data — implicit orderings baked into config — that look plausible but were never confirmed by a domain expert. Mark such inferences explicitly unconfirmed and keep any automation that would act on them read-only until a domain expert actually confirms them, rather than letting the inference stand in. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · August 29, 2026 ## Context A system can infer relationships or rules from existing data — implicit orderings baked into configuration, patterns that look consistent across records — without those relationships ever having been confirmed by someone who actually knows the business. ## Decision Explicitly mark such inferences as unconfirmed, and keep any automation that would act on them in a read-only or advisory state until a domain expert actually confirms them. Building the enforcing version of that automation is deliberately deferred. ## Why An inferred rule that turns out wrong, and is already gating real users' actions, is worse than having no rule at all — it fails confidently instead of failing obviously. ## Trade-off Slower to get automated enforcement live, and it requires someone to actually do the confirmation step rather than letting the inference quietly stand in for it indefinitely. Seen in practice - [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) - [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) Part of - [RAG and knowledge graphs over your business](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Privacy policy | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/privacy description: "How Ahrom Labs collects and uses personal data: website forms, business outreach by email and WhatsApp, meetings, analytics and the systems we build for…" --- # Privacy policy Ahrom Labs builds operational software for manufacturers and traders. This page explains what personal data we collect, why, who helps us process it, and how to have it corrected or deleted. Last updated 16 October 2026. ## Who we are Ahrom Labs, based in Ahmedabad, India. For anything about your data, write to [pujan@ahromlabs.com](mailto:pujan@ahromlabs.com). ## What we collect and why **Contact and demo forms.** Your email address and message, and on the demo forms your name, company, phone number and what you are looking for. We use them to reply and to follow up on your enquiry. If you give a WhatsApp number and tick the box, we may also reply and send occasional updates about our work on WhatsApp. **Business outreach.** We write to businesses we think we can help, using business contact details (name, role, work email, company phone) from public company records and business data providers. Every outreach email has an unsubscribe link, and replying “no” also stops it. Once you opt out we keep your address on a never-contact list so you are not contacted again. **WhatsApp.** We message people on WhatsApp only when they wrote to us first or agreed to it. Messages are about your enquiry, a meeting, or occasional updates on our work. Reply “stop” at any time and we will not message you again. **Meetings.** When you book a call, Google Calendar records your name, email and the time you chose. **Analytics.** Google Analytics runs only after you accept it. It records pages visited and how the site is used, not who you are. **Systems we build for clients.** Business data in a client’s system is used to run and support that system. Outside that, we use it only anonymised and aggregated. ## Who processes it for us Cloudflare (website, database and email sending), Google (email, calendar and analytics), Meta (WhatsApp), and an AI service reached through OpenRouter that reads replies to our emails and WhatsApp messages so we can answer the important ones first. They process data on our behalf; we do not sell personal data to anyone. ## How long we keep it As long as the conversation or work with you continues, and then only what we need for our records. Outreach contacts are removed on request; the never-contact list is kept so we respect your choice. ## Your choices Under India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023, you can ask to see the data we hold about you, correct it, have it deleted, or withdraw consent you gave. Email [pujan@ahromlabs.com](mailto:pujan@ahromlabs.com) and we will respond within 30 days. ## Changes If this policy changes, we update this page and the date at the top. --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Services: custom ERP, CRM, analytics and AI | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services description: "Custom ERP and CRM, TallyPrime integration, multi-company finance, AI document extraction and document search for Indian manufacturers and traders." --- # What we build Ahrom Labs builds operations and accounting systems for Indian manufacturers and trading groups. We take a business from basic, compliant record-keeping to analytics and AI — ERP and CRM, TallyPrime integration, document extraction, and search across drawings, certificates and past quotations — all on one model of how the business actually works. The system fits the way your business already works, not the other way round. Every client claim below links to the engineering note it comes from. ## From compliant records to AI, on one model 1. 01 ### Accounting and compliance core One accounting and compliance layer shared across the systems we build: GST, TDS and tax rates from a single human-verified registry, GST returns, e-way bills, and TallyPrime connected four ways — or made optional. - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) 2. 02 ### Operations and workflow The work itself: projects, production, purchasing, freight, workers and approvals, modeled as workflows with owners and state. - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) - [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) - [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) - [Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) 3. 03 ### Analytics and operational intelligence Reporting through to advanced analytics on the same model: anomaly detection, confidence scoring and the numbers owners actually decide with. - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) 4. 04 ### AI: extraction, RAG and knowledge graphs AI that reads documents, answers questions over your records and past decisions, and always leaves a person accountable for what gets posted. - [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [RAG and knowledge graphs over your business](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ### [One system for the whole business, from enquiry to dispatch](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems Any business that has outgrown spreadsheets and off-the-shelf software — where a few people are the only ones who know how everything connects. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) ## [Win orders and keep customers in the loop](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) Sales CRM, quotations and customer portal Systems for the selling side: every enquiry and quotation in one CRM with its full history, followed up on time, and a portal where customers follow their own order through every department, approve drawings, download documents and request quotes without phoning anyone. [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) ### [Every enquiry followed up, every quotation findable](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations Sales teams whose history lives in an old CRM, an Excel tracker and people's phones, so nobody can see what a customer was quoted last year before they call. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ### [Customers follow their order and ask for quotes, without calling you](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) Customer portal and online quote requests Manufacturers and traders whose sales team spends its day answering "where is my order?" on the phone, with the answer already sitting in the factory's own records. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ## [Buy at the right price and know what's in stock](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) Procurement, supplier portal and inventory Systems for buying and holding stock: suppliers who quote on a private link and see their PO when it's issued, stock tracked unit by unit with QR labels across more than one store, and stock reserved against each customer order before it ships. [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) ### [Suppliers quote on a link and see their PO when you accept](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders Manufacturers and traders who collect quotes as WhatsApp photos and PDFs, compare them in a spreadsheet, and call suppliers to ask whether the material has left. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ### [Stock you can scan, set aside for each customer order](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations Traders and distributors who know roughly what's in stock, but not which reel, box or shelf, or which of it is already promised to a customer. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ## [Know what goes into everything you make](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) BOM management and material traceability Systems for whatever you make: bills of materials built from your own Excel sheets, and materials traced from the day they arrive to the finished product, with usable offcuts going back into stock for the next job instead of being bought again. [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) ### [Every plate, cut and offcut accounted for](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) Material traceability, cutting and remnant management Fabricators and manufacturers who re-buy plate they already have as offcuts, because nobody can find a remnant of the right size when the next job needs it. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ### [A BOM built from your own Excel sheets that learns your categories](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) BOM import and multi-level bill of materials Manufacturers whose BOMs live in Excel files that every department copies and edits, so nobody is sure which version Procurement is buying from. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ## [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) Accounting, GST, TallyPrime and payroll The accounting and compliance layer under every system we build: GST and TDS from the work already entered, TallyPrime connected so nothing is typed twice, receivables and payables always current, group companies on one set of books, and daily-wage attendance turned into payroll. [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ### [GST returns and TDS, prepared from the work you already enter](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in Manufacturers and traders who enter every purchase and sale twice — once in operations, once in Tally — and reconcile the two every month. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) ### [Your software and Tally in sync, with no double entry](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) TallyPrime integration for cloud apps Indian businesses whose accounts live in TallyPrime but whose sales, purchase or operations work has moved to a web app — and who are tired of re-keying the same invoice twice. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) ### [Sister concerns, one set of books, and staff see only their part](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) Multi-company finance and role-scoped access Families and partners running two or more related businesses out of one office, who need one view of the money without every employee seeing all of it. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) ### [Who owes you and who you owe, always current, straight from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime Owners and sales teams who need to know who owes what before they call a customer, but can only find out by asking the accountant to open Tally. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ### [Daily-wage attendance and payroll without a register](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll Workshops, contractors and design studios that keep attendance in a notebook and work out wages and advances by hand at the end of the month. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ## [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) AI assistants and analytics for operations An assistant built into your own system that answers from your records, in English or Hinglish, without ever inventing a number; and on the same records, reports that flag overcharges against agreed rates and AI that reads purchase documents for a person to check. [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ### [An assistant built on your own records that never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) Custom AI assistant over your business data Owners and staff who want to ask "how did this month compare with last?" or "what do I have tomorrow?" and get the real answer, in English or Hinglish, without opening five screens. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) ### [Your numbers, without anyone building an Excel sheet first](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) Analytics and operational intelligence Owners who already have the data but decide on gut feel, because every report means someone stitching exports together by hand. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) ### [Purchase bills read by AI, checked by your accountant before posting](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) AI document extraction with human review Trading, import-export and manufacturing businesses whose accounts team spends its day typing GST invoices, customs paperwork and bank statements into Tally. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ### [Search your documents and past decisions, with the source shown](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) RAG and knowledge graphs over your business Businesses whose know-how lives in documents, inboxes and a few senior people's heads, and who want an assistant that answers from their own data rather than the internet. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ## Free guides to the work Written from the systems we run, checked against the official texts, and free to use without talking to us. - [IBR 2026 guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr) All 34 forms of the Indian Boiler Regulations, 2026 with their IBR 1950 numbers, what changed, registration documents and record keeping, quoted from the Gazette. - [Interior BOQ guide](https://ahromlabs.com/boq) How to write a bill of quantities contractors price the same way: 41 items in 9 trades, a free checker and an Excel template. - [ERP requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp) 71 testable requirements for Indian manufacturers and traders, a builder, an Excel scorecard and the GST and company-law rules quoted. - [AI assistants guide](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant) How an assistant on your records should answer, a check for made-up numbers, 82 questions to ask it and a vendor test. ## How an engagement runs Every engagement starts by [modeling the business](https://ahromlabs.com/approach): its [entities](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#entity), the [workflows](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#workflow) that move work between people, and the [decisions](https://ahromlabs.com/systems#decision) that change what happens next. That model becomes the specification, agreed before anything is built, so the structure isn't renegotiated halfway through. Ahrom Labs takes on a small number of engagements at a time. The person who models your business is the same person who writes the code and answers your first message: [Pujan Motiwala, Principal](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala), based in Ahmedabad and working with clients across India. Work is priced in fixed phases after the modeling phase, and the licence, the server and support run under an annual maintenance contract. [Pricing, timelines, licensing and support in full](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "BOM import and multi-level bill of materials | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel description: "We turn the bill-of-materials sheets a manufacturer already keeps in Excel into a structured, multi-level BOM: lines are categorised against the item…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Know what goes into everything you make](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) # BOM import and multi-level bill of materials A BOM built from your own Excel sheets that learns your categories - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) - [Offcuts and traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [BOM from Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) We turn the bill-of-materials sheets a manufacturer already keeps in Excel into a structured, multi-level BOM: lines are categorised against the item catalogue, typos are suggested only for narrowly trusted shapes, and one confirmed correction is remembered for every later import. Releases are frozen as snapshots. Who it's for: Manufacturers whose BOMs live in Excel files that every department copies and edits, so nobody is sure which version Procurement is buying from. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Engineering: BOM tree, item master and release Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Upload the BOM sheet you already keep in Excel. 2. 02 Lines are matched to your item catalogue and grouped into systems and sub-assemblies. 3. 03 Typos are suggested only in trusted shapes, and one confirmed correction is remembered. 4. 04 A released BOM is frozen as a snapshot that Procurement and Stores work from. ## The numbers - **Real client BOM files imported through the UI:** 6 - **Confirmations needed to learn a correction:** 1 - **Built for:** A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer What to require from any vendor for this: [3 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-bom-import), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Do we have to retype our BOMs?:** No. The system reads the sheets you already have; six real client BOM files have gone through it. - **What happens to a typo like PALTE?:** A correction is suggested only for a one-character slip or two swapped letters, and remembered after one confirmation. A looser rule was rejected because it matched PALTE to VALVE as readily as to PLATE. - **Which version is Procurement buying from?:** The released one. Each release is frozen as a snapshot, so later edits don't change what was sent out to buy. How it works, in detail - [Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system) Built for - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) Next in know what goes into everything you make [Back to the overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Procurement, supplier portal and inventory | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores description: "Systems for buying and holding stock: suppliers who quote on a private link and see their PO when it's issued, stock tracked unit by unit with QR labels…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) # Buy at the right price and know what's in stock Procurement, supplier portal and inventory Systems for buying and holding stock: suppliers who quote on a private link and see their PO when it's issued, stock tracked unit by unit with QR labels across more than one store, and stock reserved against each customer order before it ships. - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) - [Supplier link](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [QR inventory](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) ## [Suppliers quote on a link and see their PO when you accept](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders Manufacturers and traders who collect quotes as WhatsApp photos and PDFs, compare them in a spreadsheet, and call suppliers to ask whether the material has left. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ## [Stock you can scan, set aside for each customer order](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations Traders and distributors who know roughly what's in stock, but not which reel, box or shelf, or which of it is already promised to a customer. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting description: "We build accounting and statutory compliance into the operations system itself: ledger, GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, ITC reconciliation, TDS, reverse charge, fixed…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) # GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in GST returns and TDS, prepared from the work you already enter - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST and TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Tally sync](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Group companies](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Receivables](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) We build accounting and statutory compliance into the operations system itself: ledger, GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, ITC reconciliation, TDS, reverse charge, fixed assets, bank reconciliation, audit log and books lock — and industry filings such as a boiler's IBR forms, built from a bank of material test certificates. Tally becomes optional. Rates come from a human-verified registry. Who it's for: Manufacturers and traders who enter every purchase and sale twice — once in operations, once in Tally — and reconcile the two every month. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Accounts: ledger, GST returns, receivables and payables Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Sales, purchases and stock are entered once, in the operations system. 2. 02 The ledger posts from those same records, with GST and TDS rates from one human-verified registry, pulled daily. 3. 03 GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, ITC reconciliation, the TDS register and 23 reports and documents are generated from the same data. 4. 04 A filed period can be locked, and every change is kept in the audit log. ## The numbers - **Reports and documents from one computation each:** 23 - **GST returns:** GSTR-1 (B2B and HSN) and GSTR-3B - **Bank reconciliation:** Auto-matched only when mutually unique; the rest go to a person - **Industry filings:** IBR 2026 Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B (Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950), from a bank of material test certificates - **Statutory rates:** GST by HSN, vendor TDS, income-tax and professional-tax slabs, PF/ESI — one verified registry, pulled daily - **E-way bills:** Direct NIC client built to the official v1.03 spec; live once the NIC account is set up What to require from any vendor for this: [9 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-statutory-folder), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Where do the GST and TDS rates come from?:** One registry. A person checks each change against the actual CBIC or CBDT notification, it goes live only once approved, and systems pull approved rates daily. A wrong rate is retracted, never quietly edited. - **Can it prepare a boiler's IBR forms?:** Yes. The statutory folder (cover letter and IBR 2026 Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B (Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950)) is produced from a bank of material test certificates. A person adds the parts, and a folder takes minutes instead of being typed by hand. - **Do we still need Tally?:** No, Tally becomes optional. The operations system can be the book of record, with Tally kept as a sync target if your accountant prefers to work there. How it works, in detail - [Keeping GST, TDS and income-tax rates current across every system](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/statutory-rates-across-systems) - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) - [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) - [Keep statutory rates in one human-approved registry that deployments pull from — don't scrape them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-verified-statutory-rates) - [Auto-apply a match only when it's mutually unique — everything else goes to a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/auto-match-only-when-mutually-unique) - [One computed result, several renderers — never recalculate a report per format](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-once-render-many) Built for - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) Next in keep the books, gst and wages right the first time [Your software and Tally in sync, with no double entry](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Custom AI assistant over your business data | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant description: "We build assistants into the systems we deliver that answer questions from the business's own records." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) # Custom AI assistant over your business data An assistant built on your own records that never invents a number - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) - [AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Analytics](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document reading](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Document search](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) We build assistants into the systems we deliver that answer questions from the business's own records. A small model only picks the question type, look-up and period; code runs a fixed query with the same maths as the screens, so figures always match. Running at Savistar & Saag and LS Technologies, each with its own look-ups and voice. Who it's for: Owners and staff who want to ask "how did this month compare with last?" or "what do I have tomorrow?" and get the real answer, in English or Hinglish, without opening five screens. Try it yourself - [Interior design and furniture demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Two free questions to Atelier AI, from any sample login - [Electronics trading demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Two free questions to Ohm AI, from any sample login - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Two free questions to Ember AI, live data from a sample company Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Someone asks a question in plain English or Hinglish. 2. 02 A small decision model picks only the kind of question, the look-up, the company and the period. 3. 03 Code runs a fixed query with the same maths as the app's screens and shows the answer as a table. 4. 04 An optional sentence in the assistant's voice is shown only if every number in it is in the table. ## The numbers - **Routing test (Savistar & Saag):** 55 of 55 test questions and 57 unseen real phrasings, including Hinglish - **Who writes the numbers:** Code — fixed look-ups, never the model - **Written answers with a number not in the data:** Dropped - **Running at:** Atelier AI at Savistar & Saag, Ohm AI at LS Technologies; Ember AI, with how-to answers, at a boiler manufacturer What to require from any vendor for this: [1 line on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-assistant-no-invented-numbers), each with the test to ask for in a demo. Testing any vendor's assistant: [check an answer for made-up numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check), the [questions to ask](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions) and the [vendor test](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/vendor-test). ## Questions buyers ask - **Can the assistant get a number wrong?:** The model never writes the numbers. Code runs fixed look-ups with the same maths as the screens, and any written line with a number that isn't in the data is dropped. - **What can staff ask?:** Only about their own tasks and their own cash entries. Payroll and bank statements are refused to them, as they are on the screens. - **Can the assistant change our data?:** No. The assistant only reads data: look-ups never write. A reminder or note is drafted, and nothing is saved until the person presses Save. How it works, in detail - [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading - [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) — Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies Industries - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) Next in ask your own records, and get the real numbers [Your numbers, without anyone building an Excel sheet first](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm description: "We build the operational system a business runs on — clients, vendors, workers, orders, projects, purchasing, inventory, production, freight and finance …" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) # Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems One system for the whole business, from enquiry to dispatch We build the operational system a business runs on — clients, vendors, workers, orders, projects, purchasing, inventory, production, freight and finance — on one data model instead of a stack of disconnected tools. We model the business first; that model becomes the specification. Built so far for boiler manufacturing, PCB and electronics trading, and interior design. Who it's for: Any business that has outgrown spreadsheets and off-the-shelf software — where a few people are the only ones who know how everything connects. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Owner / Manager to see every department - [Electronics trading demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Owner - [Interior design and furniture demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Owner Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 We map how the business actually runs: its people, records, workflows and decisions, before any screen is designed. 2. 02 That map becomes the specification you agree before building, so the structure isn't renegotiated halfway through. 3. 03 We build in phases on one data model: first the records that must be right, then the work your people do every day. 4. 04 It runs alongside your current tools. Tally can stay as the books, and the system is looked after under an annual maintenance contract. ## The numbers - **Systems built:** 4, for 3 clients: LS Technologies (two systems), Savistar & Saag (one shared system for the sister companies) and a boiler manufacturer - **Industries:** Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing, PCB and electronics trading, interior design, furniture - **Outstanding balances:** Computed from source transactions at read time, not stored as a running total ## Questions buyers ask - **Should we use TallyPrime, ERPNext or a custom system?:** Stay on TallyPrime if you need accounting with simple stock. Choose ERPNext or Odoo when your processes match what they ship. Build custom when the workflow is the business, such as IBR paperwork or tracking every plate and offcut. - **Do we have to replace Tally?:** Rarely. In the systems we've built, Tally can stay as the books, and approved invoices post into it within 30 seconds. - **Who builds and supports it?:** The person who maps your business writes the code and answers your messages: Pujan Motiwala, in Ahmedabad. Support runs under an annual maintenance contract. How it works, in detail - [Tally, ERPNext, Odoo or a custom ERP: how a manufacturer should choose](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-vs-erpnext-vs-custom-erp) - [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) - [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) - [Queue the original request, replay it through the same handler on approval](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/replay-queued-payload-through-existing-handler) - [Re-derive a sequence counter from the data itself before trusting it](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/self-healing-sequence-counters) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading - [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) — Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) The parts of the system - [Win orders and keep customers in the loop](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) - [Buy at the right price and know what's in stock](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) - [Know what goes into everything you make](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) - [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Customer portal and online quote requests | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal description: "We give each customer a login to track their order status online, as plain-language stages worked out from the records each department already keeps." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Win orders and keep customers in the loop](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) # Customer portal and online quote requests Customers follow their order and ask for quotes, without calling you - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) - [Sales CRM](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) We give each customer a login to track their order status online, as plain-language stages worked out from the records each department already keeps. Customers approve drawings, upload their own, download QC certificates, packing lists and invoices, and request quotes from the product range. Running at a boiler manufacturer and at LS Technologies. Who it's for: Manufacturers and traders whose sales team spends its day answering "where is my order?" on the phone, with the answer already sitting in the factory's own records. Try it yourself - [Electronics trading demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Customer portal: order progress, no stock figures Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Sales switches on a login for each customer, who sets their own password from a one-time link. 2. 02 The customer sees each order as plain-language stages, worked out from what each department records. 3. 03 Drawings, certificates, packing lists and invoices appear as they're released; drawings can be approved or uploaded. 4. 04 Signed-in customers can browse the product range and request a quote, which reaches Sales as an enquiry. ## The numbers - **Stages a boiler customer sees:** 9, from Order Received to Commissioning - **Where each stage's status comes from:** The department's own records — never typed for the customer - **What a customer can do:** Approve drawings, upload their own, download documents, request a quote - **Built for:** A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer; LS Technologies (electronics trading) What to require from any vendor for this: [4 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-documents), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Does someone have to update the portal?:** No. Each stage reads the department's own records, such as finished job card stages or dispatched packing lists, so nobody types a status for the customer. - **What can't the customer see?:** Other customers' orders, notes between departments, internal costs and stock figures. - **Does it work for traders as well as manufacturers?:** Yes. At LS Technologies, customers see each line of their purchase order as reserved, in procurement or dispatched, with a progress bar. How it works, in detail - [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) - [Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Next in win orders and keep customers in the loop [Back to the overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll description: "We build attendance and payroll for workshops and studios that pay by the day: one-tap attendance, a work log of who worked on which order, advances…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) # Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll Daily-wage attendance and payroll without a register - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST and TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Tally sync](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Group companies](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Receivables](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) We build attendance and payroll for workshops and studios that pay by the day: one-tap attendance, a work log of who worked on which order, advances recorded as they're given, and payroll computed from days worked times the rate, minus advances, so the register and the payout can't disagree. Who it's for: Workshops, contractors and design studios that keep attendance in a notebook and work out wages and advances by hand at the end of the month. Try it yourself - [Interior design and furniture demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) People: attendance, work logs, advances and last month's payroll Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Mark attendance with one tap: present, half day or absent. 2. 02 Log who worked on which order, and on which part. 3. 03 Record advances as they're given. 4. 04 Payroll is worked out as days worked times the rate, minus advances. ## The numbers - **Payroll:** Computed: days × rate − advances, never typed - **Work log:** Per order: who worked on which part, when - **Built for:** Savistar & Saag (interior design and furniture) What to require from any vendor for this: [2 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#payroll-computed), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Do we still need the attendance register?:** No. Attendance, work logs and advances are recorded as they happen, and payroll is worked out from them. - **Can it calculate daily wages for contract labour and karigars?:** Yes. Karigars, helpers and contract labour paid by the day each get a daily rate, and their wages are calculated from attendance: days present, a half day counting as half, times the rate, minus advances. It doesn't calculate PF or ESI. - **Mazdoor ki hajri aur pagar ka hisaab ho sakta hai?:** Yes. Hajri (attendance) is marked with one tap each day, and pagar (wages) is worked out from it: days present times the daily rate, minus any advance already given. - **How are advances recovered?:** They're subtracted in payroll automatically, so nobody has to remember them at month end. - **Does it handle salaried staff too?:** Yes. Each person is set up on either a salary or a daily wage. How it works, in detail - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Built for - [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) — Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies Industries - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) Next in keep the books, gst and wages right the first time [Back to the overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI document extraction with human review | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction description: "We build AI extraction for purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders and bank statements." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) # AI document extraction with human review Purchase bills read by AI, checked by your accountant before posting - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) - [AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Analytics](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document reading](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Document search](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) We build AI extraction for purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders and bank statements. An LLM reads the PDF directly, with a prompt per document type. 88–95% of documents need zero correction, and every one still waits for a person to approve it before anything is posted to the books. Who it's for: Trading, import-export and manufacturing businesses whose accounts team spends its day typing GST invoices, customs paperwork and bank statements into Tally. ## How it works 1. 01 A PDF arrives, uploaded in the browser or forwarded from a phone. 2. 02 An AI model reads the PDF directly, with instructions for each type of document. 3. 03 A person checks the extracted fields on screen and approves them. 4. 04 Approved documents post into Tally as vouchers. Nothing is posted without approval. ## The numbers - **Purchase order, zero-correction rate:** 95% - **Purchase invoice, zero-correction rate:** 94% - **Freight invoice, zero-correction rate:** 91% - **Bank statement, zero-correction rate:** 89% - **Bill of entry, zero-correction rate:** 88% - **Documents posted without human approval:** None What to require from any vendor for this: [2 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-extraction-review), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **How accurate is it?:** 88–95% of documents need no correction, depending on the type: purchase orders highest at 95%, bills of entry lowest at 88%. - **Which documents can it read?:** Purchase invoices, freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders and bank statements. - **Does anything get posted on its own?:** No. Every document waits for a person to approve it before it reaches the books. How it works, in detail - [AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop) - [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) - [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) - [Let one deliberate human correction teach the system — but only for narrowly trusted error shapes](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/one-confirmation-teaches-the-system) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Next in ask your own records, and get the real numbers [Search your documents and past decisions, with the source shown](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations description: "We build inventory systems that track each physical unit — a reel, a box, a plate — with its own QR label, moved by scanning from a phone across more than…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Buy at the right price and know what's in stock](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) # QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations Stock you can scan, set aside for each customer order - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) - [Supplier link](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [QR inventory](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) We build inventory systems that track each physical unit — a reel, a box, a plate — with its own QR label, moved by scanning from a phone across more than one store. Staff entries wait for a manager's approval, stock is reserved against each customer order line, and the shortfall becomes a procurement order. Who it's for: Traders and distributors who know roughly what's in stock, but not which reel, box or shelf, or which of it is already promised to a customer. Try it yourself - [Electronics trading demo](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Store staff to scan reels; as Owner to see reservations Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Each reel or box gets its own number and QR label the moment it's received. 2. 02 Stock moves by scanning with a phone or scanner: in, out, and between stores. 3. 03 Staff entries wait for a manager's approval; managers' own entries go through at once. 4. 04 Stock is reserved against customer order lines, and the shortfall becomes a procurement order. ## The numbers - **Live reels moved to a two-store model:** 5,256, none lost - **How stock moves:** Scan into a cart with a phone camera or scanner - **Reservations:** Whole reels per customer PO line, oldest first; shipping one elsewhere needs a manager's override - **Built for:** LS Technologies (electronics trading) What to require from any vendor for this: [7 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-need-to-request), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Why track each reel instead of a quantity?:** Customers order quantities, but the store ships reels of different sizes. Knowing each reel tells you which ones can fill an order. - **Can we hold stock in more than one place?:** Yes. LS Technologies runs two stores, one at a partner's site, and every move between them is logged reel by reel. - **Can stock promised to one customer go to another?:** Not without a manager's override. A reserved reel shows as reserved the moment it's scanned. How it works, in detail - [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading Industries - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Next in buy at the right price and know what's in stock [Back to the overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "BOM management and material traceability | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering description: "Systems for whatever you make: bills of materials built from your own Excel sheets, and materials traced from the day they arrive to the finished product…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) # Know what goes into everything you make BOM management and material traceability Systems for whatever you make: bills of materials built from your own Excel sheets, and materials traced from the day they arrive to the finished product, with usable offcuts going back into stock for the next job instead of being bought again. - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) - [Offcuts and traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [BOM from Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) ## [Every plate, cut and offcut accounted for](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) Material traceability, cutting and remnant management Fabricators and manufacturers who re-buy plate they already have as offcuts, because nobody can find a remnant of the right size when the next job needs it. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ## [A BOM built from your own Excel sheets that learns your categories](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) BOM import and multi-level bill of materials Manufacturers whose BOMs live in Excel files that every department copies and edits, so nobody is sure which version Procurement is buying from. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Material traceability, cutting and remnant management" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability description: "We track cut material piece by piece: each plate or section carries its dimensions, every cut records what was used and what usable remnant was kept…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Know what goes into everything you make](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) # Material traceability, cutting and remnant management Every plate, cut and offcut accounted for - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/making-and-delivering) - [Offcuts and traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [BOM from Excel](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) We track cut material piece by piece: each plate or section carries its dimensions, every cut records what was used and what usable remnant was kept, weights are derived from geometry, remnants go back into stock and are matched to the next job, and each used piece is costed by weight. Who it's for: Fabricators and manufacturers who re-buy plate they already have as offcuts, because nobody can find a remnant of the right size when the next job needs it. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Production for cutting, or Stores for remnants Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Each plate or section is stored as a piece with its own dimensions. 2. 02 At each cut, the operator records what was used and the usable remnant; weights are worked out from the geometry. 3. 03 Remnants go back into stock and are matched to waiting bill-of-materials lines before anything is bought. 4. 04 Each used piece is costed by its share of the source piece's weight. ## The numbers - **Live cut test:** 157.00 kg → 127.17 used + 15.70 remnant + 14.13 scrap - **Weights typed by the operator:** None — derived from dimensions and density - **Built for:** A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer What to require from any vendor for this: [3 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#production-cutting-remnants), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Do operators weigh every piece?:** No. Weight comes from dimensions and density, so used, remnant and scrap always add back up to the source. - **Can offcuts be used again instead of buying new plate?:** Yes. Each offcut is matched against BOM lines still waiting for material, least waste first. Only the shortfall goes to Procurement to buy. - **Can a part be traced back to its plate?:** Yes. Every cut piece is linked to the piece it was cut from. How it works, in detail - [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Built for - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) Next in know what goes into everything you make [A BOM built from your own Excel sheets that learns your categories](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Accounting, GST, TallyPrime and payroll | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people description: "The accounting and compliance layer under every system we build: GST and TDS from the work already entered, TallyPrime connected so nothing is typed twice…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) # Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time Accounting, GST, TallyPrime and payroll The accounting and compliance layer under every system we build: GST and TDS from the work already entered, TallyPrime connected so nothing is typed twice, receivables and payables always current, group companies on one set of books, and daily-wage attendance turned into payroll. - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST and TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Tally sync](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Group companies](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Receivables](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) ## [GST returns and TDS, prepared from the work you already enter](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in Manufacturers and traders who enter every purchase and sale twice — once in operations, once in Tally — and reconcile the two every month. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) ## [Your software and Tally in sync, with no double entry](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) TallyPrime integration for cloud apps Indian businesses whose accounts live in TallyPrime but whose sales, purchase or operations work has moved to a web app — and who are tired of re-keying the same invoice twice. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) ## [Sister concerns, one set of books, and staff see only their part](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) Multi-company finance and role-scoped access Families and partners running two or more related businesses out of one office, who need one view of the money without every employee seeing all of it. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) ## [Who owes you and who you owe, always current, straight from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime Owners and sales teams who need to know who owes what before they call a customer, but can only find out by asking the accountant to open Tally. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ## [Daily-wage attendance and payroll without a register](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll Workshops, contractors and design studios that keep attendance in a notebook and work out wages and advances by hand at the end of the month. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Multi-company finance and role-scoped access | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance description: "We build finance systems for sister concerns and group companies: one shared client list and ledger, with each invoice carrying the right company's…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) # Multi-company finance and role-scoped access Sister concerns, one set of books, and staff see only their part - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST and TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Tally sync](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Group companies](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Receivables](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) We build finance systems for sister concerns and group companies: one shared client list and ledger, with each invoice carrying the right company's letterhead and GSTIN. Who can see what is enforced where the data is fetched, not hidden in the screen — staff see only their own cash entries, and bank data is refused to them outright. Who it's for: Families and partners running two or more related businesses out of one office, who need one view of the money without every employee seeing all of it. Try it yourself - [Interior design and furniture demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Print an invoice on either company's sample letterhead; sign in as Office to see staff-only cash Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Both companies share one client list and one ledger. 2. 02 Each invoice is issued under the company chosen for it, with that company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN. 3. 03 Staff see only their own cash entries; owners and managers see everything. 4. 04 Bank data is refused to staff by the system itself, not just hidden on the screen. ## The numbers - **Staff view of the cash ledger:** Own entries only, enforced in the API query - **Staff access to bank data:** None — every bank route rejects staff - **Companies per invoice:** Chosen per invoice: letterhead, logo, GSTIN What to require from any vendor for this: [2 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-multi-company), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Why one book instead of two systems?:** When the same owners run both companies from one office with the same clients, one book gives one view of the money, and each invoice still carries the right company's details. - **Can staff see the bank balance?:** No. Every bank screen and request rejects staff, so the data can't be reached even by calling the system directly. - **Does each company keep its own GST details?:** Yes. Each invoice carries the letterhead, logo and GSTIN of the company it was issued under. How it works, in detail - [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) - [Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) - [Make a machine credential structurally unable to pass as a human one](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/separate-machine-from-human-identity) Built for - [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) — Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies Industries - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) Next in keep the books, gst and wages right the first time [Who owes you and who you owe, always current, straight from Tally](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Analytics and operational intelligence | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence description: "Once the business runs on one model, analytics stops being a spreadsheet export." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) # Analytics and operational intelligence Your numbers, without anyone building an Excel sheet first - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) - [AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Analytics](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document reading](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Document search](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) Once the business runs on one model, analytics stops being a spreadsheet export. We build reporting through to advanced analytics on the operational data itself: charges flagged automatically against reference rates, match suggestions ranked by a Laplace-smoothed confidence score, and reports computed from the transactions themselves, so every figure can be traced back. Who it's for: Owners who already have the data but decide on gut feel, because every report means someone stitching exports together by hand. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Owner / Manager for the executive page - [Interior design and furniture demo](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Vendors: one freight trip is overcharged on purpose Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Reports read the same transactions the business runs on, so every figure traces back to its records. 2. 02 Every vendor and freight charge is compared with its agreed reference rate, and anything above it is flagged. 3. 03 What each milestone is waiting on is worked out fresh every time someone looks. 4. 04 Match suggestions are ranked by a confidence score built from past approvals. ## The numbers - **Overcharge detection:** Every vendor and freight charge compared against a reference rate; deviations flagged - **Confidence scoring:** (approvals+1) / (approvals+rejections+2) ≥ 0.75, minimum 3 approvals - **Workflow blockers:** What each milestone is waiting on, computed fresh on every read - **Material yield:** Every cut conserved: 157.00 kg → 127.17 used + 15.70 remnant + 14.13 scrap - **Built for:** Boiler manufacturing, interior design and furniture (Savistar & Saag) What to require from any vendor for this: [3 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-rate-check), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **How are overcharges caught?:** Each vendor and freight charge is compared with the reference rate for that vendor or route, and anything above it is flagged for a person to check. - **Can we trust the figures?:** Reports are computed from the transactions themselves, not from a total kept on the side, so every figure can be traced to the records behind it. - **What does an owner see?:** One page: projects on track, at risk or delayed, dispatches due this month, the order book, money outstanding and the sales funnel. How it works, in detail - [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) - [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) - [Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) - [Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reference-rate-anomaly-detection) - [Compute a balance from source transactions at read time, don't store a running total](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/derive-balances-dont-store-them) Built for - [Savistar & Saag](https://ahromlabs.com/work#savistar-saag) — Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) Next in ask your own records, and get the real numbers [Purchase bills read by AI, checked by your accountant before posting](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "RAG and knowledge graphs over your business | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs description: "Every system we build starts as a model of entities, relationships and decisions — which is already the schema of a knowledge graph." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Ask your own records, and get the real numbers](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) # RAG and knowledge graphs over your business Search your documents and past decisions, with the source shown - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) - [AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Analytics](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document reading](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Document search](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) Every system we build starts as a model of entities, relationships and decisions — which is already the schema of a knowledge graph. We build retrieval (RAG) and knowledge-graph layers on top, so people and AI agents can ask questions of your records, documents and past decisions and get answers that cite where they came from. Who it's for: Businesses whose know-how lives in documents, inboxes and a few senior people's heads, and who want an assistant that answers from their own data rather than the internet. ## How it works 1. 01 Every system we build starts as a model of things, relationships and decisions, which is already the shape of a knowledge graph. 2. 02 Documents and records are indexed for search, and each passage keeps a link to its source. 3. 03 Answers quote the record or document they came from. 4. 04 Relationships the system works out for itself stay marked unconfirmed, and read-only, until a person confirms them. ## The numbers - **Running on this site:** Search and chat over every published page (Ctrl/Cmd+K), and the same index as an MCP server for AI agents - **Running today:** Ahrom Labs' own decision corpus, which the AI coding agents in 4 client codebases are instructed to check before any new design - **Inferred relationships:** Marked unconfirmed and kept read-only until a person confirms them - **Answers:** Cite the record or document they came from What to require from any vendor for this: [1 line on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#reporting-ai-search), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Is this running anywhere?:** It runs on this site today: search and chat over every published page (Ctrl or Cmd + K), and the same index as an MCP server that AI agents use. In a client system it is built on the same records the business already runs on, so drawings, certificates and past quotations become searchable with their source. - **How is it different from the AI assistant?:** The assistant answers questions about live records with fixed look-ups, such as this month's revenue. Search finds and quotes documents and past decisions, such as a drawing, a certificate or an old quotation, and shows where each came from. - **Can AI agents use it?:** Yes. The same index is available as an MCP server, so an AI agent can search it and cite the page it found. How it works, in detail - [Mark inferred rules unconfirmed, and keep them read-only until a person confirms them](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/unconfirmed-inferences-stay-read-only) - [AI drafts, a person confirms — never auto-post extracted data](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/human-confirmed-extraction) - [This site's MCP server card](https://ahromlabs.com/.well-known/mcp/server-card.json) - [Our own corpus, as machine-readable JSON](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) - [The modeling vocabulary: entities, relationships, decisions](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) Next in ask your own records, and get the real numbers [Back to the overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally description: "We copy the accounting position out of TallyPrime every few minutes and show it in the business system: receivables with ageing, payables, sales and…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) # Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime Who owes you and who you owe, always current, straight from Tally - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST and TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Tally sync](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Group companies](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Receivables](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) We copy the accounting position out of TallyPrime every few minutes and show it in the business system: receivables with ageing, payables, sales and purchase registers, cash and bank, and stock. Nobody has to open Tally to see it, and overdue bills can become payment-reminder tasks. Who it's for: Owners and sales teams who need to know who owes what before they call a customer, but can only find out by asking the accountant to open Tally. ## How it works 1. 01 The agent beside TallyPrime copies the accounting position out every few minutes. 2. 02 Receivables with ageing, payables, sales and purchase registers, cash, bank and stock appear in your business system. 3. 03 Overdue bills can become payment-reminder tasks for the team. 4. 04 If the Tally PC is off, the screens show the last sync and catch up when it's back. ## The numbers - **Voucher and outstanding sync:** 15 minutes - **Views:** Receivables with ageing, payables, sales and purchase registers, cash and bank, stock - **Built for:** LS Technologies (electronics trading) What to require from any vendor for this: [1 line on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#integrations-tally-receivables), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Does anyone need to open Tally?:** No. Sales sees who owes what in the business system, and Tally stays the books. - **How up to date is it?:** Vouchers and outstandings sync every 15 minutes and masters daily, as long as the Tally PC is on and logged in. - **Does it change our books?:** No. This view only reads from Tally. Posting into Tally is a separate step that a person approves. How it works, in detail - [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading Industries - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Next in keep the books, gst and wages right the first time [Daily-wage attendance and payroll without a register](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm description: "We build sales CRMs that hold every enquiry, follow-up and quotation against the customer, with the history moved in from old CRMs and Excel without guessing." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Win orders and keep customers in the loop](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) # Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations Every enquiry followed up, every quotation findable - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) - [Sales CRM](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) We build sales CRMs that hold every enquiry, follow-up and quotation against the customer, with the history moved in from old CRMs and Excel without guessing. Quotations go out as PDFs in your format; follow-ups are planned by the week; orders, payments and win/loss reports read the same records. Who it's for: Sales teams whose history lives in an old CRM, an Excel tracker and people's phones, so nobody can see what a customer was quoted last year before they call. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Sales: enquiries, quotations, sale orders and payments Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 History from your old CRM and Excel moves in, checked row by row; anything doubtful waits for a person. 2. 02 Every enquiry has one stage, with its history, from first contact to order. 3. 03 Follow-ups are planned by the week, and quotations go out as PDFs in your own format. 4. 04 Orders, payments, win/loss and funnel reports all read the same records. ## The numbers - **Old CRM diary rows recovered:** 20,167 of 20,167, including 154 a broken export had shifted - **Quotations imported:** 2,221 matched to exactly one customer; 303 held for review, not guessed - **Orders and payments from Excel:** 1,006 orders and 1,905 payments, five financial years - **Built for:** A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer; LS Technologies (electronics trading) What to require from any vendor for this: [5 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-single-history), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Can our old CRM and Excel history come with us?:** Yes. At a boiler manufacturer, all 20,167 old diary rows were recovered, the 2,221 quotations that matched exactly one customer were imported, and 303 doubtful ones were held for review instead of guessed. - **Can it take leads from IndiaMART, JustDial and WhatsApp?:** Yes. Connections to IndiaMART, TradeIndia, JustDial, WhatsApp and website forms are built: each enquiry lands in Sales, assigned in turn, once you add your own key, and WhatsApp conversations sit in an inbox inside the CRM. Another lead source can be connected the same way. - **Do quotations follow our format?:** Yes: your letterhead, your terms and conditions, GST lines and the amount in words, with every revision kept. How it works, in detail - [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) - [Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) - [Free interior BOQ checker: paste a BOQ, get a GST quotation](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/check) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Next in win orders and keep customers in the loop [Customers follow their order and ask for quotes, without calling you](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI assistants and analytics for operations | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking description: "An assistant built into your own system that answers from your records, in English or Hinglish, without ever inventing a number; and on the same records…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) # Ask your own records, and get the real numbers AI assistants and analytics for operations An assistant built into your own system that answers from your records, in English or Hinglish, without ever inventing a number; and on the same records, reports that flag overcharges against agreed rates and AI that reads purchase documents for a person to check. - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/seeing-and-asking) - [AI assistant](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) - [Analytics](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document reading](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Document search](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) ## [An assistant built on your own records that never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) Custom AI assistant over your business data Owners and staff who want to ask "how did this month compare with last?" or "what do I have tomorrow?" and get the real answer, in English or Hinglish, without opening five screens. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) ## [Your numbers, without anyone building an Excel sheet first](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) Analytics and operational intelligence Owners who already have the data but decide on gut feel, because every report means someone stitching exports together by hand. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) ## [Purchase bills read by AI, checked by your accountant before posting](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) AI document extraction with human review Trading, import-export and manufacturing businesses whose accounts team spends its day typing GST invoices, customs paperwork and bank statements into Tally. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ## [Search your documents and past decisions, with the source shown](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) RAG and knowledge graphs over your business Businesses whose know-how lives in documents, inboxes and a few senior people's heads, and who want an assistant that answers from their own data rather than the internet. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Sales CRM, quotations and customer portal | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers description: "Systems for the selling side: every enquiry and quotation in one CRM with its full history, followed up on time, and a portal where customers follow their…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) # Win orders and keep customers in the loop Sales CRM, quotations and customer portal Systems for the selling side: every enquiry and quotation in one CRM with its full history, followed up on time, and a portal where customers follow their own order through every department, approve drawings, download documents and request quotes without phoning anyone. - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/selling-and-customers) - [Sales CRM](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) ## [Every enquiry followed up, every quotation findable](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations Sales teams whose history lives in an old CRM, an Excel tracker and people's phones, so nobody can see what a customer was quoted last year before they call. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) [](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ## [Customers follow their order and ask for quotes, without calling you](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) Customer portal and online quote requests Manufacturers and traders whose sales team spends its day answering "where is my order?" on the phone, with the answer already sitting in the factory's own records. [How it works, the numbers and buyer questions](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal description: "We send each supplier a private link per request for quotation, by WhatsApp or email." --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Buy at the right price and know what's in stock](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) # Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders Suppliers quote on a link and see their PO when you accept - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/buying-and-stores) - [Supplier link](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [QR inventory](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) We send each supplier a private link per request for quotation, by WhatsApp or email. They enter rates with no account to create; quotes are compared side by side and the chosen one becomes the PO. The same link then shows the PO and records each dispatch with its LR number, so Stores knows what's on the way. Who it's for: Manufacturers and traders who collect quotes as WhatsApp photos and PDFs, compare them in a spreadsheet, and call suppliers to ask whether the material has left. Try it yourself - [Boiler manufacturing demo](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) Sign in as Procurement: RFQs, supplier quotes and purchase orders Sample company. Free. Resets every night. ## How it works 1. 01 Procurement picks the lines and suppliers, and each supplier gets a private link by WhatsApp or email. 2. 02 The supplier enters rates and delivery dates on the link, with no account to create. 3. 03 Quotes are compared side by side, and choosing one drafts the purchase order. 4. 04 The same link then shows the PO and records each dispatch, so Stores sees what's on the way. ## The numbers - **What a supplier needs:** The link — no login, no account, no app - **Quote to PO:** Choosing a quote drafts the purchase order - **Supplier dispatch record:** Lines and quantities, transporter, vehicle, LR number, up to 3 photos or PDFs - **Built for:** A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer What to require from any vendor for this: [4 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-rfq-link), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Do suppliers have to sign up?:** No. Each supplier gets a private link per request; they open it on their phone and quote. - **Can suppliers see each other's rates?:** No. A supplier sees only their own link: their lines, their quote and, once it's issued, their PO. - **Does this replace calling suppliers?:** No. Conversations stay on WhatsApp, email and phone. The link just makes rates and dispatch details arrive as data, against the right line. How it works, in detail - [Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/suppliers-quote-on-a-link) Built for - [A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer](https://ahromlabs.com/work#boiler-manufacturer) — Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing Industries - [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) Next in buy at the right price and know what's in stock [Stock you can scan, set aside for each customer order](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "TallyPrime integration for cloud apps | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration description: "We connect business systems to TallyPrime four ways, because Tally's gateway only listens on its own PC: a local agent that posts approved vouchers within…" --- [Services](https://ahromlabs.com/services) · [Keep the books, GST and wages right the first time](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) # TallyPrime integration for cloud apps Your software and Tally in sync, with no double entry - [Overview](https://ahromlabs.com/services/money-and-people) - [GST and TDS](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Tally sync](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [Group companies](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Receivables](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) We connect business systems to TallyPrime four ways, because Tally's gateway only listens on its own PC: a local agent that posts approved vouchers within 30 seconds, the same agent hardened for unreliable office internet, an MCP server giving apps and AI agents one set of Tally tools, and CSV or JSON export and import. Missing ledgers and rejections are held for a person. Who it's for: Indian businesses whose accounts live in TallyPrime but whose sales, purchase or operations work has moved to a web app — and who are tired of re-keying the same invoice twice. ## How it works 1. 01 A small agent runs on the PC where TallyPrime is open, because Tally's gateway only listens on that machine. 2. 02 When your web app approves an invoice, the agent posts it into Tally as a voucher within 30 seconds. 3. 03 Voucher status and outstandings sync back every 15 minutes, and ledgers and stock items every 24 hours. 4. 04 A missing ledger or a real rejection waits for a person; a dropped connection simply retries. ## The numbers - **Ways to connect:** 4 — local agent, hardened agent, MCP server, CSV/JSON files - **Push cadence:** 30 seconds - **Voucher and outstanding sync:** 15 minutes - **Ledger, stock-item and voucher-type masters:** 24 hours - **Open-source reference library:** tally-voucher-xml, 32 tests What to require from any vendor for this: [3 lines on the ERP requirements checklist](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tally-posting), each with the test to ask for in a demo. ## Questions buyers ask - **Why can't a web app talk to Tally directly?:** TallyPrime has no cloud API. Its integration gateway only listens on the PC that runs it, so every connection has to be a bridge on that machine. - **What if the office internet drops?:** The hardened agent keeps approved entries and retries until Tally is reachable again. A connection failure is never mistaken for a rejection. - **Can AI agents work with Tally?:** Yes. An MCP server in front of Tally gives applications and AI agents one set of Tally tools. How it works, in detail - [Four ways to connect a business system to TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/connecting-tallyprime-four-ways) - [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) - [Seven signs your business has outgrown Tally — and what fixed each one](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/outgrown-tally-signs) - [Route through a local agent, not a direct API, when the target system is local-only](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/local-agent-cloud-db) - [Classify failures before retrying — transient errors retry, real rejections wait for a person](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/failures-flagged-not-lost) - [After writing to an external system, verify against it — don't trust your own write](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reconcile-against-source-of-truth) - [tally-voucher-xml on GitHub](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml) Built for - [LS Technologies](https://ahromlabs.com/work#ls-technologies) — Electronics-components import/export trading Industries - [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) Next in keep the books, gst and wages right the first time [Sister concerns, one set of books, and staff see only their part](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Support | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/support description: "Raise a support request for a system Ahrom Labs built and maintains." --- # Support For businesses running a system we built. Tell us what's wrong or what you need. Every request gets a number and a reply by email. - **Who can send a request:** Only emails registered to your company. Use yours and the request goes straight in, with a confirmation and its number sent to that inbox. To register an email, yours or a colleague's, write to [pujan@ahromlabs.com](mailto:pujan@ahromlabs.com) with the person's name and company. - **When we reply:** Within 2 business days. Urgent issues, where the system is down or work has stopped, the same business day. Support hours are Monday to Saturday, 10:00 to 19:00 IST, except public holidays. - **What helps:** What you were doing, what you expected and what happened instead, with a screenshot if you can. One request per issue keeps each one easy to track. Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "ERP and compliance glossary | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems description: "The vocabulary Ahrom Labs uses to model a business: entities, relationships, workflows, evidence, and the terms that connect them." --- # ERP and compliance glossary The vocabulary Ahrom uses to model a business. These are the terms the architecture is built from. ## Structure - **Entity:** A distinct thing the business tracks: a customer, an order, an employee, an asset. Entities are the nouns the rest of the system refers to. - **Relationship:** A defined connection between two entities, such as which customer placed which order. Relationships are modeled directly, not inferred from matching IDs across separate tables. - **Workflow:** A sequence of steps that moves an entity from one state to another, with a defined owner at each step. - **Dependency:** A requirement that one step, entity, or workflow places on another before it can proceed. ## Governance - **Permission:** A rule defining who can view, change, or act on a given entity or workflow step, defined once and enforced everywhere that entity appears. - **Business rule:** A constraint the business enforces regardless of which application is being used, such as an approval threshold or an eligibility condition. - **State transition:** A recorded change in an entity's status, such as an order moving from placed to fulfilled, along with what caused the change. ## Truth - **Data:** The recorded facts a business has about its entities and events, structured according to the model rather than scattered across tools. - **Decision:** A choice made by a person or a system that changes what happens next, tracked as its own record rather than only its downstream effect. - **Evidence:** The data and events that justified a decision, kept attached to that decision so the reasoning can be reviewed later. - **Cross-department process:** A workflow that spans more than one team, such as sales handing off to fulfillment, modeled as one continuous process rather than as separate steps in separate tools. - **[AI hallucination](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ai-hallucination):** When an AI model states something that isn't in the data it was given, such as a total it added up wrong, a rounded figure or a name it invented, in the same confident tone as a true answer. - **[Grounding check](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/grounding-check):** A check that every figure in an AI answer appears in the data the answer was built from; a sentence that fails it is dropped instead of shown. - **[Fixed look-up](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-look-up):** A read-only database query written in advance for one kind of question, with only the values (a client, a period) filled in at the time it runs, so the same question always gets the same maths as the app's screens. - **[Text-to-SQL](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/text-to-sql):** An AI design where the model writes a database query from the user's question and the result is shown as the answer; flexible, but the model decides the maths, so a query that is slightly wrong gives a figure that is slightly wrong. ## Operations and compliance - **[Audit trail (edit log)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail):** A record, kept by accounting software for every transaction, of each change made to the books and the date it was made, which the user cannot switch off. - **[E-invoice (IRN)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice):** A B2B invoice, credit note or debit note registered on the GST invoice registration portal (IRP), which returns an invoice reference number (IRN) and a signed QR code. - **[E-way bill](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill):** The electronic document generated on the GST e-way bill system before goods move, required under rule 138 of the CGST Rules for a consignment value exceeding ₹50,000. - **[Three-way match](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/three-way-match):** Checking each supplier bill against its purchase order and the goods actually received before it is approved for payment. - **[Stock reservation](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/stock-reservation):** Setting physical stock aside against a specific customer order line, so the same unit can't be promised to two customers. - **[Material traceability](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-traceability):** Following each piece of material, with its heat or batch and its test certificate, from receipt through cutting into the product it became. - **[MSME payment rule](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/msme-payment-rule):** The rule that a buyer must pay a micro or small enterprise supplier by the agreed date, which can never be more than 45 days from acceptance, or within 15 days where there is no written agreement. - **[TDS on purchase of goods](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/tds-on-purchases):** Tax a buyer deducts when paying a seller for goods beyond ₹50 lakh in a year, where the buyer's turnover exceeded ₹10 crore in the preceding year. - **[Reverse charge](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/reverse-charge):** A GST arrangement where the buyer, not the supplier, pays the tax on certain purchases. - **[Fixed-asset register](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-asset-register):** The record of a business's fixed assets with their cost, the date each was put to use, and depreciation. - **[Role-based access](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/role-based-access):** Controlling what each person can see and do by their role, enforced by the system itself rather than by hiding things on screen. - **[Data migration](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/data-migration):** Moving records from an old system or spreadsheets into a new one, checked so that nothing is lost or attached to the wrong record. - **[Bill of quantities (BOQ)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/bill-of-quantities):** A list of every item of work with its description, unit and quantity, measured from the drawings before anyone prices it, so contractors fill in rates and their quotes can be compared line by line. - **[Variation order](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/variation-order):** A record of a change after the BOQ is agreed: what was added, omitted or substituted, at what rate, and its effect on time and payment, signed before the changed work is done. - **[Measurement basis](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/measurement-basis):** The rule a BOQ line is measured by: square metres, running metres or numbers, and what is deducted. Floors, ceilings, paint and woodwork follow IS 1200; modular kitchens and wardrobes have no standard, so the line must state its basis. - **[Material test certificate (MTC)](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate):** The steel maker's certificate for a plate or tube: its material and test results, identified by certificate, cast and plate number. Under IBR 2026, the material certificates go with a boiler's registration (Form V Part A). - **[IBR statutory folder](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ibr-statutory-folder):** The set of documents a boiler maker sends with each boiler for registration under the Indian Boiler Regulations: a covering letter, the forms, the mountings and fittings list, a stage-wise inspection report and copies of the material test certificates, filed in a fixed order. ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "AI hallucination | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ai-hallucination description: "When an AI model states something that isn't in the data it was given, such as a total it added up wrong, a rounded figure or a name it invented, in the…" --- # AI hallucination When an AI model states something that isn't in the data it was given, such as a total it added up wrong, a rounded figure or a name it invented, in the same confident tone as a true answer. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 In a business system the dangerous kind is a number that is nearly right. The way to rule it out is to keep the model away from the numbers, as described in [how an AI assistant answers from your records](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works); the way to catch it is a [grounding check](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/grounding-check), which you can run yourself with the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Audit trail (edit log) | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/audit-trail description: "A record, kept by accounting software for every transaction, of each change made to the books and the date it was made, which the user cannot switch off." --- # Audit trail (edit log) A record, kept by accounting software for every transaction, of each change made to the books and the date it was made, which the user cannot switch off. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Indian companies that keep their books in accounting software must use software with this feature for financial years from 1 April 2023, under the proviso to rule 3(1) of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, and their auditors report on it. In an ERP it means more than a history tab: the old value, the new value, who changed it and when, for every entry, including those migrated from an older system. See the [audit-trail requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-audit-trail) and [GST, TDS and statutory compliance](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Bill of quantities (BOQ) | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/bill-of-quantities description: "A list of every item of work with its description, unit and quantity, measured from the drawings before anyone prices it, so contractors fill in rates and…" --- # Bill of quantities (BOQ) A list of every item of work with its description, unit and quantity, measured from the drawings before anyone prices it, so contractors fill in rates and their quotes can be compared line by line. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 It is not an estimate (an expected cost), a quotation (a priced offer) or a bill of materials (the parts of one product). How to write one for interior work, with a free checker and a 41-item library, is in the [interior BOQ guide](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/what-is-a-boq). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Data migration | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/data-migration description: "Moving records from an old system or spreadsheets into a new one, checked so that nothing is lost or attached to the wrong record." --- # Data migration Moving records from an old system or spreadsheets into a new one, checked so that nothing is lost or attached to the wrong record. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Ahrom Labs moves history row by row and holds any row that can't be matched to exactly one record for a person, rather than guessing. See the note [sales history moved without guessing](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) and the [migration requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#sales-history-migration). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "E-invoice (IRN) | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-invoice description: "A B2B invoice, credit note or debit note registered on the GST invoice registration portal (IRP), which returns an invoice reference number (IRN) and a…" --- # E-invoice (IRN) A B2B invoice, credit note or debit note registered on the GST invoice registration portal (IRP), which returns an invoice reference number (IRN) and a signed QR code. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Registered persons whose aggregate turnover exceeded ₹5 crore in any financial year from 2017-18 must e-invoice from 1 August 2023 (Notification 10/2023–Central Tax). From 1 April 2025, taxpayers with annual aggregate turnover of ₹10 crore and above cannot report a document to the IRP more than 30 days after its date (GSTN advisory, 5 November 2024). See the [e-invoice requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-e-invoice). Ahrom Labs has not yet built an IRP connection. [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "E-way bill | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/e-way-bill description: "The electronic document generated on the GST e-way bill system before goods move, required under rule 138 of the CGST Rules for a consignment value…" --- # E-way bill The electronic document generated on the GST e-way bill system before goods move, required under rule 138 of the CGST Rules for a consignment value exceeding ₹50,000. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 An ERP should produce the e-way bill from the invoice and dispatch record rather than having someone retype the consignment into the portal at the gate. See the [e-way bill requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#dispatch-eway-bill); Ahrom Labs has built a direct NIC client to the official v1.03 spec, live once a client's NIC account is set up. [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Fixed-asset register | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-asset-register description: "The record of a business's fixed assets with their cost, the date each was put to use, and depreciation." --- # Fixed-asset register The record of a business's fixed assets with their cost, the date each was put to use, and depreciation. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Kept inside the ERP and posted to the ledger, it stays in agreement with the books; kept in a spreadsheet, it rarely does. See the [fixed-asset requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-fixed-assets). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Fixed look-up | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-look-up description: "A read-only database query written in advance for one kind of question, with only the values (a client, a period) filled in at the time it runs, so the same…" --- # Fixed look-up A read-only database query written in advance for one kind of question, with only the values (a client, a period) filled in at the time it runs, so the same question always gets the same maths as the app's screens. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 In Ahrom Labs' assistants a small model only chooses which fixed look-up answers a question; code runs it. The look-ups each assistant has are listed, with the screen to check each against, in the [question library](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/questions). The opposite approach is [text-to-SQL](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/text-to-sql). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Grounding check | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/grounding-check description: "A check that every figure in an AI answer appears in the data the answer was built from; a sentence that fails it is dropped instead of shown." --- # Grounding check A check that every figure in an AI answer appears in the data the answer was built from; a sentence that fails it is dropped instead of shown. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Ahrom Labs' assistants run it before showing any written line. You can run the same check on any assistant's answer with the [number check](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/number-check); why it matters is in [how it works](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "IBR statutory folder | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/ibr-statutory-folder description: "The set of documents a boiler maker sends with each boiler for registration under the Indian Boiler Regulations: a covering letter, the forms, the mountings…" --- # IBR statutory folder The set of documents a boiler maker sends with each boiler for registration under the Indian Boiler Regulations: a covering letter, the forms, the mountings and fittings list, a stage-wise inspection report and copies of the material test certificates, filed in a fixed order. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Under IBR 2026 the forms are Form I Part B or C, Form IV Part A and Form V Part A with its Part B extract; see [documents for boiler registration](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/registration-documents) and [the folder built from a BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Material test certificate (MTC) | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-test-certificate description: "The steel maker's certificate for a plate or tube: its material and test results, identified by certificate, cast and plate number." --- # Material test certificate (MTC) The steel maker's certificate for a plate or tube: its material and test results, identified by certificate, cast and plate number. Under IBR 2026, the material certificates go with a boiler's registration (Form V Part A). [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 One certificate often covers parts of several boilers, so a system that keeps each one once and links it to every part avoids retyping and mismatches; see [the IBR statutory folder from a BOM](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) and [Form V Part A](https://ahromlabs.com/ibr/forms/form-v-part-a). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Material traceability | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/material-traceability description: "Following each piece of material, with its heat or batch and its test certificate, from receipt through cutting into the product it became." --- # Material traceability Following each piece of material, with its heat or batch and its test certificate, from receipt through cutting into the product it became. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 For pressure parts, traceability is what lets a statutory folder show which certificate covers which part. See the [traceability requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#quality-certificate-bank) and [material traceability, cutting and remnants](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Measurement basis | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/measurement-basis description: "The rule a BOQ line is measured by: square metres, running metres or numbers, and what is deducted. Floors, ceilings, paint and woodwork follow IS 1200…" --- # Measurement basis The rule a BOQ line is measured by: square metres, running metres or numbers, and what is deducted. Floors, ceilings, paint and woodwork follow IS 1200; modular kitchens and wardrobes have no standard, so the line must state its basis. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 The same wardrobe can be 60 square feet or 8 running feet, so a line without its basis can't be compared between quotes. The rules, trade by trade, are in [how interior work is measured](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/measurement-rules). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "MSME payment rule | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/msme-payment-rule description: "The rule that a buyer must pay a micro or small enterprise supplier by the agreed date, which can never be more than 45 days from acceptance, or within 15…" --- # MSME payment rule The rule that a buyer must pay a micro or small enterprise supplier by the agreed date, which can never be more than 45 days from acceptance, or within 15 days where there is no written agreement. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 It comes from section 15 of the MSMED Act, 2006\. Under the Income-tax Act, 2025, section 37(2)(g), an amount paid to such a supplier beyond that time limit is deductible only when actually paid. How it applies to a particular business is a question for a CA. See the [MSME requirements](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-msme-due-dates). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Reverse charge | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/reverse-charge description: "A GST arrangement where the buyer, not the supplier, pays the tax on certain purchases." --- # Reverse charge A GST arrangement where the buyer, not the supplier, pays the tax on certain purchases. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Because no supplier invoice shows the tax, an ERP must mark these purchases and compute the liability for the return. See the [reverse-charge requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-reverse-charge). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Role-based access | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/role-based-access description: "Controlling what each person can see and do by their role, enforced by the system itself rather than by hiding things on screen." --- # Role-based access Controlling what each person can see and do by their role, enforced by the system itself rather than by hiding things on screen. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 In the Savistar & Saag system, staff see only their own cash entries and every bank route refuses staff at the API. See the [access requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#nonfunctional-role-access) and the pattern [role-scoped finance views](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Stock reservation | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/stock-reservation description: "Setting physical stock aside against a specific customer order line, so the same unit can't be promised to two customers." --- # Stock reservation Setting physical stock aside against a specific customer order line, so the same unit can't be promised to two customers. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 In the LS Technologies system, whole reels are reserved per customer PO line, oldest first, and shipping a reserved reel elsewhere needs a manager's override. See the [reservation requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#stores-reservations) and [QR inventory and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "TDS on purchase of goods | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/tds-on-purchases description: "Tax a buyer deducts when paying a seller for goods beyond ₹50 lakh in a year, where the buyer's turnover exceeded ₹10 crore in the preceding year." --- # TDS on purchase of goods Tax a buyer deducts when paying a seller for goods beyond ₹50 lakh in a year, where the buyer's turnover exceeded ₹10 crore in the preceding year. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Under the Income-tax Act, 2025 it is row 8(ii) of the table in section 393(1), formerly section 194Q of the 1961 Act. An ERP has to track each seller's running total to deduct from the right bill. See the [TDS requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#accounts-tds-purchases); confirm your position with a CA. [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Text-to-SQL | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/text-to-sql description: "An AI design where the model writes a database query from the user's question and the result is shown as the answer; flexible, but the model decides the…" --- # Text-to-SQL An AI design where the model writes a database query from the user's question and the result is shown as the answer; flexible, but the model decides the maths, so a query that is slightly wrong gives a figure that is slightly wrong. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 A buyer can't see the query, only the number. The alternative is a [fixed look-up](https://ahromlabs.com/systems/fixed-look-up) per question type; the trade-off is set out in [how an AI assistant answers from your records](https://ahromlabs.com/ai-assistant/how-it-works). Search over documents, rather than figures, is [retrieval and knowledge graphs](https://ahromlabs.com/services/rag-knowledge-graphs). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Three-way match | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/three-way-match description: "Checking each supplier bill against its purchase order and the goods actually received before it is approved for payment." --- # Three-way match Checking each supplier bill against its purchase order and the goods actually received before it is approved for payment. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 Differences in quantity or rate between the three are flagged for a person, so a short supply isn't paid in full. See the [three-way match requirement](https://ahromlabs.com/erp/requirements#purchase-three-way-match). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Variation order | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/systems/variation-order description: "A record of a change after the BOQ is agreed: what was added, omitted or substituted, at what rate, and its effect on time and payment, signed before the…" --- # Variation order A record of a change after the BOQ is agreed: what was added, omitted or substituted, at what rate, and its effect on time and payment, signed before the changed work is done. [Pujan Motiwala](https://ahromlabs.com/about/pujan-motiwala) · October 25, 2026 How a changed item and a new item are priced under CPWD's contract conditions is in [variation orders in interior work](https://ahromlabs.com/boq/variation-orders). [All systems vocabulary](https://ahromlabs.com/systems) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com --- title: "Work: clients and the systems we built for them | Ahrom Labs" url: https://ahromlabs.com/work description: "Systems Ahrom Labs has built for LS Technologies, Savistar & Saag, and a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer — ERP, CRM, TallyPrime integration, AI…" --- # Work The businesses we've built systems for, named with their permission, and what each system actually does. The detail lives in the linked engineering notes. Electronics-components import/export trading ## LS Technologies An ERP and CRM with TallyPrime accounting automation and AI document extraction, plus a separate inventory management system for PCB components and reels. [Software for electronics-component importers and traders](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/electronics-component-trading) [Try the live demo →](https://electronics-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) - Approved invoices post into TallyPrime as vouchers within 30 seconds, through a local agent on the Tally PC. - Five document types — purchase and freight invoices, bills of entry, purchase orders, bank statements — extracted by AI at 88–95% zero-correction, every one approved by a person before posting. - Every posted voucher is checked against Tally's own data; one deleted inside Tally is marked unconfirmed again on the next sync. Read the detail - [Posting vouchers into TallyPrime from a cloud app](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/tally-voucher-posting) - [AI extraction with a human in the loop, five document types](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ai-extraction-human-in-the-loop) - [Reels, boxes and two stores — stock you can scan and set aside for each order](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/reels-boxes-and-two-stores) - [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) - [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) - [Queue the original request, replay it through the same handler on approval](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/replay-queued-payload-through-existing-handler) Services - [TallyPrime integration for cloud apps](https://ahromlabs.com/services/tally-integration) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [QR inventory, multi-store stock and order reservations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/inventory-and-reservations) - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) - [Receivables, payables and financial position from TallyPrime](https://ahromlabs.com/services/receivables-from-tally) - [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) Interior design and furniture manufacturing — sister companies ## Savistar & Saag The backend both businesses run on: workers, clients, vendors and freight, projects and site visits for Savistar, workshop orders for Saag, and one combined finance ledger. [Software for interior design firms and furniture workshops](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/interior-design-and-furniture) [Try the live demo →](https://interiors-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) - Each invoice picks its own company's letterhead, logo and GSTIN from a single shared app. - Staff see only their own cash entries; bank data is refused to staff at the API. - Vendor and freight charges are checked against reference rates and deviations flagged automatically. > “They really took the time to understand our concerns and requirements, and the system was built the way we had envisioned it. It has brought much more structure, visibility, and control to the way we operate.” > > — Sachi & Haripriya, owners of Savistar and Saag Read the detail - [Two companies, one book](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/two-companies-one-book) - [An assistant that only answers from your own records, and never invents a number](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/assistant-that-answers-from-your-ledger) - [Scope financial visibility by role at the query layer, not just the UI](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/role-scoped-finance-views) - [Flag deviations from a known reference rate, don't manually audit every charge](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/reference-rate-anomaly-detection) Services - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [Multi-company finance and role-scoped access](https://ahromlabs.com/services/multi-company-finance) - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [Attendance, work logs and daily-wage payroll](https://ahromlabs.com/services/daily-wage-payroll) - [Custom AI assistant over your business data](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-ai-assistant) Boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturing ## A boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer A custom ERP, CRM and operational-intelligence system for a boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturer — from bills of materials and material stock to the test certificates that go into statutory quality-control documents. [ERP software for boiler and pressure-vessel manufacturers](https://ahromlabs.com/industries/boiler-pressure-vessel-manufacturing) [Try the live demo →](https://boiler-erp.ahromlabs.com/demo) - Each boiler's IBR statutory folder — cover letter and IBR 2026 Forms I Part B, IV Part A, IV Part B and V Part B (Forms II(1), III, III A and IV A under IBR 1950) — put together from a bank of material test certificates, with the parts added by a person in a few minutes. - Plate and section offcuts go back into stock with weight derived from geometry: a 157.00 kg plate became 127.17 kg used, 15.70 kg remnant and 14.13 kg scrap, conserved exactly. - The system is also the book of record: GSTR-1, GSTR-3B, TDS, reverse charge, fixed assets and bank reconciliation, with 23 reports — Tally optional. - Test certificates are matched to the lines they belong to by confidence, but never linked without a person confirming, because they end up in statutory paperwork. Read the detail - [Keeping test certificates for a boiler's IBR folder](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/ibr-statutory-folder-from-bom) - [Putting steel plate offcuts back into stock, by weight derived from geometry](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/plate-remnants-back-into-stock) - [GST, TDS and the general ledger inside a manufacturing ERP, with Tally optional](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/accounting-inside-the-manufacturing-erp) - [The same confidence score, two different autonomy rules](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/same-confidence-different-autonomy) - [What a customer sees: one boiler order through every department](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/customer-portal-one-order-every-department) - [Suppliers quote on a link, not a login, and see their PO when it's issued](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/suppliers-quote-on-a-link) - [Moving five years of sales history into one CRM, without guessing a single customer](https://ahromlabs.com/notes/sales-history-moved-without-guessing) - [Compute "what's blocking this" on every read, and observe before you enforce](https://ahromlabs.com/patterns/compute-blockers-on-read) Services - [Custom ERP, CRM and operations systems](https://ahromlabs.com/services/custom-erp-crm) - [GST, TDS and statutory compliance, built in](https://ahromlabs.com/services/compliance-accounting) - [Analytics and operational intelligence](https://ahromlabs.com/services/operational-intelligence) - [AI document extraction with human review](https://ahromlabs.com/services/document-extraction) - [Sales CRM, enquiries and quotations](https://ahromlabs.com/services/sales-crm) - [Customer portal and online quote requests](https://ahromlabs.com/services/customer-portal) - [Supplier RFQ portal and purchase orders](https://ahromlabs.com/services/supplier-portal) - [Material traceability, cutting and remnant management](https://ahromlabs.com/services/material-traceability) - [BOM import and multi-level bill of materials](https://ahromlabs.com/services/bom-from-excel) Open source ## tally-voucher-xml The voucher-XML building, push-to-Tally and error-classification logic from the LS Technologies system, extracted into a small, dependency-free library with 32 tests and stripped of that business's ledger names and database coupling. [github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml](https://github.com/Ahrom-Labs/tally-voucher-xml) ## Talk to us about your systems. Tell us what's held together with workarounds right now. We reply to every message ourselves. [Start a conversation](https://ahromlabs.com/#contact) [Pricing, licensing and support](https://ahromlabs.com/engagement) --- Machine-readable: [llms.txt](https://ahromlabs.com/llms.txt) · [knowledge.json](https://ahromlabs.com/knowledge.json) · Contact: pujan@ahromlabs.com